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利用大样本微观企业数据,从官员激励视角研究了现行官员任期制度安排下,地方官员任期、腐败对辖区内企业研发投入的影响,从而为地方官员治理、腐败治理和经济可持续发展的关系提供了来自转型国家的微观证据。研究结果表明,整体而言,地方官员任期和腐败分别与企业研发投入呈显著的倒U型曲线关系,即适当延长官员任期和适度的腐败水平皆有利于促进辖区企业研发投入,而过长的任期和过高水平的腐败则会抑制辖区内企业研发投入,特别地,官员任期会负向调节腐败与企业研发投入之间的关系。进一步研究发现,官员任期、腐败与企业研发投入之间的关系会随着市场化进程、产业性质和所有制类型的差异而发生显著变化。本文的结论对于促进地方官员治理、腐败治理和加快中国经济转型具有重要的启示意义。 相似文献
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为了探究研发投入对企业绩效的影响以及市场化程度对研发投入与企业绩效关系的影响,以253家创业板企业作为研究样本,从市场化程度整体视角出发研究产品市场化程度与市场中介组织和法律制度环境对研发投入与企业绩效关系的影响.首先采用多元回归模型研究研发投入对企业绩效的影响,在此基础上采用门槛回归模型研究不同市场化程度对研发投入与企业绩效的影响.结果表明:研发投入正向作用企业市场绩效负向作用于企业财务绩效,适度完善市场中介组织和法律制度环境会促进研发投入对市场绩效的正向作用,会加大研发投入对财务绩效的负向作用;产品市场发育程度的适度提高会促进研发投入对企业市场绩效的提升,随着产品市场发育程度的提高,研发投入对企业财务绩效抑制作用加强.据此,要研究研发投入对企业绩效的影响,上市公司应结合其外部市场化进程,推行差异化的研发投入机制;政府在积极完善法律制度环境、培育市场中介组织、提高产品市场发育程度的同时应加大对企业的科技创新补贴,减轻企业的财务压力,制定合理专利奖励政策,激励企业自主创新. 相似文献
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高新技术企业认定是我国政府激发企业创新活力、提升企业研发积极性的一大举措。本文基于2007-2018年A股上市公司的面板数据,对高新技术企业认定对企业研发投入的影响进行了分析,同时考察了寻租因素对该影响的调节效应。通过实证发现：高新技术企业认定确实能够提升企业研发投入力度,且高市场化地区的促进作用强于低市场化地区;寻租行为的产生会抑制这种促进作用,且对低市场化地区企业的抑制效应更明显;短期性的政策迎合式的投入是高新技术企业认定提升企业研发投入的一大因素,且低市场化地区的企业研发投入水平与高新技术企业认定年份的正相关关系更加显著。我们建议,要进一步完善高新技术企业认定的程序和办法,同时要提升市场化水平,激发企业自主创新和研发投入的主动性。 相似文献
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本文以2008-2015年我国沪深两市的A股上市公司为样本,通过回归分析,实证检验了技术独董对企业研发投入的影响。研究发现,技术独董显著地提高了企业的研发投入。进一步的研究显示,女性独董削弱了技术独董对企业研发投入的促进作用,东部地区企业技术独董对研发投入的促进作用更强。研究表明,技术独董在企业研发活动中提供了专业的咨询、指导,但其咨询职能的发挥会受到独立董事性别以及地区环境的影响。据此,本文认为应当合理设置独立董事的专业结构、推动各地区平衡发展,以充分发挥独立董事的咨询职能、缩小我国创新环境的地区差距。 相似文献
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基于民营上市企业数据,实证结果得到以下主要结论:第一,环境规制显著促进了企业研发投入;第二,政治关联企业研发投入水平更低,政治资源抑制了企业创新投入;第三,政治关联的负向调节作用弱化了环境规制对企业研发投入的激励效应.基于实证结论,监管者应强化环境规制督察职责,避免民营企业通过寻租手段规避环境规制并提升企业创新行为的激励以促进企业技术进步和长期竞争力提升. 相似文献
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以2003—2013年在深圳和上海证券交易所主板上市的企业为研究样本,对创新活动采用存量的研究方法,厘清企业创新投入、产出与企业价值之间的影响路径。研究结果发现:(1)与以前文献相似,企业创新投入会影响企业创新产出,但是这种影响仅具有1~2年的滞后期,这表明我国的创新活动持续时间很短,大多为短平快的项目,没有长期的研发过程。(2)与以前文献结论不同,发现由于创新活动的不确定性与累积性,企业的创新投入不会直接影响企业价值,但企业创新产出对企业价值有直接贡献,实际上企业的创新活动是必须通过其产出面来直接影响企业价值的。(3)除采用泊松回归方法,亦采用负二项回归等多种回归方法,检验结果仍然稳健。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献