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1.
本文通过太阳总辐射气候学计算公式Q=Q0（a＋bs）,根据玉树站1993～2009年历年各月的总辐射和日照百分率,采用最小二乘法拟合出公式中各月的经验系数,并计算了玉树州各气象站太阳总辐射值。结果表明：玉树地区太阳总辐射年总量大致在6300～6600MJ·m^-2之间,空间分布由西向东逐渐递减。高值区在玉树西部,五道梁年总辐射为6639．5MJ·m^-2,低值区在玉树东部的清水河,年总辐射在6350MJ·m^-2以下,区域平均为6446．5MJ·m^-2。太阳总辐射年变化表现为5月最大,12月最小。近年来随着气候变暖和大气污染的影响,云量和气溶胶增多,从而增强了大气对太阳光的反射及吸收作用,使太阳辐射减小,日照时数下降。玉树地区太阳辐射资源丰富,可利用日数多,可开发条件优越,综合利用太阳能的潜力巨大。 相似文献
2.
杭州太阳日总辐射变化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
太阳辐射是地球上最基本、最重要的能源来源,也是气候形成和天气变化的主要因子之一,对工农业生产、国防建设有着重要的意义.本文利用太阳总辐射的气候学经验公式Q=O0(a+bs),根据杭州1993年～2005年逐时太阳总辐射和逐日日照百分率的资料,采用SPSS统计软件的回归分析,按季节导出杭州太阳日总辐射经验公式的系数,并对四季经验公式进行检验与误差分析.结果表明:①按季节建立的经验公式的精度较高;②杭州地区月太阳总辐射平均值为359.17MJ/m2,月太阳总辐射在(204.31～564.83)MJ/m2之间;月变化表现为双峰型,5月和7月为两个高值,6月因受梅雨天气的影响为一相对低值;③杭州日总辐射的历年平均值为11.87MJ/m2,上午、下午辐射总量分别7.52MJ/m2和4.35MJ/m2.比例约为1.7:1一天中杭州太阳总辐射最大值在11时36分出现. 相似文献
3.
利用风云系列静止气象卫星可见光通道的行星反照率和红外通道亮温,依据地球-大气系统的物理模式反演得到三江源地区太阳总辐射。本文在Dedieu模式的基础上,考虑了高程、气溶胶、云和水汽的变化对晴天地表太阳辐射的影响,同时结合2005年-2007年玉树、玛沁两站地面实测辐射资料对模型参数修正,反演得到了地面的太阳总辐射;反演数据与地面辐射站直接测量的结果进行了比较分析,小时、日辐射相关系数达0.92以上,晴天两者的差别在5%以内,绝对误差在2MJ/m2以内。小时太阳总辐射时间尺度上开口向下抛物线,最大值在中午13时左右,最小值出现19时;日太阳辐射波动变化,日最大值约为42.50MJ/m2,最小值为1.38MJ/m2;在对计算地表太阳总辐射的经验公式进行时间推广时,根据梯形积分的思想,计算日太阳总辐射,反演值与实测值一致性较高。从月太阳总辐射空间分布图分析,年内选择辐射最大月份7月份分析,三江源地区7月份太阳总辐射在(500～800)MJ/m2之间,并呈从西到东减少趋势,最大值分布主要集中在可可西里地区,最小值集中在东南部地区。研究该区域太阳能其分布特征不仅可以拓展清洁能源的利用,而且有利于三江源地区植被生态环境保护。 相似文献
4.
上海地区太阳总辐射及其时空分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据上海地区徐家汇站1961年-1990年月太阳总辐射量与月日照百分率、月平均总云量、月相对湿度、月浮尘烟霾总数等气象要素,运用太阳总辐射气候学计算原理,选定上海地区不同太阳总辐射的气候学计算公式,并用选定的公式计算出1991年-2008年宝山月太阳总辐射量值.然后根据宝山站计算值与实测值的最小误差(6.3%)确定适合上海地区月太阳总辐射的气候学计算公式.最后依据确定的气候学计算公式推算上海地区各气象站1961年-2008年累年各月太阳总辐射量,并分析上海地区太阳总辐射的时空变化特征,结果表明:上海地区7月总辐射量最多,其次是8月和5月,6月正午太阳高度角虽最大,但天空遮蔽度比5月、7月、8月大,因此总辐射量比5月、7月、8月要少.因上海地区地域面积小,太阳总辐射的空间分布略有差异.太阳总辐射量的空间分布差异为:年东北部及南部沿海地区最多;春季东北部最多;夏季南部沿海最多;秋冬季北部最多;7月~8月差异略为明显,其它月差异较小. 相似文献
5.
1960年至2009年河西走廊东部太阳辐射变化规律及太阳能资源利用分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用线性回归分析和Mann-Kendall检验法,统计分析了河西走廊东部1960年-2009年近50a来的太阳总辐射和日照时数的变化规律。结果表明:河西走廊东部年平均太阳总辐射为5988.7MJ/m2,为太阳能资源丰富区,太阳总辐射存在明显的季节变化,月和日太阳总辐射变化趋势均呈单峰型。河西走廊东部年平均太阳总辐射在波动中上升,其线性倾向率为+12.7MJ(/m2·a);春、夏、秋、冬季的太阳总辐射呈不同程度的上升趋势,线性倾向率为+4.72MJ(/m2·a)、+5.69MJ(/m2·a)、+2.0MJ(/m2·a)、+0.17MJ(/m2·a)。年太阳总辐射、年日照时数的突变增大年与区域内气候开始变暖年同步,气候变暖使区域内中北部川区降水呈增多趋势,说明全球增暖的气候背景下,降水增多对空中的大气污染物有抑制作用,有利于河西走廊东部太阳能总辐射值、日照时数的增大。河西走廊东部年日照时数在空间分布呈现由北向南逐渐减少,季节分布呈现由夏-春-秋-冬季减少。研究区域太阳能资源总量丰富,有利于太阳能资源的开发利用。 相似文献
6.
通过对1981-2010年杭州太阳总辐射和日照时数资料统计分析,结果表明:杭州太阳总辐射近30 a呈现上升趋势,春季太阳总辐射上升趋势最为显著;月太阳总辐射呈双峰型变化,7月最高、1月最低。日照时数近30 a呈现下降趋势,夏季和冬季日照时数下降趋势显著,夏季日照时数最高,冬季最低,春秋两季日照时数差异不大,月日照时数7月最高、2月最低。对杭州太阳能资源进行分析评估,结果表明,近30 a杭州太阳总辐射年平均值4196.41 MJ/m2.a,属于太阳能资源较丰富区;太阳能资源稳定程度指标为4.5,属于太阳能资源不稳定区域。 相似文献
7.
中国西北地区太阳总辐射的气候特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用中国西北地区28个测站1961年-2003年1月-12月太阳总辐射资料,采用趋势分析、Mann-Kendall分析、相关分析、对比分析等方法,分析了43年来西北地区太阳总辐射的时空分布特征及其变化规律。结果表明:①西北地区太阳总辐射在(4300～7000)MJ(/m2·a)之间,从东南和西北向中部增加,高值区在青海高原。冬季总辐射最少,夏季最多,春季多于秋季;区域内总辐射表现出"愈多愈稳"的分布特征;②西北地区年总辐射以92.07MJ(/m2·10a)的速率递减,1973年是突变点,北疆和西北地区东部的减少率最大,减少中心在吐鲁番和西宁;总辐射年、季变化相似,20世纪60年代-70年代偏多,80年代达到最小值,90年代以后有所增加但仍以偏少为主,这与全球的变化趋势一致;③青海高原的太阳总辐射呈双峰型分布,其余大多数地方为单峰型;④通过分析发现云量、相对湿度、降水等影响总辐射的地理分布,间接证明大气气溶胶含量的增加可能是总辐射下降的原因。 相似文献
8.
河西走廊东部太阳能分布特征及指数预报 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用线性回归和线性相关分析方法对近30a年河西走廊东部民勤代表站的太阳总辐射资料进行研究。结果表明:河西走廊东部年平均太阳总辐射为6166.2MJ/m2,年平均太阳总辐射总体呈上升趋势,进入21世纪后,年太阳总辐射值稳定在(6000～6400)MJ/m2的高值区间上,说明全球增暖的气候背景下,河西走廊东部太阳能总辐射值稳定且有所增大,这为该区域内太阳能资源开发提供了有利的气候背景。太阳总辐射存在明显的季节变化,夏季最强,次强为春季,最弱的是冬季。太阳总辐射的月际变化呈单峰型,最大月份出现在6月,最小月出现在12月。尝试利用ECMWF数值预报产品作为预报因子库,采用press算子普查影响太阳总辐射变化的主要因子,对一特定地区和特定季节影响太阳总辐射变化的主要因素有温度、水汽压、相对湿度、比湿、温度露点差、露点温度等。这些因子不但与表征太阳辐射强弱的温度有关,还与空气中水汽含量的多少有关。采用最优子集回归精选因子,建立逐日太阳总辐射BP神经网络分月预报模型,并将其预报产品根据不同季节服务对象的不同划分预报等级指数,提出服务对策建议。业务试用结果表明:BP神经网络预报模型具有较强的非线性处理能力,能较好地表征日太阳总辐射的变化,预报拟合率和准确率均达较高水平,业务系统与MICAPS对接,实现全自动化,可制作一周内太阳辐射指数预报,为太阳辐射精细化预报提供了重要的技术支撑,也为开展太阳能气象指数预报提供了一种好的思路和方法。 相似文献
9.
塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地太阳紫外辐射特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地(塔中站:83°40'E,39°01'N)2007年1月-12月紫外辐射和总辐射的观测资料,分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地太阳紫外辐射的气候学特征。结果表明:①本地区太阳紫外辐射年总量为305.64MJ(/m2·a)。年平均日总量为0.84MJ/m2,大于黑河、太湖和青藏高原地区。紫外辐射年平均值在总辐射年平均值中所占比例为4.99%,小于太湖和北京,大于黑河地区和五道梁,月平均日总量7月最大;②其日变化,晴天呈现出标准的倒"U"型,即早晚小、中午大,正午达到一天中的最大值;③紫外辐射受云量、降水和沙尘的影响很大;④紫外辐射在总辐射中所占比例有明显的年、季节和日变化,其年变化分为三个明显不同的阶段,夏季大,冬季小。青藏高原地区春夏大,冬季小,北京地区和黑河地区相近,分别是冬季大,夏季小和冬季大,春夏小。 相似文献
10.
本文基于河西地区的3个太阳辐射站1993-2013年的辐射资料及13个气象站1961-2010年的年尺度和月尺度日照资料,对河西地区太阳能稳定程度进行评估,分析结果表明:敦煌、酒泉、民勤的年太阳总辐射在5302-6672MJ/(m~2·a)之间,属于太阳能资源较丰富地区。河西地区全年日照总时数在2956-3241h之间,5-8月日照时数最多,12-2月最少,季节变化与太阳总辐射相同。历年中各月日照时长大于6小时天数的最大值与最小值比值在1.29-1.80之间,表明河西地区太阳能较为稳定且可利用价值较高。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
13.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
15.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
16.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
17.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献