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我国竞技体育后备人才培养现状及发展对策 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
王雷 《武汉体育学院学报》2007,41(2):74-76
我国竞技体育后备人才培养中存在着人才减少且分布不平衡、培养效益差且人才输送率低、市场缺乏且调节能力有限等问题,其症结源于体制、资金、项目的普及和社会保障等问题。运动管理主体的多元化、训练体系的科学化和管理形式的协会化将是我国竞技体育后备人才培养的发展趋势。为加强后备人才培养,应有计划地分步推进体制转轨,实现投资主体的多元化。 相似文献
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射箭运动核心竞技力研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用问卷、访谈以及系统分析法,提出射箭核心竞技能力及其制胜对策:基本功是今后射箭训练的重点;射箭项目必须重视体能训练;增强手指感觉、肌肉交替放松的能力;重视对弓箭先进制造技术的开发.以期为我国在下一奥运周期提升射箭整体实力提供训练学理论依据. 相似文献
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射箭项目制胜规律探讨 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过文献资料法、问卷调查法等研究方法,阐述了现代射箭竞赛的基本特征;射箭项目的技、战术训练特征;射箭体能训练特征;现代射箭项目运动员竞技能力的构成及比赛中影响射箭成绩的主要心理因素等。论述了射箭项目的制胜规律。 相似文献
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在广州亚运会上,韩国队再一次包揽全部射箭项目4枚金牌,霸主地位不可动摇。为什么韩国射箭运动长盛不衰,一代又一代神箭手将荣誉保持多少年?通过综合文献资料数据以及同专家和教练员的访谈等,详解中、韩两国射箭青少年培养体系,从后备人才的数量、培养途径、梯队建设、成材率、训练和竞赛体制以及相关的信息等方面进行分析和总结,从中提炼出不同的特点以及我们可以借鉴的经验,希望将来对我国射箭运动的发展有所帮助。 相似文献
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运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等，对“放管服”视角下竞技体育后备人才的发展机遇及面临的挑战进行研究。结果表明针对上述问题，发展机遇表现在竞技体育后备人才传统管理思维定势获得突破、社会组织在竞技体育后备人才培养中的机动作用凸显；即挑战表现在竞技体育后备人才培养数量与项目上存在失衡、多元主体协同培养竞技体育后备人才的利益矛盾以及相关配套制度与监督制度建设不完善。提出相应优化路径：即深化“放管服”改革，打造多项目、多主体的赛事体系；培育体育社会组织，优化竞技体育后备人才培养方式；完善竞技体育后备人才的法律法规，规范监督环境。 相似文献
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经过对美国青少年体育及竞技后备人才培养现状的分析,发现美国竞技后备人才培养体系呈现如下特点:治理模式法治化、管理模式社会化,基础网络多元化、培养模式学校化。借鉴美国青少年体育与竞技后备人才培养成功经验,结合我国实际情况,提出:我国要尽快将青少年体育及竞技后备人才培养工作纳入法治化轨道,转变政府职能,培育多元人才培养主体,最终构建专业化、社会化、学校化相结合的竞技体育后备人才培养治理体系。 相似文献
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本文运用文献资料、对比分析等研究方法,分析我国竞技女子马拉松发展现状及困境,并在此基础上提出优化策略,旨在为今后推动该项目的发展提供参考。研究认为：我国女子马拉松项目整体实力较为薄弱,无论后备人才储备还是拔尖运动员的竞技水平都与其他国家存在不小差距,与同为亚洲的日本、巴林相比也不占优。其原因主要是：我国运动员退役过早、后备人才青黄不接,竞技女子马拉松科研成果少且转化利用率低,运动员缺乏国外大赛经验,马拉松文化沉淀不足。结合世界女子马拉松强国项目背景及我国具体情况提出如下优化策略：加强运动员思想教育工作、延长运动生涯年限,培养复合型教练员群体以提高运动员成材率,采用“引进来”与“走出去”策略统筹推进,加强马拉松文化建设、提升赛事品牌质量。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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曲爱宁 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(8):97-98
柔韧素质是健美操专业学生的专项素质之一,通过对普通高校健美操专业学生分组对照进行柔韧性训练的实验研究,认为对训练肌群辅以按摩器振颤刺激,可大大提高柔韧性训练效果。 相似文献
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我国城市体育自然环境建设与发展的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用实地调查研究、理性思维研究和文献资料调研等方法对主要问题进行了专门研究，提出了进行城市体育场所区域生态功能区划、设计体育生态功能区布局的方案、做好体育场所绿色环境系统规划、制定体育场所生态与绿地管理措施等基本观点，提出了若干城市体育自然环境建设与发展的对策。 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献