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1.
我国高等教育的公平性问题主要体现在高校区域分布不均,尤其是高水平大学区域分布不均问题更为突出。通过对985和211大学在东部、中部、西部分布的差异,以及二者在京津沪、高考大省及其他省分布的差异进行研究,并通过对东部、中部、西部985大学专任教师与新生人数的平均比重进行研究,可以发现我国985和211大学主要集中在东部地区和京津沪地区。由于985和211大学对本地生源的照顾,从而加剧了我国高等教育在区域上的不公平。相应的建议是:增加中西部985和211大学的数量并加大支持力度,985和211大学在各省的招生数要符合其人口比重等。 相似文献
2.
In globalization, global competence (GC) is a crucial competence for graduate students to possess; thus, graduate education should prepare students with GC to compete globally. However, no instrument has been designed to measure graduate students' GC, and the theoretical structure of GC has not been empirically examined. To fill these gaps, first, we developed the Global Competence Scale for graduate students (GCSG) based on a three-dimensional theoretical framework (knowledge, skills, and attitudes). Second, we administered the GCSG to Chinese graduate students sampled from five universities in Beijing. Third, we examined the theoretical framework, and examined the reliability and validity of the scale. Finally, we described the Chinese graduate student sample’s GC by using the instrument. The results supported the theoretical model and provided evidence for the reliability and validity of the instrument. We also found that the sample showed higher ratings in knowledge and attitudes but lower ratings in communication skills. 相似文献
3.
本研究主要基于软科中国最好大学排名2016—2020年高校生源质量(新生高考成绩)排名数据,运用中断式时间序列准实验方法中的单组时间序列实验法,分析了“双一流”政策对高校本科生源质量的影响。研究发现:“双一流”建设高校生源质量差异较大,但区间分布相对比较稳定;“双一流”政策对本科生源质量存在一定影响,38所985高校和67所211高校进一步巩固了生源质量的优势地位;3所进入一流大学建设名单的211高校和19所进入一流学科建设名单的非211高校,生源质量均有一定提升;原来生源质量较好但未进入“双一流”建设名单的高校,生源质量呈下降趋势。这是由政府资源投入的持续性、社会人才需求的导向性和大学自身发展的稳定性所决定的。 相似文献
4.
Joyce J. Kim 《Globalisation, Societies & Education》2019,17(5):622-637
ABSTRACTUniversities have increasingly pursued ‘world-class status’ and have prioritized internationalisation efforts. South Korean universities have accordingly invested billions of dollars in attracting foreign students and faculty, increasing English-medium instruction courses, and teaching curriculum related to global competence. This article applies a theory of cosmopolitanism to understand the relationship between global competence and student identity within internationalising South Korean universities. I argue that cosmopolitanism manifests in student identities at such universities in articulations that are contested and variegated. My findings suggest that cosmopolitanism demonstrates theoretical potential to conceptualise global competence in ways that overcome its critiques as Western-centric and elitist. 相似文献
5.
Hongbiao Yin 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2016,41(4):601-621
Viewing student engagement as a multidimensional construct, this study explored the motivation and engagement of undergraduate students in China. A sample of 1131 students from 10 full-time universities in Beijing participated in a survey. The results showed that the Motivation and Engagement Scale for university/college students is a promising and valid instrument for assessing student engagement in Chinese universities. Chinese undergraduates simultaneously performed well in both adaptive and maladaptive motivation and engagement, indicating some influence from the cultural context of China. Four categories of learners were generated according to their motivation and engagement characteristics. Some consistent patterns of individual differences related to gender, grade level, discipline and institution type were revealed. The results have implications for enhancing student engagement. 相似文献
6.
A world-class university in China? The case of Tsinghua 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Higher education, an integral part of China’s nation-building project, is a critical element in China’s strategic policy initiative
of building national strength through science and education. One way to achieve this goal is to develop a higher education
system of international stature. Perhaps more than any other country, through national programs such as 211 and 985, China
has been explicit in selecting its best universities for intensive investment, with the expressed aim of making them world-class
within coming decades, and contributing more to overall R&D and scientific development. Analysing how these top-tier universities
in China are reaching for the gold standard, and using Tsinghua University as an example, this article examines the role of
higher education in China’s rise and how Chinese universities are responding to the drive for innovation, against a background
of globalisation and internationalisation. It analyses the experience of Tsinghua, a Chinese flagship university, sometimes
dubbed ‘China’s MIT’, through an in-depth case study in an international context, seeking to answer the question of how far
Tinsghua embodies the qualities of a world-class university. 相似文献
7.
ABSTRACTIn the past few decades, the internationalisation of higher education has become an increasingly popular trend across different parts of the globe. The fierce global competition and the aggravating unemployment rate, coupled with low teaching and research quality revealed by universities in mainland China, have inevitably compelled a growing number of Chinese students, in particular the financially-able ones, to pursue higher education overseas or to enrol in transnational higher education offered in mainland China. Realising the severe problem of ‘brain drain’ and having a strong conviction to transform its higher education system to become more international for enhancing the global competitiveness of its higher education system, the Chinese government has made different attempts to enhance higher education quality by learning and incorporating new ideas and practices from overseas institutions, particularly encouraging the development of transnational higher education to change the higher education landscape. With particular reference to examining the way these students evaluate their future prospects in choosing different alternatives for further studies in higher education, this study sets out against the context briefly outlined above to critically analyse the motivation of students who choose to study abroad or enrol in Sino-foreign cooperation universities. This study also discusses the extent to which the internationalisation of higher education would affect the situations of ‘brain drain’ and graduate employment in China. 相似文献
8.
Based on the theoretical framework of self-regulated learning (SRL), the study aimed to examine whether the proposed relationship between classroom environment and students’ SRL was applicable in the case of Chinese readers. In this study, a questionnaire measuring students’ perception of reading instruction, strategy use, and reading motivation was completed by 1,654 Hong Kong and 2,006 Beijing students from grade 10. By comparing students from two different Chinese cities, the study also attempted to understand the learning attitudes and behaviors of students who share the same Confucian cultural backgrounds but experience different educational environments. The findings of this study indicated that the positive effects of perceived reading instruction on Chinese students’ SRL mainly came from strategy and metacognitive-based instruction, teacher support, and the nature of task. While both Hong Kong and Beijing students demonstrated a positive attitude towards their reading instruction as well as a positive degree of strategy use and reading motivation, significant area differences were found in nearly all measured variables. These findings have been discussed in the light of the contextual environments of the two Chinese cities. The study provides useful insights for understanding Chinese learners and Chinese classrooms from the perspective of SRL. 相似文献
9.
Hantian Wu 《Compare》2019,49(4):619-634
This study investigates China’s international student recruitment strategy and policies as a dimension of its present approach of using higher education internationalisation for soft power and image enhancement. An exploratory survey of international graduate students in English instruction programmes in education-related majors in three Chinese universities has been conducted to analyse their attitudes towards China’s approach. Quantitative analysis has been conducted on the survey data based on Holmes’s four-pattern taxonomy for analysing contextual features, which includes normative patterns, sociological laws, national conditions, and deep cultural roots. Qualitative data have been collected and analysed as a supplement. This study attempts to reveal the relations between international students’ source-country contextual features, identified based on Holmes’s taxonomy, and their attitudes towards China’s approach in international student recruitment. Policy suggestions are provided based on these findings. 相似文献
10.
This paper reports on a mixed-methods case study investigating how higher education staff and students understand, experience and envision the ‘international university’. As it is becoming clear that international student mobility is not in itself a panacea for universities seeking to internationalise, ‘internationalisation at home’ and ‘global citizenship’ are increasingly permeating university policy documents and mission statements. However, little is known about how students and staff on the ground perceive and experience these concepts. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected at one British university through focus groups (N = 19) and through an online survey (n = 148). Findings revealed a conventional mobility-focused understanding of the international university among students and staff, and a great deal of cynicism as regards ‘internationalisation at home’ and ‘global citizenship’. We discuss implications for practice and a research agenda. 相似文献
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This study investigated the relevance of filial piety and the three components of self‐determination, namely, competence, autonomy and relatedness, on academic motivation among Hong Kong Chinese secondary school students. A total of 461 students completed the questionnaire which consisted of five scales assessing attitudes towards filial piety, perceived scholastic competence, perceived autonomous support from parents, relatedness with parents and academic motivation. By using structural equation modelling, a predictive model of academic motivation, with filial piety, competence, autonomy, relatedness, age and gender as antecedents, was developed. All variables explained the prediction of academic motivation, with competence acted as the strongest effect, followed by relatedness and filial piety. The findings highlight the important contribution of the three self‐determination theory (SDT) components and the value of filial piety for Chinese adolescents' academic motivation. The implications of the findings for future research and educational practice were discussed. 相似文献
13.
目前,全国高校中对外汉语教学机构所培养的学生来自国内与国外,所培养的层次包括非学历教育与本科、硕士、博士层次的学历教育。文章通过对国内高校对外汉语教学机构培养类型的统计和分析发现：针对外国留学生的汉语教学和针对中国学生的对外汉语本科是人才培养类型的主体;培养类型与院校类别有关,＂985＂高校、＂211＂高校在培养对象的多样性、培养类型的综合性方面好于非＂211＂高校,教育部属院校好于省属院校;存在的主要问题是部分具有对外汉语本科的院校培养结构不够合理,学生缺乏教学观摩与实践所需的资源。 相似文献
14.
Internationalisation has been actively pursued by Hong Kong’s universities. Recent years have witnessed quantitative growth in non-local students. To ensure a qualitative success of internationalisation, it is crucial that universities cater for students with diverse academic backgrounds. This research explored challenges to academic adaptation. Focus group interviews were conducted with 124 local, mainland Chinese and international students at four Hong Kong universities. Findings revealed variation in academic adaptation challenges. First, adaptation to an English-medium-of-instruction was a concern for local and mainland Chinese students, while international students noted that limited English proficiency among other students undermined classroom discussions and led to tensions in group projects. Second, local students faced challenges in adapting to a wider range of assessment modes and academic writing, while mainland Chinese and international students reported how teacher-student relations and teaching approaches differed from prior educational experiences. Implications for the delivery of higher education amid internationalisation are discussed. 相似文献
15.
《Chinese Education & Society》2013,46(5):19-30
China's 985 Project, which came after the 211 Project, is a key program of the Chinese government to create world-class universities and high-level research universities. The central government invested a total of RMB32.9 billion in special funds for phase I (1999-2001) and phase II (2004-2007) of the project, assisting thirty-nine universities. After the establishment of the 985 Project, the international competitiveness and internationalization level of its participating institutions were significantly increased; there were improvements in their technological innovation capacity; and their leading position in China's higher education system was further consolidated. There are still large gaps, however, between the 985 Project schools and world-class universities in terms of leading research and top-notch researchers. The implementation of the 985 Project has not fundamentally changed the research models or research culture at the participating universities. At the same time, the selection procedures for 985 schools are not open to the public. The universities selected gain a variety of immense tangible and intangible benefits, whereas schools not selected have in many ways lost a fair opportunity to compete. 相似文献
16.
QING GU 《European Journal of Education》2009,44(1):37-52
Increasing global competition for students has witnessed an ever more rapid internationalisation of higher education. In the case of the UK, there has been a major influx of Chinese students to British universities since the launch of the British Government's long-term worldwide educational campaign in 1999. Drawing upon evidence from an extensive review of the literature on the internationalisation of higher education, this article will explore variations in Chinese students' intercultural adaptation to the British higher education environment. Discussion of their experiences will be based upon a synthesis of findings of three studies, led by the author, investigating the pedagogical, sociocultural and psychological challenges that they have encountered when studying in British universities.
Evidence from these studies suggests that despite various challenges and struggles, most students have managed to survive the demands of the learning and the living environment and to adapt and develop. Analysis of their learning experiences suggests that this learning process spans a developmental continuum involving the students in overcoming emotional tensions arising from changes in their cognition, their sense of identity and sociocultural values. A holistic and developmental perspective is thus required to understand changes in students' perceptions and values as part of their wider adaptation to the academic conventions of their host countries. The findings will make an original contribution to understandings of the impact of the internationalisation of higher education on individuals' learning, change and development. 相似文献
Evidence from these studies suggests that despite various challenges and struggles, most students have managed to survive the demands of the learning and the living environment and to adapt and develop. Analysis of their learning experiences suggests that this learning process spans a developmental continuum involving the students in overcoming emotional tensions arising from changes in their cognition, their sense of identity and sociocultural values. A holistic and developmental perspective is thus required to understand changes in students' perceptions and values as part of their wider adaptation to the academic conventions of their host countries. The findings will make an original contribution to understandings of the impact of the internationalisation of higher education on individuals' learning, change and development. 相似文献
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18.
麻省理工学院作为世界一流大学,其工科创新创业人才的培养经验具有重要借鉴意义。麻省理工学院的工科创新创业人才培养主要从培养学生的全球胜任力,支持学生开展创新创业活动,支持学生开展创客活动,强化学生的领导能力,提供灵活自由的学位课程等方面展开。这为我国高校开展新工科人才培养提供了重要启示。 相似文献
19.
优势高校(如“985”高校、“211”大学)学生获得的社会尊重,如果在人才选拔中演绎成简单的符号尊重(如限定为资格条件),这对于弱势高校学生和其他社会人才而言,其公平权力被剝夺就是一种隐性的符号歧视.在“不拘一格选人才”、“培养人才”成为制度化规定的情况下,这是一个与促进公平的国家教育政策相悖的误区.它对优势高校的学术精神、弱势高校的生存发展、基础教育的优质均衡发展,都可能产生负面影响. 相似文献
20.
Steve Coxon & Kristofor Wiley 《Roeper Review》2013,35(4):273-274
Discrepancies exist between the research literature on the social competence of gifted children and educators’ subjective experience of their students’ social problems. Five alternative hypotheses are examined which may account for discrepancies in these perspectives. To resolve these discrepancies between experience and experiment, five areas of change are suggested to improve research on the social competence of gifted children. 相似文献