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1.
通过对德国碳市场相关法律资料的分析,介绍其碳排放和交易过程中在监测、报告、核证等重要环节的技术要求与制度设计,分析市场和政府在碳交易体系中的角色定位以及在监管体系中重要监管部门的设立和职权划分,梳理德国在碳交易体系中运用的惩罚机制,最后提出建立中国碳市场监管机制的法律建议。 相似文献
2.
我国海洋蓝碳交易机制及其制度创新研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对蓝碳相关理论一手文献的分析,明确蓝碳交易的研究进展。基于国际国内双重视角,运用归纳分析及学科交叉等方法,研究梳理国际蓝碳议题的发展现状以及我国蓝碳建设的实践历程,发现既有制度存在海洋生态系统服务付费制度推进缓慢、交易各环节的市场监管及环境监管机制尚不健全等现实困境。研究结果表明,建立以持续发展为导向的蓝碳交易市场,应当以自然科学原理、陆海统筹等理论为指引,科学控制蓝碳交易配额总量并进行初始化分配,在中央与地方蓝碳专门保护立法统筹推进保障下,通过设立专门的蓝碳基金及保险制度,引入综合性海洋蓝碳环境影响评价和生态补偿等制度配套,构建符合我国国情的蓝碳交易实施机制。 相似文献
3.
海洋牧场是促进海洋渔业转型升级和海洋生态文明建设的重要举措,其蓝碳生态产品价值实现机制则是将“绿水青山”转化为“金山银山”的关键环节。然而,参与主体单一、生态价值回报不足、跨期价值转换偏差等问题,严重制约着中国海洋牧场蓝碳生态产品价值实现机制的市场化、可持续运作。鉴于此,本文在“政府激励+蓝碳交易”直接机制的基础上融入“蓝碳质押信贷”间接机制,设计了一个涵盖政府、渔企、第三方服务机构（碳交易中心、银行等）3个主体,现期收益与未来收益可转换的海洋牧场蓝碳生态产品价值实现机制,同时将时间偏好引入演化博弈模型,分析了渔企时间偏好对该机制运作的影响。研究结论如下：①渔企时间偏好对海洋牧场蓝碳生态产品价值实现机制存在影响,对3个主体策略行为的影响而言,对渔企影响最大,其次是第三方服务机构、政府。②在直接实现机制中,补贴金额和环境保护税越高,越有利于推动海洋牧场及其蓝碳生态产品市场发展;且相较于补贴,环境保护税这一负激励的推动作用更强。蓝碳现货价格越高,渔企采取海洋牧场模式的意愿越高,但对第三方服务机构开展蓝碳质押信贷业务的意愿产生倒“V”型影响,即先促进后抑制。③在间接实现机制中,信贷风险越低,质押率越高,就越有利于推动海洋牧场及其蓝碳生态产品市场的有序发展;而守信奖励、违约金等信贷奖惩措施应适中,过高或过低均不利于实现海洋牧场及其蓝碳生态产品市场的良性发展。以上结论对完善中国海洋牧场蓝碳生态产品价值实现机制提供了重要的科学依据。 相似文献
4.
创新是驱动绿色高质量发展的重要引擎,技术创新的意义导向逐渐从一般性视角向绿色、低碳等生态视角转变,“环境保护”成为低碳技术创新的本质意义。碳交易市场兼具政府和市场双重调节,在“双碳”愿景下对增进企业意义导向创新具有重要作用。以“二元合法性”为理论视角,基于2010—2019年碳交易试点八大行业企业的面板数据,采用双重差分法研究了碳交易政策对企业低碳技术创新的影响,及异质性企业环境责任和媒体环境关注在其关系中的作用机制。结果表明：碳交易政策的实施不仅有效提高了企业低碳技术创新水平,还有助于促进企业履行环境责任;前瞻型环境责任在碳交易政策与企业低碳技术创新关系中发挥中介效应,当企业履行反应型环境责任时可能存在“迎合效应”,其中介效应不显著;媒体环境关注能够正向调节碳交易政策与企业低碳技术创新的关系,其作为非正式环境规制可以与碳交易政策协同促进企业低碳技术创新。 相似文献
5.
建立区域碳交易市场的路径与对策设计:基于重庆市“碳票”交易模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立区域碳交易市场是我国积极应对气候变化,掌握国际环境谈判主动权的有效途径和当务之急。本研究在分析国际国内碳交易市场的基础上,认为建立全国性碳交易市场,必须先建立区域性碳市场;借鉴重庆市"地票"模式的成功案例,创新性地提出了"碳票"为主的碳交易模式;通过碳汇、碳源评价,摸清市场基础,创新设计重庆碳交易机制和管理监督机制;在政策的规范指导下,推行区域碳票示范交易试点,逐步推向规范化的市场交易,并在更大区域范围内推广;最后基于市场设计,提出针对性的配套政策建议。 相似文献
6.
近年来,国内外碳市场严重违规违法和犯罪行为暴露出碳市场监管的问题表明,无论采用何种监管模式都会面临不同程度的防治困境,迫切需要探寻新的路径。通过对澳大利亚第一手文献的分析,研究其开展温室气体排放交易的进展情况;综合运用比较分析法和跨界研究法等,通过数据、案例提出并分析问题,剖析其监管制度运行的内在机理;梳理澳大利亚在碳排放交易监测、报告、核证等重要环节的技术要求与制度设计,及其碳排放交易监管体系中政府各部门的权责划分等情况。最后提出建立我国温室气体排放交易体系监管机制的法律建议,事前设立制度性引导,使碳市场创新与风险监管法律制度创新呈现循环促进的局面。 相似文献
7.
作为最有效的市场手段之一,碳排放权交易机制对于推进低成本减排的重要作用已经得到全球的广泛认可.中国的碳排放权交易还处在起步和试点阶段,虽然已经在多个省市开展碳排放交易试点,但是由于缺少国家层面的碳交易法来规范和约束碳排放权交易,使中国的碳排放权交易市场存在着“无法可依”的尴尬局面,造成温室气体减排领域的法律责任不明确、碳减排的法律监管机制缺失、碳商品的交易规则缺乏法律定义和保障等一系列法律问题,严重影响了中国碳交易市场的构建和健康发展.在当前中国碳减排压力巨大的背景下,中国亟需加强对碳排放权交易机制的法律研究,建立符合中国国情的碳排放权交易法,为中国启动全国性的碳减排交易市场以及日后实现与全球碳排放市场的对接提供法律制度保障.基于此出发点,本文积极借鉴欧盟和美国的碳排放权交易机制的法律经验,希望在中外比较中,对构建有中国特色的碳交易法提出有益的建议. 相似文献
8.
《中国科技论坛》2019,(1)
国际碳交易是为凝聚气候治理集体行动的经济机制。《巴黎协定》创建了新碳交易机制,但减缓成果内涵不清,转让条件不明,国际转让机制与新核证机制关系暧昧,且核证机制的基线模式因缔约方争议而悬置,新碳交易机制形态与结构不确定性诸多。但从《巴黎协定》规范与缔约方争议中亦可推知新碳交易机制的新趋向。国际排放权的法律基础不存、减缓成果多元化与生成的去中心化,决定了国际排放交易机制的消亡。"部门核证机制"备受缔约方推崇,核证机制初显模式异变。新趋向下,中国肩负争取碳交易经济利益的压力,面临着碳市场连接的风险与机遇,以及部门核证机制的制度挑战。中国应在稳健有序的碳交易秩序建设中,逐步摸索碳市场连接。 相似文献
9.
碳金融是创新衍生品,在碳排放市场控制手段中居于重要位置。国内外学者在关于碳金融的涵义、市场动力机制、碳交易定价机制等方面的研究取得了一定成果。但是要有力推动碳金融的发展,首先必须以碳金融依据的经济学理论为背景,结合现代金融衍生品的特殊属性的研究,界定碳金融特殊属性,分析市场影响因素。研究碳金融的属性,把握其市场功能机制运行规律,是中国碳金融理论研究所面临的一个重要课题。 相似文献
10.
海洋碳汇是解决我国碳排放问题的重要路径之一。在经济发展需求与生态容量的双重约束下,实现我国碳达峰与碳中和需要探索更多的政策手段。我国海洋碳汇建设的潜力较大,通过将海洋碳汇与陆地碳汇协同起来,构造一体化碳汇体系,对我国碳汇能力建设具有重要意义。在以海洋生态改善为基础的海洋碳汇增加路径中,海洋养殖、滨海湿地保护、污染排放控制都将对海洋碳汇增加提供可能。在原有碳交易市场基础上通过设计合理的碳汇交易规则,能够以市场的方式引导更多资源进入海洋碳汇建设领域,实现增强我国碳实力的目标。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
14.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
15.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
17.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
18.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献