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1.
红壤丘陵地区双季稻光合特性初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
刘允芬于贵瑞李家永宋霞 《资源科学》2001,23(6):49-53
亚热带红壤丘陵地区水稻叶片净光合速率与蒸腾速率在夏季晴天中午有降低现象，其日变化曲线呈双峰型。PAR和温度的日变化是形成光合速率日变化的主要环境因子。较高的温度会导致蒸腾强度降低，而水分亏缺引起的气孔导度降低气孔阻力增大则造成光合速率的降低。水稻上部叶片的光补偿点低于下部叶片，而光饱和点则是下部叶片低于上部。表观初始光能利用效率第2片叶为0.049-0.068，第4片叶为0.044-0.060。光能利用率第2片叶在2.6%-5.7%，第4片叶在2.0%-5.8%。水稻叶片的最大光合速率早稻和晚稻旗叶、2叶、4叶分别可达到19.58μmol CO2m-2、17.78μmol CO2m-2、14.4μmol CO2m-2 s-1和26.46和17.27μmol CO2m-2 s-1 相似文献
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不同品种黄瓜幼苗光合机构对盐胁迫的响应 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
研究了盐胁迫(0、25、50mmol／L)对不同品种黄瓜幼苗生长、光合作用和叶绿素荧光的影响．结果表明，盐胁迫，尤其是高浓度NaCl(50mmol／L)的胁迫，显著降低黄瓜幼苗生长量、叶绿素含量、光系统Ⅱ光合电子传递量子效率(φPSⅡ)、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)以及气孔限制值(Ls)，同时显著提高叶片相对电导率、丙二醛、脯氨酸含量和细胞间CO2浓度(Ci)，光系统Ⅱ的光化学效率(Fv／Fm)变化不大．盐胁迫对耐盐黄瓜‘津研4号’幼苗生长的影响小于盐敏感黄瓜‘津绿4号’，这可能与耐盐黄瓜在盐胁迫下较高的净光合速率、光系统Ⅱ光合电子传递量子效率和较低的丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率有关。 相似文献
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目的探究中度干旱条件下青稞光合参数及农艺性状受到的影响,为提高青稞产量提供理论参考。方法以藏青2000为材料,研究中度干旱处理对青稞蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、净光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、地上生物量、株高、穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重的影响。结果中度干旱处理会抑制植株生长,影响青稞植株地上部分干物质的积累,青稞叶片气孔导度(Gs)下降55.83%,蒸腾速率(Tr)下降29.34%,净光合速率(Pn)下降31.13%.结论在中度干旱胁迫下青稞叶片气孔导度(Gs)呈现下降趋势,气孔导度(Gs)下降会影响外界CO2的供应,从而影响光合作用的正常进行,使青稞净光合速率(Pn)下降。中度干旱处理会影响青稞的地上生物量、株高、穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重而对青稞产量造成影响。 相似文献
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植物转基因技术为培育高效抗虫水稻新品种开辟了新的途径。豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂 (CpTI)基因是一种广谱抗虫基因 ,该成果采用最新研究策略 ,对该基因进行体外修饰 ,使其转译产物最终定位于细胞的内质网中 ,以增加外源抗虫物质的稳定性。实验证明 ,转修饰cpti基因的植物无论是抗虫蛋白含量还是抗虫能力均比转野生型cpti基因植物有显著的提高。已获大量转基因水稻株系 ,包括著名水稻恢复系明恢 81和明恢 86,并用其配制了杂交组合。转基因抗虫杂交水稻已获国家有关部门批准进行中间试验和环境释放 ,大田试验结果表明 ,转基因杂交水稻具有优良的抗虫特性和广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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水稻生长对气温变化响应的研究——以江苏姜堰市不同播种期试验为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以中熟中粳徐稻3号为试验品种,研究气温升高对苏南地区(江苏姜堰市)水稻生长的影响。通过文献阅读获取当地播期试验数据,与同期气象数据相结合,构建水稻增温试验,模拟研究气候变化对水稻生长的影响。结果表明,气温升高有利于苏南地区的水稻生长。各生理指标受升温影响的具体表现为:水稻生育期缩短,尤其是营养生长时期;叶面积指数(LAI)增量在播种至拔节期及拔节至抽穗期增加,抽穗至成熟期减小,升温有利于水稻生长前期的叶片增长,同时也会加快后期的叶片衰亡;光合势(LAD)在播种至拔节期及拔节至抽穗期下降,而抽穗至成熟期增加;水稻生长各个时期的干物质(DMA)累积增量与群体生长率(CGR)均增加。分析表明,拔节至抽穗期与抽穗至成熟期出现气温饱和点,分别为27.5℃与23℃,均在最适温度范围内。 相似文献
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长期水淹胁迫下的北移秋茄形态结构和生理变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《科技通报》2016,(5)
为了探讨长期水淹胁迫对秋茄的影响,一方面从宏观形态和组织形态及细胞超微结构方面对秋茄进行观察,长期水淹处理的秋茄植株矮,分枝和叶片较少,叶片单宁含量减少,致使叶片多被啃食,为防止水分流失,叶片增厚,角质层厚度增加,海绵组织细胞间空隙变大。根皮层形成大量气生根,上皮细胞壁角质化,皮层中形成大量通气组织,从而贮藏氧气及二氧化碳以维持秋茄正常生长。此外长期淹水导致了叶绿体膨胀,基粒片层与基质片层稀疏,部分叶肉细胞的叶绿体膜也遭到破坏。另一方面为进一步研究形态的变化是否导致光合作用的变化,采用LI-6400便捷式光合作用系统测量秋茄的净光合速率(Pn)对光合有效辐射(PAR)的响应曲线,并拟合得到了表观量子效率I,最大光合速率Pm,暗呼吸速率Rd,决定系数R2,计算得到光补偿点LCP光饱和点LSP。结果显示:长期水淹秋茄的光合速率明显减小,长期水淹秋茄与正常潮汐秋茄表观量子效率无显著差异。长期水淹秋茄光饱和点及光补偿点均较正常潮汐秋茄低。导致长期水淹秋茄不能有效利用光。这是与水淹条件下秋茄叶片形态解剖结构的变化分不开的,并对此进行了论证分析。 相似文献
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水稻苗期水分亏缺产生补偿节水效应的亏缺阈值研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨调亏灌溉对水稻苗期的光合产物分配及氮素积累的影响,采用人工气候室内盆栽实验,在水稻三叶一心期至分蘖前期为止设计持续干旱0 d、3 d、6 d、9 d和12 d五个处理组。结果表明：1）在水分胁迫条件下,光合速率和蒸腾速率均下降,前者下降略为缓慢使得水分利用效率得到提高。同化产物在叶片中的含量高于茎鞘,但叶片中的氮素含量低于茎鞘。2）恢复灌溉后,受到胁迫的处理组的光合速率、蒸腾速率都迅速升高,干旱3 d和6 d的处理组光合水平超过对照,然后又有所下降,水分利用效率因为蒸腾速率的骤然升高而降低,之后有所恢复。干旱处理组的叶片中积累的同化产物转移至茎鞘和其他部位供其生长,使得叶片占总干重的比例下降。所有干旱组的茎鞘含氮量都在复水后增加明显且均高于对照组。3）各亏水处理组均表现出一定的补偿生长,包括根系的吸收补偿和光合系统的生理补偿。其中干旱3-6 d的水稻苗期亏水阈值产生的补偿效应明显。苗期水稻干旱引起光合产物的分配和氮素的积累的改变,从而发生复水后的补偿效应,提高植株的素质,提高水稻的分蘖能力和结实能力。 相似文献
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比较了杭州石荠苧(Mosla hangchouensis)和石荠苧(M．scabra)光合特性在不同土壤水分时的可塑性．结果表明杭州石荠苧和石荠苧分别在W60和W100时有最大光合速率PN和气孔传导力gs，两者的水分利用效率都是在W30时最大，W40时最小；复水实验发现杭州石荠苧和石荠苧的光合速率有超补偿现象，但后者的补偿效果明显不如前者；两物种的叶绿素含量在W20时最高，但此时叶绿素a、b比值最低．与石荠苧相比，杭州石荠苧具有较强的光合可塑性，对极端干旱的耐受能力较强，但对资源竞争能力差，这可能是其濒危原因之一． 相似文献
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分布式数据库的事务处理协议 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
介绍了分布式数据库系统(DDBS)二种主要的事务处理协议2PC和3PC，写出3PC的详细算法，并讨论了它们的优缺点，针对实时性的分布式数据库系统提出一些解决办法． 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献