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大气污染和气候变化同为中国面临的两大严峻环境问题，其对我国经济、社会发展的影响将变得越来越严重。在治理机制上，过去一直由环保部门和发改部门分而治之。随着相关治理工作的推进，分而治之的机制逐渐暴露出一系列政策重叠乃至互为掣肘的弊端，相应的治理机制创新也因此形成了重大需求。2018年，中国国务院实施机构改革，应对气候变化的职能被划转到生态环境部。生态环境部随即明确了大气污染和气候变化协同治理的战略目标。建立怎样的机制才能切实保障战略目标的实现？这是政界、学界、业界普遍关心的问题。针对这项需求，本文基于对大气污染和气候变化的影响范围和危害形式差异较大，但却“同根同源”的特性分析，阐述了两者协同治理的科学基础，提出了协同治理的机制模型，为我国有效实施绿色创新战略，积极融入应对气候变化全球治理体系打开了新思路。 相似文献
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大气具有流动性和整体性，大气污染协同治理不仅可有效改善地区整体环境质量，同时可以从根本上治理区域大气污染问题。文章通过对阿拉善高新技术开发区大气环境质量分析评价，得出：要想从根本上改善园区环境质量，必须对大气和水进行协同治理，对颗粒物和臭氧进行协同治理。并提出了明确权责、完善生态补偿机制、加强法制建设等措施，以期对乌海及周边地区区域大气污染开展协同治理。 相似文献
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技术的快速发展及其治理是满足能源、环境和气候变化挑战前提下实现可持续发展的唯一途径,然而技术治理缺乏一个清晰的概念框架。以协同治理为理论基础,基于技术治理问题"结构-过程-关系"研究框架,认为该框架隐含"价值"要素的后置情境,特别在中国背景下,价值后置给技术政策过程实施产生冲击和扭曲。因此,提出"价值-结构-过程-关系"技术协同治理框架与机制,以解释协同治理主体结构间如何调节、塑造治理技术的形式以及多元主体参与治理网络的角色与关系,以期提高技术政策可接受度。研究结果认为技术协同治理框架应包括科技人员、科协、政府、企业、高校、金融部门、中介等社会组织及公众、国外部门八个主体;技术协同治理机制应包括问责机制、参与机制、评价机制、交流机制以及共享机制。研究结果建议技术协同治理框架与机制可以应用、复制类似的政府治理问题,以供例如我国生态环境协同治理、城市化协同治理提供参考与借鉴。 相似文献
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当前,系统失灵和转型失灵成为制约我国国家创新体系效能提升的重要因素,需求导向科技创新治理为解决两类失灵问题、提升国家创新体系效能提供了应对思路。本文通过构建需求导向科技创新治理与国家创新体系效能提升的分析框架,总结需求导向科技创新治理的国际典型经验,剖析国内需求导向科技创新治理面临的挑战并提出应对策略。首先,从理论上阐释需求导向科技创新治理提升国家创新体系效能的机理与路径。其次,总结美国战略需求导向和欧盟使命导向的科技创新治理布局与实践。最后,梳理制约我国国家创新体系效能提升的需求导向科技创新治理挑战,并提出需求导向科技创新治理的基本思路。研究发现：需求导向科技创新治理有助于解决制约国家创新体系效能的系统失灵和转型失灵问题。实践层面,需求导向科技创新治理已经嵌入美国和欧盟重大科技创新活动的组织和管理中,而我国需求导向的科技资源配置体系和评价体系尚不完善、需求驱动的产学研合作机制和保障机制尚不健全、适应经济社会发展新需求的科技创新政策体系尚不成熟成为制约国家创新体系效能提升的主要原因。为此,我国迫切需要统筹国家创新体系能力、效率和方向建设,建设和完善需求导向科技创新治理体系。 相似文献
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科技冬奥协同创新网络是因冬奥会这一特定事件而形成的创新组织机制,其多元主体参与、网络组织模式、科研攻关方式、应用创新路径等方面的创新做法对我国科技创新治理体系具有重要的现实意义。以科技冬奥协同创新网络为研究对象,基于科技与奥运互动关系,从多系统融合、多主体协同、多组织嵌套、多机制联动四个维度探讨科技冬奥协同创新网络的形成及运行机理;基于系统视角构建科技冬奥协同创新网络运行框架,并从纵横向政府互动关系和多元主体合作关系两个层面明晰网络结构;从理念引领、制度优势、组织模式创新、科研攻关范式创新、协同创新机制等方面总结协同创新网络构建经验和成效,为健全我国科技创新治理体系和创新治理模式提供了启示与借鉴 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献