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1.
本研究的目的是充分利用自动化技术来改造身体成分研究中广泛采用的“水下体重测量系统”。ST型自动化人体密度测量系统的特点:1.陆地体重、残气量和水下体重的测量在一个系统内完成,减小了由多系统测量过程所造成的误差。人体密度测量精度可达到5×10~(-4)克/毫升。2.采用万向轴连节结构来消除测量水下体重时产生侧向剪切力这一国际性难题。3.该系统的数据采集和计算管理全部由微机完成,有效地提高了人体密度测量的可靠性和可重复性,而且反馈迅速,受试者更易于接受。 相似文献
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金晓峰 《体育科技文献通报》2006,14(5):86-86
研究对象与方法:18～22岁大学女生18名,分别测量身高、体重和身体体积。身高、体重的测量均采用国家认定的体质测试仪器。身体体积测量采用自制的直径为0195米、高为1120米的铁容器,容器内安装一个有高度的刻度标记,将水灌入一定的高度,让学生慢慢地完全浸入水中,记录高度差(h) 相似文献
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四、人体测量的主要指标与方法人体测量是用测量以描述人体的特征与变异状况。测量的目的是通过人体测量所得的数据对人体特征进行定量分析。例如对人体形态结构的测量,就是应用活体测量技术,研究其形态结构特点和发展变化的规律,为促进身体发育发展和增强体质,为体育教学、训练提供信息和资料,以评价一个人的身体正常姿势、体型类别、营养状况以及量度人体各部肢体的长度、宽度和围度的各种比例,并应用各种指数进行分析与评价。为了充分说明人体的形态特点,需要测量的指标一般常用的有体长测量、肢长测 相似文献
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<正> 问:我是土耳其首都一游泳与水球运动俱乐部的成员。我读了你的关于人体结构测量一文,想了解如何在水下测量人体脂肪的百分比。——土耳其、安卡拉,R、A、A,艾兰尼答:在水下测体重被认为是估计人体脂肪在体重中所占的百分比的最好的方法。水下测体重方法是建立在物理学与数学原理的基础之上。因此,要了解这一方法是如何进行的,我 相似文献
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张鹏瑞 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》1983,(1)
前言人体是由脂肪组织和非脂肪组织组成。脂肪是反映身体营养状况的指标,一般以测量皮下脂肪厚度进行定量。非脂肪成分主要是骨骼,肌肉,它的重量等于体重减去脂肪量,称为去脂体重。去脂体重更能真实地反 相似文献
6.
王童 《体育科技文献通报》2005,(6)
1 身高、体重等级评定标准“身高标准体重”的评定标准 ,将不同身高段 (m)所对应的正常体重 (kg)值标准化 ,它是世界卫生组织 (WHO)推荐反映学生营养水平的一种评价方法。2 极大似然体质等级判别指标(1 )形态指标 :是人体测量复合性指标 ,主要用于青少年体格发育和营养状况的评价。(2 )机能评价 :一是肺活量体重指标 :通过肺活量与体重的比值 ,评价人体呼吸机能复合性的指标。二是台阶指数 :主要通过有节律的登台阶运动持续时间与恢复期测定的脉搏次数相应的比值 ,以评定人体心血管系统的机能水平。(3)体能指标 :5 0m跑 (速度 )、1 0 0 0… 相似文献
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对青少年体重日变化规律的分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以大连市7～17岁的569名（男291名，女278名）学生为研究对象，在不同时段进行测量。结果表明，上午与下午的体重差值，男生在-0．05～0．46kg之间，其均值为0．17kg；女生在0．10～1．14kg之间，其均值为0．21kg。男、女青少年体重用餐后体重有所增加，但体重的日均值时段没有集中出现，分布相对分散。因此，为了提高测试效率，保证下午测量体重的准确性，建议制定体重测量误差的修正系数。 相似文献
9.
运动员减体重,主要是减体内脂肪百分比,保证一定的瘦体重,肌肉的重量。人体脂肪含有许多脂肪细胞,而脂肪的增加主要是因为脂肪细胞数目增多和体积增大引起。据国外报导,脂肪细胞数目一般在16岁不再增加,16岁以后主要是由于脂肪细胞体积增大引起。这种情况下减肥效果一般较好。 据调查目前运动员一般引起体脂高的主要原因是 相似文献
10.
人体是由脂肪和非脂肪两种成分构成.脂肪是反映身体营养状况的指标,一般以测量皮下脂肪厚度进行定量.非脂肪成分主要是骨骼、肌肉,它的重量等于体重减去脂肪量,称为去脂体重.去脂体重更能真实地反映运动器官的发育状况,对评价身体健康和运动机能水平具有较大的意义.国外对一般人和优秀运动员皮下脂肪厚度的测量及身体脂肪百分比有过报导,如美国、日本等.在我国对局部地区儿童少年皮下脂肪厚度有过调查,对游泳、足球运动员皮下脂肪厚度有过测量,但对速滑运动员的身体成分的研究、未见有资料发表. 相似文献
11.
Beat Knechtle Thomas Rosemann Andrea Wirth Patrizia Knechtle 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):563-568
In 28 male Caucasian nonprofessional ultracyclists, we investigated whether anthropometry or training volume had an influence on race speed in the 600 km at the Swiss Cycling Marathon 2007. Anthropometric parameters (age, body mass, body height, skin-fold thicknesses) were determined before the race to calculate body mass index and percent body fat. In addition, participants, using a training diary, recorded their training volume in hours and kilometers in the 3 months before the race. The influence of anthropometry and training volume on speed in the race as the dependent variable was investigated in a multiple linear regression model. Anthropometry showed a moderate association with speed in the race (r2 = .178, p < .05), whereas training volume showed no association (r2 = .000, p > .05). We concluded that anthropometry had a greater influence on race performance than training volume in recreational ultraendurance cyclists. 相似文献
12.
De Ste Croix MB Armstrong N Chia MY Welsman JR Parsons G Sharpe P 《Journal of sports sciences》2001,19(2):141-148
In this study, we used multi-level regression modelling to assess the influence of age, sex, body size, skinfold thicknesses, maturity, thigh muscle volume and isokinetic leg strength on the development of load- and inertia-adjusted peak (1 s) and mean power (30 s) determined using the Wingate anaerobic test. Fifteen males and 19 females were measured twice, first aged 10.0 +/- 0.3 years and then aged 11.8 +/- 0.3 years. Initial models identified body mass and height as significant explanatory variables (P < 0.05) for peak power and mean power, with an additional age effect for the former. No significant differences between the sexes or maturity effects were observed for either peak or mean power (P > 0.05). The introduction of sum of skinfolds improved the fit of the model and rendered the height term non-significant for both peak and mean power (P> 0.05). An age effect became apparent for mean power. When isokinetic leg strength and thigh muscle volume were entered into the model, the latter exerted a significant effect on both peak and mean power (P< 0.05), whereas isokinetic leg strength was not a significant explanatory variable for either (P> 0.05). In conclusion, thigh muscle volume exerts a positive influence on young people's short-term power output, which is additional to the effects of body mass, sum of skinfolds and age. 相似文献
13.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(1):16-25
Abstract The aims of this study were to examine training characteristics, body composition, muscular strength, and endurance in sport climbers, and to demonstrate the relationship among these components by means of structural equation modelling. Altogether, 205 sport climbers (136 males, 69 females), with a performance RP (red point) of grade 4 to 11 on the Union Internationale des Association d'Alpinisme (UIAA) scale, took part in the study. The proposed structural model, with latent variable hand–arm strength and endurance (developed from reference values for simple tests), indicated by three manifest variables (grip strength, bent-arm hang, and finger hang) and three exogenous variables (body fat, volume of climbing, and climbing experience), explained 97% of the variance in climbing performance. The relationship between body fat and climbing experience/volume with climbing performance was not direct, but was better explained using the mediator hand–arm strength and endurance. We conclude that these simple tests, together with percent body fat, volume of climbing, and climbing experience, can satisfactorily predict climbing performance. 相似文献
14.
Training frequency is considered an important variable in the hypertrophic response to regimented resistance exercise. The purpose of this paper was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies designed to investigate the effects of weekly training frequency on hypertrophic adaptations. Following a systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scoups, and SPORTDiscus databases, a total of 25 studies were deemed to meet inclusion criteria. Results showed no significant difference between higher and lower frequency on a volume-equated basis. Moreover, no significant differences were seen between frequencies of training across all categories when taking into account direct measures of growth, in those considered resistance-trained, and when segmenting into training for the upper body and lower body. Meta-regression analysis of non-volume-equated studies showed a significant effect favoring higher frequencies, although the overall difference in magnitude of effect between frequencies of 1 and 3+ days per week was modest. In conclusion, there is strong evidence that resistance training frequency does not significantly or meaningfully impact muscle hypertrophy when volume is equated. Thus, for a given training volume, individuals can choose a weekly frequency per muscle groups based on personal preference. 相似文献
15.
Mehdi Kordi Nicos Haralabidis Matthew Huby Paul R. Barratt Glyn Howatson Jon Stephen Wheat 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(1):36-41
Gross thigh volume is a key anthropometric variable to predict sport performance and health. Currently, it is either estimated by using the frustum method, which is prone to high inter-and intra-observer error, or using medical imaging, which is expensive and time consuming. Depth camera 3D-imaging systems offer a cheap alternative to measure thigh volume but no between-session reliability or comparison to medical imaging has been made. This experiment established between-session reliability and examined agreement with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Forty-eight male cyclists had their thigh volume measured by the depth camera system on two occasions to establish between-session reliability. A subset of 32 participants also had lower body MRIs, through which agreement between the depth camera system and MRI was established. The results showed low between-session variability (CV = 1.7%; Absolute Typical Error = 112 cm3) when measuring thigh volume using the depth camera system. The depth camera systematically measured gross thigh volume 32.6cm3 lower than MRI. These results suggest that depth camera 3D-imaging systems are reliable tools for measuring thigh volume and show good agreement with MRI scanners, providing a cheap and time-saving alternative to medical imaging analysis. 相似文献
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Grant M. Tinsley 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(11):1235-1240
Two research groups recently produced equations for estimation of body volume from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. These body volume estimates can be used for body composition evaluation in modified 4-compartment models. In the present analysis, the reliability of body volume calculations, as well as their usage in 4-compartment models, was explored while employing precise scheduling of assessments and dietary standardization. Forty-eight recreationally active males and females completed two pairs of identical assessments, which included a DXA scan and single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Each assessment within a pair was separated by 24 hours, during which participants were provided a standardized diet. Body volume and 4-compartment equations were applied to the data, and metrics of reliability and agreement were calculated for body volume and 4-compartment components. While both body volume equations demonstrated excellent reliability individually, substantial disagreement between equations was present when utilized in 4-compartment equations. The magnitude of this disagreement was 4.3 kg for lean mass and fat mass and 6.9% for body fat percentage. At present, the large discrepancies in body composition components when using existing body volume equations preclude their interchangeability and demonstrate the need for continued exploration of the utility of body volume estimates. 相似文献
17.
Validity and reliability of body composition assessed by the sulphur hexafluoride dilution method 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aims of this study were to assess the validity and reliability of body volume and percent body fat determined by sulphur hexafluoride dilution, using underwater weighing as the criterion method, and to determine the influence of the magnitude of body volume. Thirty-one healthy Japanese individuals aged 18-27 years (16 males: height 1.70 +/- 0.06 m, mass 64.8 +/- 7.7 kg; 15 females: height 1.60 +/- 0.05 m, mass 55.2 +/- 6.2 kg; mean +/- s) participated in the study. Sulphur hexafluoride dilution measures the concentration of sulphur hexafluoride gas in the chamber (BSF-200, Shimazu Corp.). Underwater weighing was performed five times using a weight scale (AD-6204, A&D) after residual volume had been determined (System9, Minato Medical Corp.). There were no significant differences in the mean between two trials for body volume, body density or percent body fat determined by sulphur hexafluoride dilution. The intra-class correlation coefficient of these variables ranged from 0.985 to 0.999. The results suggest that sulphur hexafluoride dilution is a reliable method for assessing body composition. There was no significant difference in body volume or percent body fat between sulphur hexafluoride dilution (males: 61.3 +/- 7.6 litres, 18.4 +/- 6.7%; females: 52.8 +/- 6.9 litres, 21.0 +/- 8.9%) and underwater weighing (males: 60.6 +/- 7.0 litres, 15.6 +/- 3.5%; females: 53.0 +/- 6.5 litres, 23.7 +/- 6.1%) and there was a high correlation between the two (r = 0.997, P < 0.05). A Bland-Altman plot of the difference between percent body fat estimated by underwater weighing and sulphur hexafluoride dilution versus average percent body fat by the two methods showed no systematic difference (mean difference = -0.12 +/- 6.6 kg). The upper and lower limits of agreement were 13.2% and -13.4%, respectively. Determination by sulphur hexafluoride dilution resulted in both over- and underestimations in body volume and the difference between the two body volumes (determined by underwater weighing and by sulphur hexafluoride dilution) was inversely proportional to the mean body volume by the two methods. This suggests that improvements need to be made to the device or to the technique to maintain a constant volume of sulphur hexafluoride in the chamber. 相似文献
18.
Ron Maughan 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):663-664
The aims of this study were to assess the validity and reliability of body volume and percent body fat determined by sulphur hexafluoride dilution, using underwater weighing as the criterion method, and to determine the influence of the magnitude of body volume. Thirty-one healthy Japanese individuals aged 18-27 years (16 males: height 1.70 - 0.06 m, mass 64.8 - 7.7 kg; 15 females: height 1.60 - 0.05 m, mass 55.2 - 6.2 kg; mean - s) participated in the study. Sulphur hexafluoride dilution measures the concentration of sulphur hexafluoride gas in the chamber (BSF-200, Shimazu Corp.). Underwater weighing was performed five times using a weight scale (AD-6204, A&;D) after residual volume had been determined (System9, Minato Medical Corp.). There were no significant differences in the mean between two trials for body volume, body density or percent body fat determined by sulphur hexafluoride dilution. The intra-class correlation coefficient of these variables ranged from 0.985 to 0.999. The results suggest that sulphur hexafluoride dilution is a reliable method for assessing body composition. There was no significant difference in body volume or percent body fat between sulphur hexafluoride dilution (males: 61.3 - 7.6 litres, 18.4 - 6.7%; females: 52.8 - 6.9 litres, 21.0 - 8.9%) and underwater weighing (males: 60.6 - 7.0 litres, 15.6 - 3.5%; females: 53.0 - 6.5 litres, 23.7 - 6.1%) and there was a high correlation between the two ( r = 0.997, P ? 0.05). A Bland-Altman plot of the difference between percent body fat estimated by underwater weighing and sulphur hexafluoride dilution versus average percent body fat by the two methods showed no systematic difference (mean difference =- 0.12 - 6.6 kg). The upper and lower limits of agreement were 13.2% and-13.4%, respectively. Determination by sulphur hexafluoride dilution resulted in both over- and underestimations in body volume and the difference between the two body volumes (determined by underwater weighing and by sulphur hexafluoride dilution) was inversely proportional to the mean body volume by the two methods. This suggests that improvements need to be made to the device or to the technique to maintain a constant volume of sulphur hexafluoride in the chamber. 相似文献
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Abstract Indices of red blood cell (RBC) status were assessed in eight high school women cross-country runners (experimental group) six times during a competitive season (Weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8) and three times (Weeks 0, 1, and 3) in 11 high school women who were not runners (comparison group). The only significant preseason hematological difference between the groups was a higher RBC fragility for the runners. All blood indices for both groups were within normal ranges throughout the study. During the competitive season (Weeks 0–8), the runners had a significant increase in [Vdot]O2 max (ml/kg · min?1) of 7.6% and a significant decrease in post step-test heart rate (13.4%) but showed no changes in body weight, height, or percent body fat. At Week 3, the comparison group showed an increase (0.9%) in body weight, but no changes were observed in the other anthropometric variables or post step-test heart rate. During the competitive season, the runners had significant changes in all blood variables except reticulocyte count; these changes were most marked during the first week of the season when there were significant decreases in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration (8.0%), hematocrit (Hct) (7.7%), RBC count (6.8%), and osmotic fragility (21.5% and 42.0% in 5.95 and 6.80 mM NaCl solutions, respectively) and a significant increase in mean RBC volume (1.8%). In contrast, the only significant change in blood indices of the comparison group was a decrease (1.9%) in mean RBC volume at the end of Week 1. Changes in blood variables of the runners appeared to be transient, in that values at Week 8 were comparable to those at preseason except for mean RBC volume. Although blood volume changes could be responsible for some of the blood variable changes in the runners, the results support increased RBC destruction rather than hemodilution as a cause of the RBC changes in the runners, and suggest a possible stress on body iron reserves for increased erythropoiesis during recovery from those changes. 相似文献