共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 562 毫秒
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对科学与技术不做区分会导致科技政策的偏差。本文从区分科学与技术的界限出发,梳理两者在历史上的演进关系,发现科学与技术的关系经历了从无到有、从疏远到密切的过程,并评价发达国家在起飞阶段的科学技术政策得失,最后为我国的科学与技术发展提出若干政策建议。 相似文献
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科技人才科普能力建设机制研究——基于中科院科研院所的调查分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
加强科技人才科普能力建设是改进我国科技管理、发展科普事业的重要任务。通过资料分析、实地走访、深度访谈及问卷调查,认识到,目前我国科技人才科普能力建设得不到有效的制度支撑,不能满足国家和社会公众的需要。以中科院为例,科普投入不足,科技人才科普积极性自觉性不强,人均实际投入科普工作量下降,科普创新及科普专业能力不高。建议改进科技人员考评、科研项目管理等方面制度,加强科技人才开展科普的动员、投入、培养、激励机制建设,壮大科技人才科普队伍规模,提高科技人才科普专业水平和创新能力。 相似文献
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Allison D. Watts Robert D. Hamilton III 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2011,22(2):81-93
Technologists seek to advance practical applications of science while scientists seek to advance knowledge which may or may not have a practical application. Firms with a stronger basic science focus, e.g. biology and chemistry, seek to advance their scientific knowledge foundation in addition to developing and selling innovative products. Firms with a more highly applied science foundation (medicine, engineering, etc.) prioritize the development and sale of innovative products. Combining an Absorptive Capacity (AC) approach with Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) this study explores and explains how firms gain knowledge and perform given their scientific focus.Findings indicate that firms with a stronger basic science orientation are less profitable than firms with a stronger applied science orientation. Applied science firms had more acquisitions and cooperative organizations but both types of firms were more likely to acquire other firms in their quest to build knowledge stores rather than partner. Partnerships with universities were more prevalent among basic science firms than with applied science firms. 相似文献
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Shapiro AR 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2012,103(1):99-110
Recruitment into the scientific community is one oft-stated goal of science education--in the post-Sputnik United States, for example--but this obscures the fact that science textbooks are often read by people who will never be scientists. It cannot be presupposed that science textbooks for younger audiences, students in primary and secondary schools, function in this way. For this reason, precollegiate-level science textbooks are sometimes discussed as a subset of literature popularizing science. The high school science classroom and the textbook are forums for exposing the public to science. The role of governments and educational institutions in regulating the consumption of these texts not only determines which books are used; it influences how they are written, read, and deemed authoritative. Therefore such science textbooks should not be seen as (at best) the disjunction of texts-for-training and books-for-popularization. A changing sense of what "textbooks" are compels a different understanding of their use in the history of science. 相似文献
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Marc Dupuis 《Endeavour》1981,5(3):107-112
The rapid rise of advanced technology in Japan is a major factor in the world economy, but one whose origins are not generally understood. Still less is known in the West of Japanese science, as distinct from science imported from other countries. The author of this article, who has had exceptional experience in Japan, argues that a proper understanding of Japanese science and technology, and of their likely development in the future, must be based as much on knowledge of their history as on knowledge of their present organisation. 相似文献
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Simon RM 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2011,20(3):334-346
Research into the public understanding of science has revealed that the effect of scientific knowledge on attitudes toward science is contextualized by gender; however there has not yet been an account of how gender contextualizes knowledge. This paper investigates how gender identification affects attitudes toward science, and tempers the effects of scientific knowledge on attitudes toward science. Utilizing data from the Eurobarometer 52.1, it is predicted that when males perceive a threat to their masculinity (as measured by a perceived threat to their financial security) they will become more likely to be aversive to biotechnology, and that increased levels of perceived threat will reduce the effects of knowledge on attitudes toward biotechnology. Moreover, it is predicted that these effects will be smaller than their female counterparts. All predictions are affirmed. 相似文献
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Nicholas R. Maradin III 《Ethics and Information Technology》2013,15(2):77-86
In 2009, the United States Air Force aired a series of science fiction-themed recruitment commercials on network television and their official YouTube channel. In these advertisements, the superimposition of science fiction imagery over depictions of Air Force operations frames these missions as near-future sci-fi adventure, ironically summarized by the tagline: “It’s not science fiction. It’s what we do every day.” Focusing on an early advertisement for the Air Force’s Reaper unmanned aerial vehicle, this essay explores how themes essential to the science fiction genre play a role in influencing contemporary attitudes about autonomous and semi-autonomous robotic weapons, as well as the way in which the aesthetic and functional qualities of these advanced technologies are used to frame moral arguments about their use. As a reconfiguration of the near-future battleground in the guise of science fiction, the “Reaper” ad reveals the way in which science fiction has come to serve as a functional-aesthetic benchmark and cultural sounding board, against which “every day” technologies can be measured and claims about their value, ethos, and social appeal are made. This essay explores the ethical entanglements between science fiction film and video games, and military technology, and the complex role science fiction plays in influencing public attitudes towards military technologies. 相似文献
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行星科学是一门新兴交叉学科,形成于20世纪60—70年代的第一次国际深空探测热潮。行星科学是研究太阳系内与系外行星、卫星、彗星等天体和行星系的基本特征,以及它们形成和演化过程的科学。行星科学以深空探测为主要研究手段,由地球科学、空间科学、天文学等学科交叉产生。当今世界美国成为独一无二的行星科学强国,缘于其率先建立了行星科学学科和人才培养体系,以及科学引领深空探测的发展思路。当前国际上处于第二次深空探测热潮的上升期,我国的深空探测事业迅猛发展,取得了举世瞩目的成就,已然成为崛起中的深空探测大国。但是,我国的行星科学学科尚未建立,亦无人才培养体系,无法匹配和支撑国家深空探测战略规划的实施。行星科学学科建设的滞后已成为制约我国成为深空探测强国和行星科学强国的瓶颈。因此,行星科学一级学科建设迫在眉睫。中国科学院大学等高校有条件、有能力、有优势率先建成行星科学一级学科,继而带动相关高校共建中国行星科学人才培养体系,服务和引领未来深空探测计划,推动我国成为行星科学强国。对比美国行星科学发展历程和当今我国国情,我们认为,充分发挥中国科学院大学科教融合办学模式的优势,有望探索出一条有中国特色的行星科学一级学科建设之路。 相似文献
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以SSCI(社会科学引文索引)收录的信息科学和图书馆学期刊为范围,在2年影响因子时间窗口内,实证分析非可被引文献(Non-citable Document,NCD)的引证特征。结果发现,信息科学和图书馆学期刊发文数量、被引频次百分比较高的NCD类型是述评、信稿,2种文献引证效率也较高;NCD不仅可被引而且还对文献进行施引,NCD的被引量和NCD对可被引文献引用的引用量在影响因子被引量中占很大一部分;部分期刊NCD对影响因子的贡献率不容忽视。本研究有利于国内信息科学与图书馆学领域科研工作人员了解国际相关领域期刊的文献特征,有意识调整办刊方式、办刊理念和办刊技巧,加强选题策划,提升期刊影响力。 相似文献
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科技创新是江泽民科技思想的核心和精髓,因此研究江泽民科技创新思想体系,对于更好地领会这一科学思想的精神实质,指导我国的科技实践具有极其重要的意义。本文综合归纳出江泽民科技创新思想的体系结构,分析江泽民科技创新思想的理论基础。同时本文指出我国的科教兴国、高科技产业化发展和建设国家创新体系等三大科技战略是江泽民科技创新思想在我国的具体实践,并阐述了江泽民科技创新思想体系的科学性、前瞻性、时代性和实践性等理论特征。 相似文献
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本文通过对我国257名中国科学院院士和中国工程院院士的调查,了解了院士通过大众传媒参与科学传播活动的基本情况,并探讨了院士通过大众传媒参与科学传播活动与其所从事行业的关系.调查发现,从行业领域来看,与社会发展和人们生活直接相关的学部的院士参与科学传播活动比例较高;从两院院士的对比分析来看,中国工程院院士较中国科学院院士整体上更善于利用传媒资源获取公众对自身科研工作的支持. 相似文献
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Alexander A 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2011,102(3):475-480
Up until the 1950s, the history of mathematics was an integral part of the history of science. To George Sarton and his contemporaries, mathematics was the rational skeleton that organized science and held it together, and its history was a fundamental component of the broader history of science. But when historians began focusing on the cultural roots of science rather than its rational structure, the study of mathematics was marginalized and ultimately excluded from the history of science. The alienation between the two fields is detrimental to both, and in recent years there has been a sustained effort to reestablish meaningful communication between the two. This time, however, mathematics is seen not as the static skeleton of science but, instead, as a dynamic and historically evolving field in its own right-just like science itself. The new approach allows for a culturally sensitive study of mathematics, as well as a new and fruitful relationship between the history of science and the history of mathematics. The essays in this Focus section offer a sampling of the new approaches, opening the way to a rapprochement between fields that have gone their separate ways but should by rights be closely interconnected. 相似文献
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Shen G 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2007,98(3):584-596
Historians of science in modern China have tried to challenge misconceptions that late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Chinese were slow to master science or, worse, that they missed the point of science altogether. In so doing, we have often put aside basic questions-like why Chinese were interested in modern science in the first place or how they found modern science useful for their own purposes-in order to demonstrate the quality and advancement of scientific work in China. But overlooking these underlying issues not only strengthens the myth of science as an obvious and inevitable step in development; it also limits the relevance of the Chinese case to the history of science more broadly. If, instead, the spread of science is reconceptualized as a problem of desire and utility, the Chinese example may suggest interesting new avenues for the study of cultural innovation across geographic and disciplinary frameworks. 相似文献
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自20世纪90年代中期以来,“公众科学”的概念逐渐受到学界关注并形成了一个新的研究领域,但目前学界对于“公众科学”的内涵仍没有共识。为此本文追溯了实践进路和政治进路两种不同内涵的公众科学的源起、内容与影响,并对两种公众科学的形成背景、理论预设、政策影响等方面的差异进行了系统比较;同时阐述了已有研究对于融合两种公众科学进路的尝试。最后,文章提出公众科学是一种以公众为主体的新知识生产方式,并结合国内公众科学情况提出了几点发展建议。 相似文献
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空间科学任务与其他航天任务的根本不同在于其产出。如果说应用类航天任务的产出是应用和服务,如通信、电视广播、导航、气象预报、海洋预报,资源勘察,以及土地规划和利用等,那么空间科学任务的产出则是对太空和宇宙的新发现和对其自然规律的新认识,以及由此形成的新的科学知识。因此,判断一个空间科学任务是否成功的核心要素是其是否有相应的科学产出。文章以科学产出最大化为牵引,从规划论证到产出评估的空间科学任务全生命周期的角度,对每一个任务阶段和节点,提炼出了相应的管理要求和措施,特别是对如何实施科学产出的评估提出了3条具体建议。 相似文献