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我国部分优秀男子链球运动员旋转技术的运动学分析 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
陈洁敏 《西安体育学院学报》2000,17(2):49-52
旋转技术是掷链球技术中最关键的环节。通过两架高速摄影机 ,对我国部份优秀男子链球运动员的投掷技术进行了拍摄并解析 :在旋转时单双支撑时间分布 ,链球加速途径 ,重心变化及链球运行斜面变化等情况进行了运动学的分析 ,从中发现我国男子链球旋转技术中存在的一些问题 ,并提出了一些建议 ,以供训练时参考。 相似文献
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国内外女子链球优秀运动员旋转技术的运动学分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对获得第29界奥运会女子链球冠军的米安科娃和季军的张文秀的旋转技术进行拍摄,运用德国SIMI-motion录像解析系统对两位选手的技术进行解析.结果表明:两位选手在旋转阶段各时相的重心高度无显著性差异;但米安科娃的旋转速度显著高于张文秀,且单、双腿支持的时间及其比例、链球运行的斜面角、肩髋和肩链的角度等均优于张文秀. 相似文献
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使用两台松下M9000摄像机,对2001年第9届全国运动会的女子链球决赛进行现场三维立体拍摄。选取前6名运动员最好成绩的录像进行解析,获得了一些较全面的人体运动学数据。从运动学角度,对目前我国部分优秀女子链球运动员旋转技术的时空特征进行了综合定量分析。研究结果表明:研究对象旋转阶段的链球速度增量较低,旋转阶段链球速度增量达到最大值后,随着旋转的继续链球速度增量逐圈降低;旋转中右脚离地落地的时机存在“早抬早落”、“晚抬晚落”、“晚抬早落”三种现象;在旋转过程中,右脚落地形成双支撑瞬间肩髋轴间夹角大于足髋轴间夹角的现象,并随旋转的继续逐圈减小,这是导致运动员持续加速能力逐圈减弱及链球速度增量逐圈降低的原因之一。 相似文献
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研究目的:通过拍摄我国部分优秀女子链球运动员的动作,对影响和制约运动员成绩发挥的因素进行了分析和研究。研究方法:1)用立体定机拍摄法,获得运动员比赛视频录像;2)利用APAS运动图像分析系统对比赛视频进行解析,获得原始运动学参数;3)数字滤波法,对原始运动学参数进行低通滤波平滑,截断频率为8 Hz。研究结果:1)我国运动员双支撑时间不足;2)我国运动员普遍存在预摆动作不充分的现象,导致旋转第1圈链球速度增量过大,个别运动员在旋转过程中还出现了链球速度的负增长。3)我国运动员普遍采用"晚抬早落"的旋转技术以增加对链球的加速距离。研究结论:1)我国运动员应增加预摆末期的链球速度;2)运动员应在双支撑期尽量保持重心平稳过渡,以减少"转轮效应"对链球速度产生的影响;3)建议增加双支撑期时间。 相似文献
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陈老虎 《西安体育学院学报》2007,24(3):98-100
速度是掷链球旋转过程中的主要技术指标,也是提高链球运动成绩的关键。运用高速摄影对我国8名优秀女子链球运动员投掷过程中链球速度曲线进行了比较研究,表明运动员在链球旋转中存在着最后一圈速度下降明显,超越器械拉引角不足等关键技术问题。 相似文献
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掷链球旋转中足髋间的扭转 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
旋转掷链球是技术复杂的项目,运动员在最后用力前必须持球旋转三至四圈,旋转结束时,链球的速度可达最后出手速度的80％左右。因此,提高链球在旋转过程中的速度是取得好的运动成绩的一个重要因素。在旋转过程中,链球是围绕着通过运动员支撑脚为支点的轴进行转动,转动半径和转动角速度是影响链球 相似文献
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现代链球技术朝着快速度旋转的方向发展,加快旋转速度的训练,越来越被人们重视。对青少年链球运动员来说,打好基础,重点解决好旋转速度问题,对今后提高运动成绩具有重要的意义.本文根据链球运动的特点和结合本人从事链球训练、教学多年的体会,谈谈青少年链球运动员旋转速度训练的问题。一研究对象及方法: (1)研究对象: 省体校田径队男子少年链球运动员胡远亮,72年出生,身高1.85米,体重88公斤。一九八六年九月进校从事铁饼训练,一九八八年改链球。(2)研究方法: 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献
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影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩. 相似文献
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青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity. 相似文献