共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 129 毫秒
1.
本文在概述香港高等教育发展历程的基础上，分析了世纪之初香港高等教育所面临的主要问题、重要改革举措和政策变革。香港高等教育在21世纪初的主要发展和改革表现在：素质评鉴机制的制度化，大学管治体制和教职员薪酬制度的改革，大学角色的再定位，社区学院和私立大学的发展，以及大学教育的国际化等方面。这些改革对香港高校与政府的关系、高校的角色定位等都带来重要影响。香港高等教育的国际化发展，将使香港高校在中国内地高等教育体系中扮演越来越重要的角色，推动香港与中国内地高等教育的互动和发展。为此，香港与内地之间需要加强在高等教育政策上的协调与合作。 相似文献
2.
从高等教育基金委员会看英国高校治理模式的创新 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
20世纪90年代,英国高等教育的治理模式发生了变革,1919年建立起的大学拨款委员会模式已经终结,取而代之的是新的基金委员会模式。基金委员会模式体现了英国高等教育治理的新思路,以英格兰地区的高等教育基金委员会最有代表性。该地区的高等教育基金委员会不但要求大学在财政方面积极承担绩效责任,而且在科研以及教学方面也对大学施加外在影响。基金委员会主要通过财政备忘录对大学进行财政风险评估。作为政府的代理机构,基金委员会有鲜明的商业特征,主要通过一系列审查和绩效问责措施促进高校治理变革。然而,基金委员会自身存在一些不足,需要进一步完善。 相似文献
3.
20世纪90年代以来,印度高等教育领域发生了走向"善治"的变革,政府与高校之间的单向驱动关系,正在被政府、市场、社会与高校之间更加错综复杂的多向互动关系所取代。政府通过政策制定、绩效拨款和质量保障等方式实现职能的转变,逐渐从微观管理转移到宏观调控上来;政府体制内部实现了垂直分权,中央政府与邦政府在高等教育领域的权责有了进一步划分,邦政府在高等教育治理中的角色和地位有所加强;市场力量已经渗透到供需关系调节、院校结构调整、院校资源配置中;社会参与扩大,非政府组织发挥着重要作用,高校与企业的合作也得到加强;大学获得了一定的自主权,少量学院摆脱了对大学的依附地位,同时政府对所有高校的问责正在加强。 相似文献
4.
英国开放大学再认识:溯源篇 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
韦润芳 《中国远程教育(综合版)》2010,(1)
英国开放大学是第二次世界大战结束以来国际高等教育革新潮流中的成功典范。她承继工业革命以来英国高等教育传统,受英国当代经济需求、社会改革、技术进步和政治体制驱动,背负创新使命,力行教育平等、教育民主和终身教育的基本理念,向所有期望在业余和远距离学习条件下接受高等教育的成人提供大学教育,在20世纪后半期和新世纪英国高等教育历史变迁过程中扮演了重要角色。本文探索开放大学渊源有自,重温开放大学的创设背景,对开放大学与英国高等教育传统、高等教育现代化的进程、成人教育的源流、教育电视的发展、高等教育哲学以及国际经验之间的关联性、继承性和创新性作了详细的分析。 相似文献
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6.
从人力资本投资理论看现代企业大学 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
企业大学是由企业出资建立并管理的一种新兴的高等教育办学模式。企业大学具有良好的人力资本收益,具体表现在个人、企业以及社会三个不同层面。为使企业大学实现更好的人力资本增值,学员要转变观念,充分发挥主观能动性;企业大学要全力以赴,扮演好教育者的角色;政府要加强宏观调控,促进企业大学的发展。 相似文献
7.
对英美大学校长管理体制的比较 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对英美大学校长管理体制的比较阎凤桥不同国家的大学校长在学校管理中所扮演的角色是不同的，即使在同一个国家不同类型学校间，或者在同一类型学校的不同大学之间，在校氏的选拔、职权、任期等很多方面也是不同的。英美高等教育在国际高等教育中占据很重要的地位，英国高... 相似文献
8.
何晓芳 《清华大学教育研究》2012,(6):55-60
20世纪80年代以来,澳大利亚高等教育改革体现为一种范式上的转型,高等教育从凯恩斯模式中跳出来,在新自由主义理念的指引下,以管理体制和投资体制改革为重点,引入了竞争机制与绩效管理。联邦政府在放权的同时,并没有削弱对高等教育的管理力度,大学在被给予更多自主权的同时,也越发关注消费市场的需求与影响。这场变革造就了澳大利亚政府与大学之间的新型关系,也改变了政府在高等教育领域中的角色以及高等教育自身的基本理念。 相似文献
9.
英国高等教育在世界上处于领先地位,在高等教育治理方面的研究开展得比较早,高等教育治理的制度安排也较为成熟.英国高等教育治理的变革与政府与大学关系密不可分,其高等教育治理的指导思想是政府将高等教育机构看作社会服务机构.在此思想影响下,英国高等教育治理框架渐显:政府以财政资助为调节杠杆,借助科研评估活动和质量保障署,介入英国高校的科研和教学. 相似文献
10.
从19世纪初开始,英国高等教育治理体系先后经历了大学主导的惰性治理体系、政府与大学合作的惯性治理体系以及政府主导的刚性治理体系三个阶段。每一次变革都是在一定政治或经济事件催化下,政府认识到必须让大学满足某种时代需求时开启改革,随后在政府与大学的磨合下完成转变。英国高等教育治理体系的现代化嬗变是大学理想退却而形式理性胜利的过程,而现代化带来的治理困境引发我们对当代高等教育治理的深思。 相似文献
11.
This paper is an attempt to analyse the present pattern of funding higher education in India and to discuss the desirability and feasibility of various alternative methods of funding the same. Higher education in India is basically a state funded sector. But as higher education benefits not only society at large, but also individuals specifically, and as it attracts relatively more privileged sections of the society, there is a rationale for shifting the financial burden to the individual domain from the social domain.It is argued here that given the resource constraints and equity considerations, financing higher education mostly from the general tax revenue may not be a desirable policy in the long run. Accordingly some of the alternative policy choices are discussed, including financing higher education from the public exchequer, student loans, graduate tax, student fees, and the role of the private sector. Among the available alternatives, it is argued that a discriminatory pricing mechanism would be relatively more efficient and equitable. While given the socioeconomic and political realities, the government has to continue to bear a large responsibility for funding higher education, instead of relying on a single form of funding, efforts should be made to evolve a model of funding that provides a mix of the various methods. It is also argued that fee and subsidy policies need to make distinctions across various layers and forms of higher education. 相似文献
12.
1999年之后,中国高等教育经历了跨越式的发展。高校规模的数量性扩张,给高等教育财政带来了怎样的冲击?同时,这种变化将给高等教育机构的运作行为,尤其是高等教育质量的维持与提高造成怎样的影响?本文将聚焦于高等教育资金的筹措机制,对扩招后我国高等教育的财政拨款模式、资源配置、学费定价、不同类型高校的资金筹措行为及其背后隐含的问题进行剖析与思考。 相似文献
13.
This article is situated in a growing body of literature, focusing on higher education reforms in countries which emerged, or re-emerged, 25 years ago as the Soviet Union dissolved. With the focus specifically on Kazakhstan, this paper examines how the leadership of universities in this country views a higher education funding model– the state grants. The paper applies the lenses of stability, performance and innovation orientation to the examination of the state grants-based higher education funding model in Kazakhstan. This paper finds that despite recognition of the limitations of the existing funding model, there is limited interest to push for changes. This can be explained by the complex higher education policy environment which is also discussed in this paper. 相似文献
14.
发达国家义务教育经费投入体制比较及其对我国的启示——以美、英、法、日为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
义务教育经费投入的原则、来源与机制是义务教育经费投入体制的三项基本要素。本文以美、英、法、日四国为例,从义务教育经费投入体制的三项基本要素入手,比较和分析了发达国家义务教育经费投入体制的特征与经验,同时提出对我国义务教育经费投入体制改革的若干启示。 相似文献
15.
高校筹资是高等学校生存和发展的命脉。现在我国高等学校都面临着资金上的困难，虽然对公立高校实行了成本分担制度，但效果并不是很理想。民办高校筹资情况更加不容乐观，基本上是以学养学。筹资困难和现在我们单纯二元式的高等教育观有很大关系，如果将高等学校看作第三部门的组织，则应当有助于高校筹资的多元化。 相似文献
16.
Gerald Wangenge‐Ouma 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(4):481-497
The link between the funding of higher education and the attainment of higher education transformation goals in South Africa, especially access by students from previously under‐represented communities, is the main focus of this paper. Specifically, the paper examines three questions: (a) How does public funding of higher education encourage (or discourage) the attainment of higher education transformation goals in South Africa? (b) What challenges do frequent tuition fee increases pose to the attainment of higher education transformation goals? (c) How can South Africa’s higher education be made affordable for indigent (mostly black) students? The paper concludes that although South Africa’s higher education funding formula is generally geared towards attaining the goals of transformation, several of its aspects are inimical to the achievement of these goals. Further, declining public funding of higher education and frequent tuition fee increases by public universities vis‐à‐vis higher education’s natural inclination to reproduce, and even to exacerbate, existing social disparities and inequalities do not bode well for the attainment of transformation in South Africa’s higher education. This is aggravated by existing high levels of poverty and inequality mostly affecting the majority of the communities that were marginalised during apartheid. 相似文献
17.
英国当今高等教育政策框架及其影响分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在政府公共管理模式市场化取向改革背景下,高等教育领域引入竞争机制,在高等教育经费紧缩的情况下,为保证高等教育战略目标的实现,英国政府采取了拨款、评估、规划等政策措施对高校进行宏观控制和施加影响. 相似文献
18.
Private for-profit higher education has grown rapidly in many parts of the world. This growth is attributed to many factors, including a broadening of the student population and the recognition that wider access to higher education will be economically beneficial to individuals, governments and society as a whole. In Australia, the number of students in private for-profit higher education is rising, with dramatic projections for the next 10 years. The Australian government has set a target to increase the participation of students in higher education, with a focus on increasing the access and success of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. It is unclear, however, what role the burgeoning private for-profit institutions will play in meeting the government's targets, and what incentives will be provided for them to increase the access and participation of students from disadvantaged groups. This paper analyses the key drivers of growth in private for-profit higher education in Australia, and discusses issues around quality and standards. It examines the strengths and limitations of the sector, and the extent to which it contributes to diversity, access and the participation of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. It argues that the sector needs clear government directions to improve levels of access, and new government policies to encourage public-private collaborations to help ensure sustainability. The paper also briefly touches on the need for a review into the current structure of Australia's higher education sector as a whole, and whether higher education would benefit from the formation of public community colleges with the explicit aim of widening access for disadvantaged student groups. Further, the paper suggests that encouraging such public-private collaboration may be beneficial to ensure access and participation of students from all walks of life, including disadvantaged groups. 相似文献
19.
Vincent Carpentier 《Higher Education Quarterly》2012,66(4):363-390
This paper looks at the current challenge facing higher education by exploring the historical relationship between higher education funding and long economic cycles in the UK, USA and France. It examines the consequence of the transformation of public‐private income in higher education that followed the 1970s downturn, questioning whether the rise of private resources acted as additional or substitutive resources for public spending. The paper suggests that there is a risk that the cost‐sharing strategy could be turned into a policy of public‐private substitution of funding and provision, leading to a transfer rather than an increase of resources with strong implications on quality and equity. However, the Kondratiev cycle suggests an alternative route by designating the impact of the 1970s economic downturn on education as unique. Previous economic crises were contemporary of accelerations of public funding towards education which in fact contributed to economic recovery. The current crisis could represent an opportunity to revive counter‐cyclical policy by looking not only at efficient public spending but also at developing fairer taxation. A revival of public funding complemented by an additional rather than substitutive diversification of income would rebalance the public‐private structure of funding and drive a sustainable higher education system capable of playing a key part in these counter‐cyclical transformations. 相似文献
20.
国际比较及启示:绩效拨款在高等教育中的实践 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
近20年来,世界发达国家高等教育财政体制改革的一个重要方面是把绩效因素纳入拨款公式。与投入拨款相对,产出或绩效拨款是指根据一些产出指标分配资源的拨款方式。丹麦、荷兰和美国的部分州,是三种不同类型的绩效拨款方式的代表。借鉴绩效拨款机制在各国高等教育中的实践,对目前我国高等教育拨款方式的改革是有意义的。 相似文献