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目的：比较两种大强度间歇训练手段对优秀自行车运动员有氧运动能力的影响。方法：将15名备战全国“十三运”的云南省自行车队男子运动员随机分为3组， S组训练方案采用SIT/耐力训练， H组训练方案采用HIIT/耐力训练， C组为对照组，进行传统耐力性训练；训练持续3周。训练前后进行递增负荷测试和有氧运动能力测试，测试指标包括最大摄氧量绝对值（VO2max）、最大摄氧量相对值（VO2max/kg）、每分通气量（VE）、最大心率（HRmax），并通过公式计算每搏输出量（SV），以及测试递增负荷后即刻血乳酸（BLA）、最大有氧功率（P）和40 km个人计时成绩进行了测试。结果：（1）3周训练后，S组运动员VE、HRmax、SV、VO2max、VO2max/kg、P和ITT40km均较训练前有显著性提高（P＜0.05）；H组运动员VE、VO2max/kg、ITT40km较训练前有显著性增加（P＜0.05），BLA有显著性的下降（P＜0.05）。（2）S组运动员ΔVE、ΔHRmax、ΔSV、ΔVO2max、ΔVO2max/kg、ΔBLA、ΔITT40km显著提升（P＜0.05），且优于其余两组；H组仅ΔITT40km存在明显提升（P＜0.05）。结论：间歇训练结合耐力训练对优秀公路自行车运动员的呼吸系统、有氧供能系统可产生积极的影响；而且，SIT结合耐力训练较HIIT结合耐力训练或传统耐力训练更能提高公路自行车运动员的有氧代谢能力和有氧运动能力，训练效果更佳。 相似文献
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急性低氧对自行车运动员递增负荷运动时肌氧饱和度的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
目的:通过近红外光谱技术观察自行车运动员低氧下递增负荷运动时肌氧饱和度的变化,探索可靠、有效,无创的评价肌肉疲劳指标.方法:连续监测15名自行车运动员常氧和急性低氧环境下递增负荷运动时心肺系统和肌氧饱和度的变化.结果:(1)低氧条件下,由开始运动到75%最大功率,△[HbO2]降低、△[HHb]增高;由75%至100%最大功率时,△[HbO2]保持不变,△[HHb]和△[THb]增加.但在4个不同功率等级下低氧△[HbO2]均高于常氧值,△[HHb]存50%、75%和100%最大功率时均低于常氧对应值;(2)运动员在低氧运动时,无氧阈(VT)和最大摄氧量(VO2max)出现时对应的心率、气体代谢、血氧饱和度(SpO2)和功率都出现降低;其中VT和VO2max/对应的VO2、VE/VO2、VE/VCO2和SpO2都低于常氧运动时的值.结论:(1)自行车运动员低氧运动时相对强度增大,而低氧通气反应显著高于常氧水平.提示提高自行车运动员在高原训练和/或比赛时的低氧通气反应有利于提高其有氧能力;(2)低氧运动时△[HbO2]显著高于常氧值,△[HHb]显著低于常氧值,说明肌氧饱和度是反映肌肉疲劳程度的敏感指标,可考虑将其作为监控和评价白行车运动员训练、比赛的指标. 相似文献
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为探讨临界功率(简称CP)评价人体有氧能力的可靠性,以本省9名自行车运动员为研究对象,用逐级递增负荷法测其最大吸氧量(简称VO2max),据4次力竭运动的负荷和对应的疲劳时间来推算CP的值.测定结果VO2max为4.542±0.272l/min,VO2max/kg为58.87±4.947ml/min/kg,,CP为281.380土19.882W,CP与VO2max相关显著(R＝0.7422,P<0.05),而CP与VO2max/kg的相关不显著.提示CP可以用来衡量人体的有氧能力,CP所代表的有氧能力与体重无关. 相似文献
4.
通过测试4周强化有氧训练(LT强度)前后广东省女子自行车运动员的VO2max、LT、VT、HR、VE等指标变化,以观察有氧耐力的变化.结果显示:1)VO2max、VT均无明显变化(P>0.05);2)训练前后VO2max、LT、VT与心率均显著相关(P<0.05).3)VT、LT时与心率显著相关(-0.592,P<0.05),回归方程为:Y(LT时心率)=218.120-0.343 X(VT心率).结论:1)为期4周的有氧耐力强化训练(LT强度)并不能够明显提高女子自行车运动员VO2max、VT的水平;2)采用心率控制训练强度是科学合理的;3)实验室测试VT心率在实际训练中需要校正后再用. 相似文献
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利用IST—Ⅱ型等动游泳训练测试系统进行递增负荷运动时测定游泳运动员上肢最大有氧能力。结果表明：1)IST—Ⅱ等动游泳训练测试系统是一种较好的训练、测试用游泳专用测功仪，可通过递增负荷安全、有效地测定游泳运动员的上肢的有氧能力；2)VO2max平台持续时间(VO2maxPD)是另一个可以反映游泳运动员的最大有氧能力的重要标识，只有把VO2max和VO2maxPD二者结合起来才能更全面反映运动员有氧能力的内涵；3)心率无氧阈(HR—AT)应成为游泳训练中控制训练负荷的重要指标。 相似文献
7.
优秀男子公路自行车运动员专项体能特征研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了探讨男子公路自行车运动员专项体能特征,对12名我国男子优秀公路自行车运动员进行专项体能测试.采用递增负荷进行VO2max和通气无氧阈测试,运用wingate方案进行无氧能力测试,采用等速力量测试仪对运动员膝关节力量进行测试.研究结果:我国优秀公路自行车运动员VO2 max为4.97±0.60 L·min-1,通气无氧阈为3.92 L·min-1,相当于VO2 max的78.88%;平均无氧功率为820.17±113.22 W,无氧功峰值功率为1 209.75±280.8 W.膝关节肌群力量与无氧能力之间呈显著相关关系(r=0.577～0.844,P<0.05或P<0.01),膝关节向心60°/s伸肌峰值力矩与VOzmax呈高度显著相关(r=0.633,P<0.05). 相似文献
8.
目的:探讨高住高练低训对提高CBA后备男子篮球运动员有氧代谢能力的影响.方法:将所测试的24名陕西东盛俱乐部的后备男子篮球运动员随机分成两组,实验对照组(12名)和HiHiLo组(12名).对递增负荷运动时两组运动员的无氧阈(AT),血乳酸水平(lactate of blood)和最大摄氧量(VO2max)进行测定.结果:HiHiLo组无氧阈功率从实验前(152.84±24.92)W提高至实验后的(168.86±25.39)W(P<0.01).血乳酸指标在150W至240W时段低于其实验前水平(P<0.05和P<0.01).VO2max指标从实验前(52.65 ±4.87)ml/kg/min提高至实验后的(63.86±6.82)(P<0.05).实验对照组无氧阈功率、血乳酸水平和VO2max均无显著性变化(P>0.05).结论:高住高练低训可以有效提高男子篮球运动员的有氧代谢能力. 相似文献
9.
目的:探讨有氧健身操运动干预对女大学生肺通气机能的影响,为有氧健身操运动提高肺通气机能提供参考依据.方法:随机抽取山西师范大学大二学生中24名普通女大学生,对其进行12周的有氧健身操运动干预,所有测试者均采用功率Custo-Med 3000型自行车进行逐级递增负荷运动,测试运动干预前后肺通气量(VE)、潮气量(VT)、摄氧量(VO2)、二氧化碳输出量(VCO2)、呼吸商(RQ).结果:有氧健身操运动干预后,递增负荷下女大学生肺通气量(VE)、潮气量(VT)、摄氧量(VO2)、二氧化碳输出量(VCO2)和呼吸商(RQ)各指标都升高,且与干预前比较具有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:有氧健身操可对女大学生的心肺功能产生良性影响,能够提高女大学生的呼吸系统功能,有效增强呼吸系统摄取氧和运输氧的能力,以及组织有氧代谢利用氧的能力,增大肺活量. 相似文献
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Keytel LR Goedecke JH Noakes TD Hiiloskorpi H Laukkanen R van der Merwe L Lambert EV 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(3):289-297
The aims of this study were to quantify the effects of factors such as mode of exercise, body composition and training on the relationship between heart rate and physical activity energy expenditure (measured in kJ x min(-1)) and to develop prediction equations for energy expenditure from heart rate. Regularly exercising individuals (n = 115; age 18-45 years, body mass 47-120 kg) underwent a test for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max test), using incremental protocols on either a cycle ergometer or treadmill; VO2max ranged from 27 to 81 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). The participants then completed three steady-state exercise stages on either the treadmill (10 min) or the cycle ergometer (15 min) at 35%, 62% and 80% of VO2max, corresponding to 57%, 77% and 90% of maximal heart rate. Heart rate and respiratory exchange ratio data were collected during each stage. A mixed-model analysis identified gender, heart rate, weight, V2max and age as factors that best predicted the relationship between heart rate and energy expenditure. The model (with the highest likelihood ratio) was used to estimate energy expenditure. The correlation coefficient (r) between the measured and estimated energy expenditure was 0.913. The model therefore accounted for 83.3% (R2) of the variance in energy expenditure in this sample. Because a measure of fitness, such as VO2max, is not always available, a model without VO2max included was also fitted. The correlation coefficient between the measured energy expenditure and estimates from the mixed model without VO2max was 0.857. It follows that the model without a fitness measure accounted for 73.4% of the variance in energy expenditure in this sample. Based on these results, we conclude that it is possible to estimate physical activity energy expenditure from heart rate in a group of individuals with a great deal of accuracy, after adjusting for age, gender, body mass and fitness. 相似文献
12.
Christoph Höchsmann Anja Rossmeissl Sandra Baumann Denis Infanger Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(5):753-761
Objectives: To examine cardiorespiratory exertion during mini trampoline exercises of different intensities in both endurance-trained athletes and overweight-obese adults. Methods: Physically healthy participants (Group A: normal-weight, endurance-trained athletes; Group B: inactive, overweight-obese adults) participated in two measurement appointments and three training sessions in between appointments, in which participants familiarized themselves with the use of the mini trampoline and the execution of the exercises. The primary outcome was the ?O2peak for each of the six mini trampoline exercises relative to the ?O2peak as established during an all-out exercise test on a bike ergometer during the first measurement appointment. Secondary outcomes were average ?O2 as well as maximum and average heart rate. Results: The six mini trampoline exercises generated ?O2peak values between 42% and 81% in the endurance-trained athletes and between 58% and 87% in the overweight-obese participants, both in relation to the bike ergometer ?O2peak. Average ?O2 values ranged from 35% to 69% (endurance-trained athletes) and from 48% to 71% (overweight-obese participants), depending on exercise. Average heart rate likewise lay in a range that can be categorized as moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise for both groups. A moderate-to-strong correlation (0.658 to 0.875, depending on exercise) between bike ergometer ?O2peak and mini trampoline ?O2peak was found for all six exercises. Conclusions: Mini trampoline exercise has the potential to produce training intensities that concur with established exercise guidelines. The exercise intensity is self-adjusting and allows for an effective and safe workout for different users with a wide range of fitness levels. 相似文献
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不同运动方式对唾液sIgA 的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:了解不同运动方式对唾液分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)的影响。方法:8名普通大学生进行95%最大摄氧量(VO2max)强度的功率自行车间歇运动和连续3天的30 min、75%VO2max强度持续运动,8名田径运动员进行3种急性运动(10 000 m跑、1节强化训练课和1次递增负荷力竭性跑台运动),观察各种运动前后的唾液sIgA变化情况。结果:95%VO2max强度间歇运动后即刻唾液sIgA分泌率降低,3天连续运动后即刻的唾液sIgA分泌率逐渐下降,运动员强化训练课后唾液sIgA浓度降低。结果提示,大强度运动会降低唾液sIgA水平,长期耐力训练对黏膜免疫系统有累积性抑制作用。 相似文献
14.
Fiona Wilson John Gormley Conor Gissane Ciaran Simms 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1481-1489
Abstract Lumbar spine injury is common in rowers and examination of spinal kinematics may improve the understanding of this injury's prevalence. This study aimed to examine the range of frontal plane angular displacement (AD) in the lumbar spine at L3 during ergometer rowing and to investigate the effect of exhaustion on lumbar kinematics. Twelve elite male rowers completed an incremental test on a Concept 2 ergometer. Lumbar AD at L3 was measured continually throughout the rowing trial using a Spectrotilt Inclinometer and blood lactate was sampled at 3-minute intervals. AD of between 4.7° and 8.8° was recorded at L3. There was a significant increase in AD between the first and last stage of the test (mean increase = 4.1 ± 1.94°, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 2.9 to 5.3°, t = 7.36, P = 0.000014). Incremental rise in AD was associated with an incremental rise in blood lactate but regression confirmed that only stroke rate was a significant predictor for increasing angle. Thus there is a statistically significant increase in frontal plane AD at L3 over the course of an incremental exercise test although it cannot be confirmed if this is as a result of exhaustion. The values of AD confirm that there is motion in the frontal plane in ergometer rowing. 相似文献
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本实验通过测定全国甲级Ａ组足球运动员，在功率自行车上运动时及恢复期间心率、收缩压、舒张压、脉压差及平均动脉压的变化，发现心率、收缩压在负荷时适度平行升高，舒张压在负荷时适度下降（１２ｍｍＨｇ）．脉压差负荷时逐渐加大，平均动脉压负荷时稍有上升（１１ｍｍＨｇ），恢复期最为稳定，各项指标均在６—１２ｍｉｎ内恢复到安静水平。说明其运动潜力还很大，并指出应加强综合心功的能力训练来适应高强度训练中肌肉运动的需要。 相似文献
16.
The aim of this study was to compare accumulated oxygen deficit data derived using two different exercise protocols with the aim of producing a less time-consuming test specifically for use with athletes. Six road and four track male endurance cyclists performed two series of cycle ergometer tests. The first series involved five 10 min sub-maximal cycle exercise bouts, a VO2peak test and a 115% VO2peak test. Data from these tests were used to estimate the accumulated oxygen deficit according to the calculations of Medb? et al. (1988). In the second series of tests, participants performed a 15 min incremental cycle ergometer test followed, 2 min later, by a 2 min variable resistance test in which they completed as much work as possible while pedalling at a constant rate. Analysis revealed that the accumulated oxygen deficit calculated from the first series of tests was higher (P < 0.02) than that calculated from the second series: 52.3 +/- 11.7 and 43.9 +/- 6.4 ml x kg(-1), respectively (mean +/- s). Other significant differences between the two protocols were observed for VO2peak, total work and maximal heart rate; all were higher during the modified protocol (P < 0.01 and P < 0.02, respectively). Oxygen kinetics were also significantly faster during the modified 2 min maximal test. We conclude that the difference in accumulated oxygen deficit between protocols was probably due to a reduced oxygen uptake, possibly caused by a slower oxygen on-response during the 115% VO2peak test in the first series, and VO2-power output regression differences caused by an elevated VO2 during the early stages of the second series. 相似文献
17.
Miguel Sordi Bortolini Junior Guilherme Gularte De Agostini Ismair Teodoro Reis Romeu Paulo Martins Silva Lamounier Jeffrey B. Blumberg Foued Salmen Espindola 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):604-610
Saliva provides a convenient and noninvasive matrix for assessing specific physiological parameters, including some biomarkers of exercise. We investigated whether the total protein concentration of whole saliva (TPWS) would reflect the anaerobic threshold during an incremental exercise test. After a warm-up period, 13 nonsmoking men performed a maximum incremental exercise on a cycle ergometer. Blood and stimulated saliva were collected during the test. The TPWS anaerobic threshold (PAT) was determined using the Dmax method. The PAT was correlated with the blood lactate anaerobic threshold (AT; r = .93, p < .05). No significant difference (p = .16) was observed between PAT and AT. Thus, TPWS provides a convenient and noninvasive matrix for determining the anaerobic threshold during incremental exercise tests. 相似文献
18.
Fiona Wilson Conor Gissane John Gormley Ciaran Simms 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):132-142
Lumbar spine injury in rowers is common and ergometer rowing has been cited as a risk factor for this injury. The purpose of this study is to compare lumbar kinematics between ergometer and single scull rowing and to examine the effect of fatigue on kinematics. The sagittal lumbar spine motion of 19 elite male rowers (lumbar spine injury free in the previous six months) was measured with an electrogoniometer during a ‘step test’ on an ergometer and in a single sculling boat. Maximum range of lumbar flexion was recorded in standing for reference. Power output and heart rate were recorded during the ergometer tests. Heart rate was used as a surrogate for power output in the sculling test. Maximum lumbar flexion increased during the step test and was significantly greater on the ergometer (4.4° ± 0.9°change), compared with the boat (+1.3° ± 1.1°change), (3.1°difference, p = 0.035). Compared to the voluntary range of motion, there is an increase of 11.3% (ergometer) and 4.1% (boat). Lumbar spine flexion increases significantly during the course of an ergometer trial while changes in a sculling boat were minimal. Such differences may contribute to the recent findings linking ergometer use to lower-back injury. 相似文献
19.
D A Sedlock 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1991,62(2):213-216
This study was designed to examine the magnitude and duration of excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) following upper body exercise, using lower body exercise for comparison. On separate days and in a counterbalanced order, eight subjects (four male and four female) performed a 20-min exercise at 60% of mode-specific peak oxygen uptake (VO2) using an arm crank and cycle ergometer. Prior to each exercise, baseline VO2 and heart rate (HR) were measured during the final 15 min of a 45-min seated rest. VO2 and HR were measured continuously during the postexercise period until baseline VO2 was reestablished. No significant difference between the two experimental conditions was found for magnitude of EPOC (t [7] = 0.69, p greater than .05). Mean (+/- SD) values were 9.2 +/- 3.3 and 10.4 +/- 5.8 kcal for the arm crank and cycle ergometer exercises, respectively. Duration of EPOC was relatively short and not significantly different (t [7] = 0.24, p greater than .05) between the upper body (22.9 +/- 13.7 min) and lower body (24.2 +/- 19.4 min) exercises. Within the framework of the chosen exercise conditions, these results suggest EPOC may be related primarily to the relative metabolic rate of the active musculature, as opposed to the absolute exercise VO2 or quantity of active muscle mass associated with these two types of exercise. 相似文献
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《国家学生体质健康标准》中心血管机能评价指标同质性的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了分析《国家学生体质健康标准》中心血管功能评价指标的同质性和有效性，对16586名大学生进行体质健康测试，其中12202名大学生既参加台阶试验又参加800／1000m跑，而且为了得到最大摄氧量的数据，又选取参加台阶试验和800／1000m跑的学生195人进行12分钟跑测试。研究结果表明，大学生的台阶测试得分和耐久跑成绩得分有极其显著差异（P〈0．001）；男女大学生的台阶测试得分与耐久跑得分之间有显著相关性（男生r=0．347，Sig．=0．000；女生r=0．240，Sig．=0．000），但都呈现低度相关；台阶测试和耐久跑指标之间同质性低；男大学生最大耗氧量与台阶试验测试值、台阶试验得分有显著线性相关关系（h=0．417，P〈0．001）；男大学生最大耗氧量与1000m跑运动成绩及得分之间也有显著线性相关关系（r2=0．616，P〈0．001）。女大学生最大耗氧量与台阶试验测试值、台阶试验得分无显著线性相关关系（r3=0．163，P〉0．05）。最大耗氧量与800m跑运动成绩及得分之间却存在显著线性相关关系（r4=0．464，P〈0．001）。 相似文献