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为解决运动图像中人体关节自动快速定位问题,提出了一种体育运动序列图像中人体关节定位的快速算法,进而从运动序列图像中提取运动信息。该方法用序列图像前帧图像中关节位置的先验知识和差异图像判断运动关节,对运动关节在前后帧中进行块匹配,得到后帧图像中人体关节的精确位置,继而计算出需要的运动参数。其中许多前提条件和假设都是基于高速摄像机或摄影机拍摄的图像。分析过程中,首帧图像的关节位置由人工输入,作为先验知识,以后的分析过程由计算机自动进行,分析结果迅速准确。 相似文献
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采用Eye-link Ⅱ型高速眼动追踪系统及其外设,以8名高水平定向老手和8名定向新手为被试,以定向比赛地图为运动情景片段,对定向选手读图的眼动特征进行实验研究,探究了定向选手读图的视觉注意策略,对比了运动新手和老手的视觉注意策略差异.研究结果显示:1)工作记忆负荷将影响定向选手的视觉注意加工能力.在时间制约和任务制约条件下,定向老手组在注视时间、注视次数、眼跳幅度、前5个注视点、注视轨迹等方面都与新手组有显著性差异.2)老手组被试呈现出更加高效的目标任务导向的注意控制策略.老手以检查点数字为序进行搜索,优先搜索各点标之间的地形特征符号以及各点标的地形位置,从而制定路线.而新手优先搜索起止点和每个点标位置,忽略了优先考虑点标之间的行进路线.3)长期的专门训练可改善个体视觉注意策略.老手的视觉注视策略体现了视觉选择性注意控制机制两种类型——自上而下的目标导向(goal-directed)注意机制和自下而上的刺激驱动(stimulus-driven)注意机制的相互作用及高效整合. 相似文献
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本文提出一种基于Laplace谱和“匈牙利算法”的匹配算法。该算法首先通过递增权值函数,分别对两幅待匹配图像的特征点构造Laplace矩阵,并对其进行奇异值分解;然后通过分解后的矩阵特征向量,构造一个初始的匹配关系矩阵,并结合匈牙利算法变换该矩阵,最后得到新的匹配矩阵。实验结果表明,该算法能够达到较高的匹配效果。 相似文献
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三维影像分析是运动生物力学的重要研究手段之一,广泛地应用于运动技术分析和诊断中.三维跟踪扫描影像分析方法就是摄像机跟踪运动目标来记录运动的图像,并通过专门的图像解析系统解算得到运动目标空间实际三维坐标的方法.应用SIMI Motion的Pan/Tilt/Zoom功能来实现三维跟踪扫描录像分析,并对所得到的三维测量数据的精度进行评价和分析.研究结果表明,在相同的坐标参考系下,由全站仪和影像分析测量得到的24个点的三维空间绝对坐标的平均相差值为0.018±0.003 m,三维跟踪扫描影像测量的相对误差可以达到1.97%,这样的测量精度可满足运动技术分析的要求.介绍了实现三维跟踪扫描影像分析的全过程,对影响测量精度的因素进行了初步的分析,并提出了应采取的相应措施. 相似文献
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近年来,BeiDou的应用日益广泛,在精密单点定位解算、BeiDou基线解算、站坐标解算等应用中,需要大量iGMAS站点观测数据。为了满足iGMAS跟踪站对数据传输的要求,实现智能化数据上传,作者研制了基于Linux QT下的iGMAS服务数据专用FTP客户端。实验测试结果表明：该软件操作简单,能快速准确地实现数据传输功能。 相似文献
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结合对人体运动过程进行序列图像分析处理的例子，给出了一种应用于运动人体的区域预测跟踪方法及适用于运动人体部位的特征点的选取方法，并给出其匹配算法。 相似文献
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利用PSD红外光点摄象机实时拍摄物体上设置的红外光点图像,可以给出红外光点的二维坐标,而通过摄影测量理论的DLT算法,则可实时对物体上红外光点进行三维动态定位。本文详细地介绍了基于这一方法的系统构成和实现,同时用实例说明了它在运动信息检测方面的诸多应用。 相似文献
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灾害前后。感图像全局结构相对稳定不变,特征点遍布在全局形状中,形状上下文采用对数极坐标系,对小距离变化区分度高而中长距离区分度低,本文提出了一种基于自适应阈值距离分段坐标系的傅里《相对形状上下(SAT-RFSC),SAT-RFSC使用特征点的距离,计算描述算子的自适应阈值(SAT)得到坐标系,这种自适应距离分段坐标系提高了特征描述符中长距离的区分度。相对傅里《形状上下文(RFSC)实现了算法的旋转不变性。使用RANSAC方法计算仿射变换矩阵实现配准。实验结果证明：本文提出的SAT-RFSC能实现大范围旋转角度变化图像配准。配准精度显著高于传统SIFT算法,和对数极坐标系和对数坐标系划分法相比,SAT具有更高的距离区分度。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献