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1.
目的 探讨周期性大强度运动训练对曲棍球运动员机体免疫功能的影响。方法 在男子曲棍球运动员进行为期16周的大强度运动训练期间，于训练前、第1阶段训练、第2阶段训练及训练结束后的第2天清晨抽取静脉血，测定白细胞计数、免疫球蛋白、炎症细胞因子、皮质醇、血糖等指标。结果 白细胞计数在整个训练过程中无明显变化。IgG、IgA于第1阶段训练后显著升高（P<0.05），训练后降至最低水平（P<0.05）;IgM在训练后出现显著性降低（P<0.01）；皮质醇持续性升高（P<0.05），而血糖则持续性下降，在训练结束后降至最低水平（P<0.01）。IL-6在训练结束后显著性升高（P<0.05）;IL-10及IL-10/TNF-α比值在第1阶段训练结束时极显著降低（P<0.01），然后开始上升，但未恢复至训练前水平（P<0.01）;TNF-α在第1阶段训练结束明显升高，并保持高浓度至训练结束（P<0.05）。结论 大强度运动训练引起IgG、IgA、IgM以及血糖的显著性降低，皮质醇显著升高，促炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α显著增加，抗炎症因子IL-10及... 相似文献
2.
通过连续观察皮艇运动员血清免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM以及补体C3、C4对运动训练的应答特征,揭示长期、系统从事皮艇专项训练对人体体液免疫的影响。以河北省皮艇队25名运动员为实验对象,其中二级运动员12人,一级以上运动员13人(含一级)。自冬训第一周开始,连续17周跟踪记录血清IgA、IgG、IgM以及补体C3、C4值。结果发现:大部分免疫指标值时常低于临床正常值,且训练年限较长者相对更低;训练负荷的变化对各项免疫指标均有不同程度的影响,IgG及补体C3变化最为显著。大强度训练周及测验周后免疫指标下降显著,进入调整周后缓慢回升。 相似文献
3.
优秀赛艇运动员免疫功能对2000m模拟比赛的应答性反应和恢复特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过评价优秀赛艇运动员免疫机能对模拟专项比赛负荷的应答性反应与恢复特征,为运动员免疫功能的调理提供科学依据.结果发现:(1)优秀运动员安静状态时的免疫指标明显低于正常值,表明经过长期的大强度专业训练,运动员的免疫功能明显降低;(2)在赛后即刻,白细胞总数及各亚类均显著升高,但各亚类升幅不等;(3)赛后3h,淋巴细胞、中间细胞、免疫球蛋白与补体水平均显著下降并接近或达到运动前水平,但中性粒细胞则逆势大幅度上升,白细胞总数略有降低,各亚类再次显著改变;(4)赛后24h,绝大多数免疫指标均已基本恢复至赛前水平,但中间细胞、淋巴细胞与C4却在赛后3 h已恢复的基础上发生程度不等的回升,可能与白细胞3种亚类各自的移行方向、生物学作用及调节机制不同有关. 相似文献
4.
补充乳清蛋白对少年武术运动员免疫机能的影响观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究乳清蛋白对少年武术运动员训练过程中免疫机能的影响，对26名12-15岁的少年武术运动员进行分组研究观察，在膳食和训练内容及强度等同的情况下，研究补充乳清蛋白实验组运动员和补充安慰剂的对照组运动员三个月后免疫机能的变化，结果表明：经三个月训练后，实验组免疫机能指标（IgA、IgM、IgG）都极显著性升高（P〈0．01），对照组免疫机能指标（IgA、IgM、IgG）都显著性升高（P〈0．05）；各指标的升高幅度相比，实验组极显著性高于对照组（P〈0．01）。说明补充乳清蛋白有利于提高少年武术运动员的免疫能力。 相似文献
5.
为了了解我国优秀速滑运动员赛前阶段的机体免疫情况。对齐齐哈尔市冬季运动项目管理中心速滑队的8名女子1500m项目运动员赛前训练阶段的IgG、IgM、IgA及IL-2、IL-6的水平进行测定。结果显示,IgM在赛前第二周下降可能与IL-2的降低、皮质醇的升高有关。sIL-2R浓度的升高中和活化了的T淋巴细胞周围的IL-2,降低IL-2介导的免疫反应,使T淋巴细胞逐渐静息,导致机体免疫功能受到抑制。处于应激状态的特定环境之中,以及免疫功能失调均可使IL-6的分泌水平升高;从肌源性IL-6的角度分析,IL-6的逐渐升高也可能与速滑运动员的运动负荷增加和滑行的肌肉收缩方式有关。皮质醇含量逐渐上升,可能与调控IL-2降低其水平有关。 相似文献
6.
赛前强化训练对优秀田径运动员B淋巴细胞免疫功能的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
李军 《天津体育学院学报》2004,19(2):48-50
通过对广东省田径队参加“2000年全国田径锦标赛”优秀短跨项目运动员四周大强度训练和比赛的跟踪调查,观察大强度长时间训练和比赛对其机体B淋巴细胞免疫系统功能的影响。结果显示:长时间大强度训练对高水平田径运动员免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM影响不大,但IgG始终低于正常水平,呈显著性差异(P<0.05);整个训练和比赛中,唾液分泌型免疫球蛋白(SIgA)呈现对抗原刺激后的增加,训练后与正常值比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),比赛后与正常值比较,有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结果提示:高水平田径短跨项目运动员赛前大强度长时间训练不会对血清免疫球蛋白含量产生太大影响,但唾液SIgA则会显著性升高,表明黏膜免疫系统功能良好,不存在“开窗现象”。以上结果可能与训练水平或良好的心理应激状态有关。 相似文献
7.
冬训期赛艇运动员免疫功能指标的观察与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以优秀赛艇运动员为研究对象，以外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和血浆免疫球蛋白、白细胞及其分类计数为免疫检测指标，观察了较长时间大负荷量训练对运动员免疫功能的影响。主要结果和结论：赛艇运动员冬训期CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值低于正常人平均值且差异显著，提示运动员机体免疫受到抑制；赛艇运动员冬训期白细胞及其分类计数均处正常值较低水平，而IgA、IgG、IgM属正常值范围。 相似文献
8.
9.
为了解冬训期大负荷训练对网球运动员机体免疫功能和某些生化指标的影响,对10名备战第15届全国大学生网球锦标赛的优秀男网球运动员进行为期4周的大负荷训练,观察运动训练对其部分生化及免疫指标的影响,结果显示：大负荷训练4周后,运动员CK、LDH和C均极显著升高（P〈0.01）,BU显著升高（P〈0.05）,而IgM、IgA、CD4^＋、CD4^＋/CD8^＋、T/C比值均极显著下降（P〈0.01）,Hb、T和IgG显著下降（P〈0.05）。本文对生化及免疫学指标进行了综合分析,评定了运动员的机能状态,选择最佳的训练方法,提高训练效果,从而提高运动员的运动能力。 相似文献
10.
模拟低住高练(LoHi)对自行车运动员免疫功能的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
目的：研究3周模拟LoHi对自行车运动员免疫功能的影响。方法：8名男性自行车运动员进行3周模拟LoHi，监测T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞、免疫球蛋白和白细胞的变化情况。结果：训练1周各指标无显著变化；训练后2周CD4和CD4／CDs下降，NK细胞活性增加，白细胞总数和淋巴细胞数量先增加后持续下降。结论：LoHi 1周不会影响机体的免疫功能，但是3周的LoHi及随后2周的常规训练可使机体的免疫功能开始出现下降趋势；LoHi监控过程中血清免疫球蛋白的有效性较差；白细胞总数和淋巴细胞数量对LoHi监控具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):52-66
This review will examine the effects of exercise and training on immune func-tion and will discuss the methodological problems that limit the interpretation of many exercise immunology studies. Acute bouts of exercise cause a tempo-rary depression of various aspects of immune function, such as neutrophil oxidative burst, lymphocyte proliferation, monocyte MHC class II expression, and natural killer cell cytotoxic activity, that will usually last for approximately three to 24 hours after exercise, depending on the intensity and duration of the exercise bout. Post-exercise immune function depression is most pronounced when the exercise is continuous, prolonged (<1.5 hours), of moderate to high intensity (55-75% VO2max), and performed without food intake. Periods of intensified training that result in overreaching have been shown to chronically depress immune function—i.e., immune cell functions measured at rest are still depressed 24 hours after the last exercise bout. Although elite athletes are not clinically immune deficient, it is possible that the combined effects of small changes in several immune parameters may compromise resistance to common minor illnesses such as upper respiratory tract infection. Protracted immune depression linked with prolonged training may determine susceptibility to infection, particularly at times of major competitions. 相似文献
12.
Makras P Koukoulis GN Bourikas G Papatheodorou G Bedevis K Menounos P Pappas D Kartalis G 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(8):825-834
In this study, we assessed the effects of a 4 week basic military physical training programme for male recruits of the Hellenic Air Force on the number and distribution of circulating immune cells and adrenergic and adrenocortical hormonal responses. One group of recruits (exercised, n = 48) participated in moderate intermittent physical exercise, whereas a second group (non-exercised controls, n = 9) performed only light work in the barracks. Both groups participated in the same non-physical, classroom-type training and testing. Military training by the exercised group resulted in significant increases in CD4+ T-lymphocytes, renal cortisol excretion and the urinary noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio, together with reductions in neutrophils and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. In the exercised group, the urinary noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio correlated positively with the training-induced changes in CD4+ T-lymphocytes and negatively with changes in the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. No significant relationship was found between training-induced increases in cortisol excretion and any of the peripheral blood cell alterations. Our results indicate that 4 weeks of military training consisting of intermittent moderate exercise resulted in a significant increase in CD4+ T-lymphocytes and reduction in neutrophils. These changes were probably driven by alterations in hormonal status, including the significant impact of sympathetic nervous system activation. 相似文献
13.
Polyzois Makras George N Koukoulis George Bourikas George Papatheodorou Konstantinos Bedevis Panagiotis Menounos 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):825-834
In this study, we assessed the effects of a 4 week basic military physical training programme for male recruits of the Hellenic Air Force on the number and distribution of circulating immune cells and adrenergic and adrenocortical hormonal responses. One group of recruits (exercised, n = 48) participated in moderate intermittent physical exercise, whereas a second group (non-exercised controls, n = 9) performed only light work in the barracks. Both groups participated in the same non-physical, classroom-type training and testing. Military training by the exercised group resulted in significant increases in CD4?+? T-lymphocytes, renal cortisol excretion and the urinary noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio, together with reductions in neutrophils and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. In the exercised group, the urinary noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio correlated positively with the training-induced changes in CD4?+? T-lymphocytes and negatively with changes in the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. No significant relationship was found between training-induced increases in cortisol excretion and any of the peripheral blood cell alterations. Our results indicate that 4 weeks of military training consisting of intermittent moderate exercise resulted in a significant increase in CD4?+? T-lymphocytes and reduction in neutrophils. These changes were probably driven by alterations in hormonal status, including the significant impact of sympathetic nervous system activation. 相似文献
14.
不同低氧训练方式对红细胞调控T淋巴细胞免疫及亚群的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
观察不同低氧训练方式对红细胞调控T淋巴细胞免疫及亚群的影响。用低氧舱模拟4000m高原低氧环境（12．6％氧浓度），将50只SD雄性大鼠随机平分为5组：高住高训组（HiHi）、高住低训组（HiLo）、高住对照组（HiCo）、低住低训组（LoLo）和低住对照组（LoCo）。实验4周，每周6天游泳，1天休息，每天训练1．5h。实验结束后，同时取腹主动脉血，用流式细胞仪检测红细胞CD48、CD59荧光强度和T淋巴细胞CD2^＋％、CD3^＋％、CD4^＋％、CD8^＋％。结果发现，红细胞CD48、CD59表达和T淋巴细胞CD2^＋％、CD3^＋％、CD4^＋％、CD8^＋％大致趋势是HiHi组〈HiCo组〈HiLo组〈LoCo组〈LoLo组，各组间CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。提示：1）低氧暴露可能会降低红细胞调控T淋巴细胞免疫能力；常氧环境中运动有可能促进红细胞调节T淋巴细胞免疫；2）低氧暴露和常氧环境中训练都有可能影响T淋巴细胞总数；3）不同低氧训练方式中CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值没有显著性差异。 相似文献
15.
通过观察桑拿高温脱水恢复期运动时免疫细胞的变化,并与常温条件下相同运动负荷时相比较,探讨桑拿高温脱水恢复期运动对免疫细胞的影响.方法:16名身体健康的体育系男子大学生随机分为两组单纯运动组(n=8)和桑拿后运动组(n=8),分别在不同条件下进行递增负荷运动:(1)常温条件,25℃,相对湿度60%;(2)进行桑拿浴后,常... 相似文献
16.
Umeda T Suzukawa K Takahashi I Yamamoto Y Tanabe M Kojima A Katagiri T Matsuzaka M Totsuka M Nakaji S Sugawara N 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(9):897-904
To clarify the physical and mental fatigue caused by intense exercise and the relationship between the two types of fatigue, we examined changes in anthropometric and biochemical variables, neutrophil function, and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire in 13 female university judoists attending a one-week training camp. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, haemoglobin, leukocyte count, IgG, and phagocytic activity all decreased after the training camp compared with baseline (P < or = 0.046). Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and neutrophil oxidative burst activity increased after the training camp (P < or = 0.007). Of the POMS scores, that for Fatigue increased after the training camp (P = 0.041) and that for Vigour decreased (P = 0.042). The changes in several POMS scores correlated with the changes in blood biochemical variables. In particular, the change in Total mood disturbance was negatively associated with changes in myogenic enzymes (P < or = 0.032). Our results suggest that intense exercise during training camps for female judoists leads to the appearance and accumulation of mental and physical fatigue, which are related to each other. 相似文献
17.
急性运动对人体细胞免疫功能的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为探讨运动对细胞免疫功能的影响 ,检测了 7名男子田径运动员 1次急性疲劳性运动前和运动后即刻、3h、2 4 h的外周血 T淋巴细胞转化 (TL T)、白细胞介素 - 2 (IL- 2 )活性和皮质醇及胰岛素浓度的变化。结果 :在运动后即刻 ,TL T显著增强 ,IL- 2活性和血浆皮质醇浓度分别略有上升和下降 ;在运动后 3h,前 2项指标和血浆皮质醇浓度分别明显增强和降低。这 3项指标在运动后 2 4 h均恢复到运动前水平。 IL - 2活性变化与皮质醇浓度变化有显著负相关关系。胰岛素在运动前后无明显变化。提示 :1次急性适度运动可提高人体的细胞免疫功能 ,并可持续数 h。这种变化与血浆皮质醇浓度下降有一定关系 相似文献
18.
Although epidemiological data indicate that athletes are at increased risk of upper respiratory tract infection during periods of heavy training and the 1 - 2 week period following endurance race events, there is very limited information on the responses to football training and match-play. For several hours after heavy exertion, components of both the innate (e.g. natural killer cell activity and neutrophil oxidative burst activity) and adaptive (e.g. T and B cell function) immune system exhibit suppressed function. Although such responses to football training and competition do not appear to be as pronounced, variations in immune cell numbers and function are reported in professional footballers over the course of a season. Attempts have been made through nutritional means (e.g. glutamine, vitamins C and E, and carbohydrate supplementation) to attenuate immune changes following intensive exercise and thus lower the risk of upper respiratory tract infection. Carbohydrate supplementation during heavy exercise has emerged as a partial countermeasure and attenuates increases in blood neutrophil counts, stress hormones, and inflammatory cytokines, but has little effect on decrements in salivary IgA output or natural killer cell function. Animal research indicates that other nutritional components such as beta-glucan, quercetin, and curcumin warrant human investigations to determine if they are effective countermeasures to exercise-induced immune dysfunction. 相似文献
19.
Takashi Umeda Kazuhiro Suzukawa Ippei Takahashi Yousuke Yamamoto Masaru Tanabe Arata Kojima 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):897-904
Abstract To clarify the physical and mental fatigue caused by intense exercise and the relationship between the two types of fatigue, we examined changes in anthropometric and biochemical variables, neutrophil function, and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire in 13 female university judoists attending a one-week training camp. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, haemoglobin, leukocyte count, IgG, and phagocytic activity all decreased after the training camp compared with baseline (P ≤ 0.046). Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and neutrophil oxidative burst activity increased after the training camp (P ≤ 0.007). Of the POMS scores, that for Fatigue increased after the training camp (P = 0.041) and that for Vigour decreased (P = 0.042). The changes in several POMS scores correlated with the changes in blood biochemical variables. In particular, the change in Total mood disturbance was negatively associated with changes in myogenic enzymes (P ≤ 0.032). Our results suggest that intense exercise during training camps for female judoists leads to the appearance and accumulation of mental and physical fatigue, which are related to each other. 相似文献
20.
目的:通过观察低氧运动前、后白细胞凋亡与计数的变化,探讨低氧运动对白细胞数量与功能的影响.方法:8名男子摔跤运动员在氧浓度为15.4%(相当于海拔2 500 m高度)的低氧环境进行75%VO2max强度功率自行车运动1 h,运动前和运动后即刻取静脉血(EDTA抗凝)采用流式细胞仪测定外周血淋巴细胞中凋亡细胞和活细胞百分比,并应用全自动血细胞分析仪测定白细胞计数和淋巴细胞计数.结果:急性低氧运动后白细胞计数和淋巴细胞计数均显著性增加(P<0.01),分别从6.59±1.44增至10.64±2.97,2.16±0.69增至3.86±1.09;淋巴细胞中凋亡细胞从11.17%±2.65%增至18.84%±3.05%,活细胞百分比从88.37%±2.70%下降至85.67%±3.02%,两者均有显著性差异.结论:急性低氧运动可导致机体白细胞计数和淋巴细胞计数增加,淋巴细胞中凋亡细胞和活细胞等比例变比. 相似文献