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本文在研究大量运动方法和训练实践积累以及在研究设计的基础上为运动员、教练员和运动训练学研究人员提供了对于自行车项目有参考价值的信息。有很多因素会影响自行车运动水平的发挥,在诸多因素中,空气动力学是一项主要的限制因素,是需要自行车运动员必须克服的,这可以通过设备技术的改进和身体姿势结构的改变来调整。完成从身体机能到自行车骑行训练的功率转换首先要考虑到自行车的构造和骑行的身体位置。 相似文献
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在短跑运动比赛、训练过程中,青少年运动员会经常出现运动损伤的情况,这不仅不利于青少年运动员的运动水平发挥,也会对其身体造成不利影响。因此,教练员需要提前做好青少年短跑运动员运动损伤预防工作。本文采用文献资料法等,分析青少年运动员短跑中容易造成运动损伤的原因,提出几点预防策略,旨为减少青少年短跑运动员运动损伤情况的出现。 相似文献
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世居高原运动员有较好的耐缺氧能力,为探讨他们上到更高高原训练身体机能状态变化的规律,对13名世居昆明(1890m)的男、女自行车运动员到更高海拔地香格里拉(3200m)的训练进行研究,分析训练安排、运动员身体机能变化以评价训练效果。研究表明,世居高原运动员更高高原训练的安排基本与平原运动员高原训练一致;更高海拔训练时,在合理的训练安排下,运动员的尿常规、血红蛋白、血清肌酸激酶、血尿素、血乳酸等指标随训练负荷的变化在正常范围内波动,与平原运动员的高原训练变化规律基本相同;高原训练过程中,运动员红细胞和血清睾酮水平先升后降,训练后较之前有上升,白细胞趋于下降,可能是高原缺氧和训练安排的综合影响造成。结论世居高原自行车运动员已经适应高原环境,上更高海拔训练是承受更大缺氧刺激,提高机体机能水平的有效方法;经过多次更高海拔的训练,自行车运动员的缺氧适应会逐渐提高。建议以后的实践中大胆增加运动负荷,以期取得更好的训练效果。 相似文献
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目的:研究以备战十二庙全运会浙江省场地自行车短距离组运动员为研究对象,通过冬训期间生化指标的测试,探讨和试图发现冬训引起自行车运动员身体机能的变化规律,达到在冬训期间对运动员的身体机能和训练强度进行有效的监控和调整的效果,为自行车项目的体育科研实践提供一定的理论依据。方法:在整个冬季训练周期内,对自行车运动员的Hb、BUN、CK、T四项指标进行系统的长期监控。结果:冬训前后自行车运动员Hb、BUN、CK、T处于正常标准范围,在整个冬训期间,Hb、BUN、CK、T随运动负荷的变化经历了周期性变化,其中BUN和CK均出现显著性差异(P<0.05)或非常显著性差异(P<0.01),而Hb和T(除第3周外)均未出现显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:①冬训期间运动员Hb、CK、T随运动负荷的变化而变化,女子运动员对上述生化指标的敏感度要高于男子运动员。②BUN维持在一个较高的水平上可能并不会对场地自行车短距离运动员的运动成绩带来太大的影响。③由于运动员所能承受的负荷量和强度都不尽相同,相同负荷量和强度所产生的机能反应也不会相同,进一步分析时需要结合个体生理生化指标和训练计划完成情况进行综合考虑,从而提高测定分析的准确性。 相似文献
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为了进一步科学地监控田径运动训练,检查了业余田径训练运动员的心电图.结果发现有6例心电图出现ST-T改变,占12.5%,其主要原因为(1)感冒后持续大运动量训练,未调整运动量,造成心肌一过性损害.(2)由于训练不当引起过度疲劳和过度训练,造成心肌缺血.(3) ,超负荷训练而得不到较好的恢复.此外,吸烟和饮酒可能也是造成心电图ST-T改变的原因.结果提示,业余田径运动员心电图ST-T改变作为衡量训练状态的重要指标在实际工作中是可行的,心电图是田径运动员医务监督中一种值得提倡的检测手段. 相似文献
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在越野和公路赛跑中,有些运动员似乎很轻松地跑上斜坡,而另一些人则就显得很费气力。当然调节好身体姿势是一个很主要的因素,这就正象通常所说的那样,它要涉及到生物力学问题。有关生物力学原理和物理学的知识能帮助运动员,根据他们的身体条件,而选择跑斜坡时的最好姿势。在生物力学原理中,首先重要的是要了解身体的重心和有关运动的定律。人的身体重心总是处于他的体重集中点。尽管人的不同形态结构可以影响身体的重 相似文献
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运动时体内代谢过程加快,代谢产物增加,内环境发生暂时的改变,从而使机体的一些指标和血液中的某些成分发生变化,例如:心率、血乳酸等。文章选择8名同学进行不同负荷跑,记录跑后即刻心率、血乳酸和运动成绩,了解不同负荷后的身体反应以及三者之间的关系。结果表明:大强度负荷后,不同项目中,血乳酸和心率并不呈同步变化趋势,心率指标的灵敏度较低,而血乳酸指标能够比较敏感地反应运动员承受不同负荷时身体机能的变化。 相似文献
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不同步频和步幅的5km跑过程中运动员心率变化的对比研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了观察中长跑运动员长距离跑过程中步频和步幅的变化对身体机能反应的影响,8名运动员在跑台上分别采取主动加大步幅和主动减小步幅而增快步频的跑法,以相同的速度进行了两次5km跑,记录运动员在跑步过程中心率的变化并进行对比。结果显示,在相同速度5km跑的过程中,运动员采取主动减小步幅的跑法,其心率均值显著低于采取主动加大步幅的跑法。提示,长距离跑过程中,运动员采取主动减小步幅,或加大步频的跑法较为省力。 相似文献
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BMX运动,是自行车项目中的一类小项,因其富于挑战性、观赏性和技巧性等特点而风靡全球。由于BMX的专项特点,使得比赛中运动员对自身的要求非常全面。在比赛的整个过程中BMX运动员是在高速运动中充分发挥自己的技战术水平,以灵敏、流畅、完美、顺利的完成各种高难度动作,并与对手进行激烈拼搏,最终获胜。为了提高运动员技术水平,使其在比赛中正常发挥,运动员必须具备良好的力量基础,对于BMX的运动员而言快速力量尤为重要,否则技术将得不到全面提高和发展,在比赛中,也无法以最快的速度战胜对手。 相似文献
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山地自行车运动员的力量训练 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山地自行车运动员的力量素质对运动成绩有极大影响,通过对运动员一般力量、专项力量、核心力量训练的分析,来探讨如何提升山地自行车运动员的力量训练。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to extend understanding of how athletes and coaches in a women’s cycling talent development and selection programme negotiate and normalise athlete abuse in the media. A thematic analysis of six online cycling magazine articles and their representations of the Australian women’s elite cycling development camp was analysed to explore athletic abuse and the (re)production of coaching practices using Bourdieusian theory. The findings revealed a link between the expression of coaching practice and the maltreatment of athletes. Analysis of these articles also revealed that athletes were complicit in the normalisation of coaching practices through the misrecognition of social power embedded in the coaching intervention. The representations by athletes within the articles contributed narratives related to the reproduction and proliferation of abusive coaching practices. This study extends understanding of how taken for granted and power laden aspects of coaching practices can be presented in the media and highlights the implications for coaches, athletes and the general public that consume online cycling media content. 相似文献
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我国场地自行车青少年运动员训练特点及分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用文献资料法、访谈法、观察法、调查法等方法,对中国场地自行车项目青少年运动员训练内容、负荷安排和训练方法、手段等问题进行调查研究。研究结论:1)训练起步较晚,缺乏长时间系统有效培养,而运动成绩却提高较快;2)心理培养未得到应有的重视;3)训练负荷偏高,出现训练负荷的成人化现象;4)体能训练方法较丰富,技、战术与心理方面的训练方法较传统、陈旧、重视程度不够。 相似文献
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A review of existing mathematical models for velodrome cycling suggests that cyclists and cycling coaches could benefit from an improved simulation tool. A continuous mathematical model for cycling has been developed that includes calculated slip and steering angles and, therefore, allows for resulting variation in rolling resistance. The model focuses on aspects that are particular, but not unique, to velodrome cycling but could be used for any cycling event. Validation of the model is provided by power meter, wheel speed and timing data obtained from two different studies and eight different athletes. The model is shown to predict the lap by lap performance of six elite female athletes to an average accuracy of 0.36% and the finishing times of two elite athletes competing in a 3-km individual pursuit track cycling event to an average accuracy of 0.20%. Possible reasons for these errors are presented. The impact of speed on steering input is discussed as an example application of the model. 相似文献
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The development of peak performances is a main research focus in sports science. It is unclear how many former top junior athletes achieve success in the elite class later. The aim of the present study was to examine the careers of athletes who participated in major junior or adult/elite cycling events using prospective and retrospective analysis of competition results. The official results of major junior (age < or = 18 years) and elite (age > 18 years) cycling races from 1980 to 2004 were analysed. Age-related aspects, career lengths, and success were compared between riders who presented results in both junior and elite races (JUNIOR ELITE) and riders who had no junior race results (ELITE ONLY). Altogether, 27,454 results of 8004 athletes from 108 countries were collected. We found that 29.4% of the elite athletes had participated in junior World Championships, and that 34% of the participants in junior World Championships later participated in major elite competitions. JUNIOR ELITE athletes are significantly more successful in several cycling disciplines and have their first and last elite result at a younger age than ELITE ONLY athletes. No difference was found in career lengths. The data presented here emphasize the importance of long-term training programmes in the development of peak performance in cycling. 相似文献
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文章从力学的角度和形态学方面,对自行车踏蹬一周中的受力情况,选取六个点(6个角度)的踏蹬技术特征,来进行分析研究,以帮助运动员形成正确的踏蹬骑行动作。 相似文献
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Yorck Olaf Schumacher Roman Mroz Peter Mueller Andreas Schmid Gerta Ruecker 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1149-1156
Abstract The development of peak performances is a main research focus in sports science. It is unclear how many former top junior athletes achieve success in the elite class later. The aim of the present study was to examine the careers of athletes who participated in major junior or adult/elite cycling events using prospective and retrospective analysis of competition results. The official results of major junior (age ≤ 18 years) and elite (age > 18 years) cycling races from 1980 to 2004 were analysed. Age-related aspects, career lengths, and success were compared between riders who presented results in both junior and elite races (JUNIOR ELITE) and riders who had no junior race results (ELITE ONLY). Altogether, 27,454 results of 8004 athletes from 108 countries were collected. We found that 29.4% of the elite athletes had participated in junior World Championships, and that 34% of the participants in junior World Championships later participated in major elite competitions. JUNIOR ELITE athletes are significantly more successful in several cycling disciplines and have their first and last elite result at a younger age than ELITE ONLY athletes. No difference was found in career lengths. The data presented here emphasize the importance of long-term training programmes in the development of peak performance in cycling. 相似文献