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通过运用ISOMED 2 000多关节等速测力系统对我国国家男子短道队运动员膝、踝关节肌肉力量进行测试和分析,针对运动员力量特征和
表现,深入分析短道速度滑冰500 m项目特征,增强训练的优化性和对项目制胜规律的认识。结论：（1）优秀男子短道运动员在相对峰力矩和相
对总功指标上并没有表现出非常高的能力,在平均功率指标上表现出较好的随速度增加而提高的趋势,但是屈伸比指标远远低于国内外优秀运
动员,由于最大峰力矩角度指标前人研究较少,本研究结果可作为其他研究的基础和支撑;（2）膝伸肌群峰力矩角度（高速）、膝屈肌群平均功率
（中速）和膝屈肌群相对峰力矩（低速）3组数据进入与500 m成绩的逐步回归方程,相关系数为0.955,决定系数为0.912;（3）优秀短道运动员500 m
成绩的力量决定因素主要为高速度区最大力量发力时机、中速度区的肌肉爆发力以及低速度区最大力量储备,膝关节肌群力量相对踝关节在
500 m项目中更加重要。 相似文献
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男子短跑运动员上下肢关节力矩的研究 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
为科学评价运动员专项力量的发展水平,寻找适应短跑运动要求的合理的各关节肌肉力矩比率,科学地制定统一量化的专项力量评价指标,采用等速肌力测试系统,对男子儿童、少年、少体校运动员和青年运动员的髋、膝、肩关节肌力进行了测试研究。结果表明:各组髋、膝、肩关节屈伸肌的峰力矩、相对峰力矩随测试角速度的增大而逐渐减小;屈伸肌的峰力矩比值则随测试角速度的增大而逐渐增大;各组左、右膝关节的伸肌快速力与绝对力量的比值均值小于屈肌,特别是运动员和少体校组差异明显;各组左、右髋关节的伸肌快速力与绝对力比值均大于屈肌;以髋关节为基准求出各髋、膝、肩关节在60°/s时相对峰力矩的比值,运动员与儿童组相比膝关节平均比值增幅较大,而肩关节同比增幅较小。 相似文献
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跳远运动员专项成绩与专项身体素质相关关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对我国 10名男子跳远运动员的专项成绩、专项身体素质以及下肢髋、膝和踝 3大关节等速屈伸肌力矩等指标进行测试。通过相关分析探讨了跳远运动员专项身体素质、下肢力量水平与专项成绩之间的关系 ,发现髋关节屈伸肌肌力、膝关节屈伸肌肌力和伸肌的离心肌力以及踝关节的跖屈肌力与跳远成绩相关 相似文献
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目的:通过对湖南师范大学9名北狮运动员双侧膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试,为揭示该项运动膝关节肌群收缩的生物力学特性提供实验依据。方法:采用BIODEX SYSTEM 3等速测试系统对湖南师范大学北狮运动员膝关节屈伸肌群进行等速测试,测试指标为峰力矩、相对峰力矩、屈伸肌峰力矩比、平均功率及做功疲劳度。结果:1)北狮运动员双侧膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩随测试速度的增加呈递减趋势;2)狮头狮尾屈伸肌群峰力矩比值和做功疲劳度无显著性差异;3)狮头狮尾左右膝关节同一肌群峰力矩无显著性差异。结论:舞狮运动员膝关节肌群峰力矩变化随测试速度的增加而减少,平均功率呈现随运动速度的增加而增加,到达一定速度后随速度的增加而减少的特征。 相似文献
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不同速度等动力矩曲线的形态特征及其和专项力量的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
自从 3 0多年前等动力量测试设备问世以后 ,等动力量测试和评价已经逐渐被广泛应用于康复临床和运动员运动能力的分析和评价中。绝大多数研究主要集中在峰力矩、功、功率及其相对比值的研究上 ,曲线形态指标只有最佳力矩角 ,加速能等局部指标。研究中发现 ,不同速度下力矩 -角度曲线存在巨大差异。本文研究探讨了 40 0米运动员膝、髋关节伸屈力矩曲线在不同速度下的差异特征。并分析了产生这种差异的可能原因。发现高速 (3 0 0°/S)测试中力矩曲线多峰现象 ,并有良好的可重复性 ;最佳力矩角度不仅和运动速度有关 ,还是一个和动作幅度有关的动态的指标。研究认为在多极值曲线中只用最佳力矩角难以反映运动员在高速情况下力量特征的差异。高速下力量曲线的整体形态才能更有效地反映运动员的专项运动能力。 相似文献
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通过对男子青少年中跑运动员进行髋、膝关节等速肌力测试,发现男子青少年中跑运动员髋、膝关节肌力特点及薄弱肌群。方法：对16名上海优秀男子青少年中跑运动员进行髋、膝关节单侧等速向心60°／s×6和240°／s×6测试记录测试峰力矩、最大功率、屈伸肌峰力矩比值。结果：髋关节屈肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩在两个速度存在显著差异（P〈0．05）,伸肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩两个速度存在高度显著差异（P〈0．01）,屈伸肌峰力矩比值存在显著差异（P〈0．05）,膝关节屈肌峰力矩及相对峰力矩无差异,而伸肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩在两个速度存在显著差异（P〈0．05）,屈伸肌峰力矩比值无差异。研究对象髋关节屈肌最大功率和相对最大功率在两个速度存在高度显著差异（P〈0．01）,伸肌最大功率和相对最大功率存在显著差异（P〈0．05）,膝关节屈伸肌最大功率和相对最大功率在两个速度存在高度显著差异（P〈0．01）。结论：髋关节随测试速度增加最大力矩呈现下降趋势,高速测试时峰力矩屈／伸值下降,髋关节屈肌力量需加强;膝关节伸肌峰力矩随测试速度增加减小,屈肌及峰力矩屈／伸值变化不明显。 相似文献
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目的：对广东省女子手球队运动员肩关节屈伸肌群的力矩特征进行研究,为运动队的训练和科研提供参考。方法：运用CON-TREX人体肌力评估和训练系统并选取60°/s和240°/s对运动员两侧肩关节进行等速测试。结果：肩关节伸肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩值均大于屈肌;受试者肩关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值大都在60%-90%之间;大部分队员肩关节同名肌力矩差值在10%以内。结论：广东女子手球运动员两侧肩关节伸肌群力量大于屈肌;右侧肩关节伸肌群的力量大于左侧;在两种不同测试速度下,受试者肩关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值在合理范围内;大部分队员两侧肩关节伸屈肌力量保持平衡。 相似文献
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跳高、排球运动员膝关节屈伸肌群生物力学的特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过应用Cybex-6000等速测试系统对22名排球运动员和28名跳高运动员膝关节肌力进行等速向心肌力测试,以探讨排球、跳高两个不同项目运动员膝关节屈伸等速肌力特征及差别.测试结果表明:跳高运动员优势腿、非优势腿股四头肌相对峰力矩在360(o)/s和90(o)/s上均大于排球运动员;而排球运动员腘绳肌相对峰力矩与跳高运动员无明显差异,排球运动员双侧腘绳肌峰力矩(90(o)/s)差异程度显著小于跳高运动员;排球运动员在90(o)/s的速度下测得的股四头肌与胭绳肌峰力矩比值(H/Q)要显著低于跳高运动员,随着角速度的变化(90~360(o)/s),排球运动员和跳高运动员股四头肌与胭绳肌峰力矩比值(H/Q)均随之增大. 相似文献
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Walaa Sayed Mohammad Osama Ragaa Abdelraouf Salam Mohamed Elhafez Nagui Sobhi Nassif 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):934-939
AbstractIn this study, we compared the isokinetic torques of hip flexors/extensors and abductors/adductors in soccer players suffering from osteitis pubis (OP), with normal soccer players. Twenty soccer male athletes with OP and 20 normal soccer athletes were included in this study. Peak torque/body weight (PT/BW) was recorded from hip flexor/extensor and abductor/adductor muscles during isokinetic concentric contraction modes at angular velocity of 2.1 rad · s?1, for both groups. The results showed a significant difference between the normal and OP groups for hip flexors (P < 0.05). The normal group had significant, lower PT/BW value than the OP group for their hip flexors (P < 0.05). The hip flexor/extensor PT ratio of OP affected and non-affected limbs was significantly different from that of normal dominant and non-dominant limbs. There were no significant differences between the normal and OP groups for hip extensor, adductor and abductor muscles (P > 0.05). Regarding the hip adductor/abductor PT ratio, there was no significant difference between the normal and OP groups of athletes (P > 0.05). The OP group displayed increase in hip flexor strength that disturbed the hip flexor/extensor torque ratio of OP. Therefore, increasing the hip extensor strength should be part of rehabilitation programmes of patients with OP. 相似文献
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Andrew D. Nordin Janet S. Dufek C. Roger James Barry T. Bates 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(18):1858-1863
Our purpose was to use group and single-case methods to examine inter-individual variability in the context of factors related to landing injuries. We tested the load accommodation strategies model (An exploration of load accommodation strategies during walking with extremity-carried weights. Human Movement Science, 35, 17–29) using landing impulse, revealing pre-landing strategies following height and external load manipulations. Ten healthy volunteers (8 male, 2 female, 24.0 ± 1.4 years, 1.72 ± 0.06 m, 73.5 ± 8.7 kg) were analysed across 12 trials in each of three load conditions (100% body weight [BW], 110% BW, 120% BW) from two landing heights (30 cm, 60 cm). Landing impulse (BW ? s) was computed for each participant-condition-trial, using impulse ratios (unit-less; BW ? s/BW ? s) to evaluate load accommodation strategies between adjacent load conditions (110%/100%, 120%/110%) at each landing height. Load accommodation strategy classifications were based on 95% confidence intervals (CIs) containing mechanically predicted impulse ratios (1.10 and 1.09 for 110/100% BW and 120/110% BW, respectively; α = 0.05). Mean group impulse ratios matched and exceeded predicted impulse ratios. Single-case analyses revealed a range of individual landing strategies that might be overlooked during group analyses, possibly uncovering individuals at greater risk of injury during landing activities. 相似文献
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Shalaya Kipp Paolo Taboga Rodger Kram 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(2):152-165
Athletes in the 3,000 m steeplechase track and field event negotiate unmovable hurdles and waterjumps. Ground reaction forces (GRF) in the steeplechase were quantified to elucidate injury risks / mechanisms and to inform coaches. Five male and five female steeplechasers participated. GRF were measured during treadmill running, and using specially mounted force platforms, during hurdle and waterjump takeoffs and landings at 5.54 m/s (males) or 5.00 m/s (females). Results are presented as: male mean ± SD / female mean ± SD. Initial and active peaks of vertical GRF during treadmill running were 2.04 ± 0.72 / 2.25 ± 0.28 BW and 3.11 ± 0.27 / 2.98 ± 0.24 BW. Compared to treadmill running, peak vertical forces were greater (p < 0.001) for: hurdle takeoff (initial: 4.25 ± 0.86 / 3.78 ± 0.60 BW, active: 3.82 ± 0.20 / 3.74 ± 0.32 BW), hurdle landing (active: 4.41 ± 1.13 / 4.21 ± 0.21 BW), waterjump takeoff (initial: 4.32 ± 0.67 / 4.56 ± 0.54 BW, active: 4.00 ± 0.24 / 3.83 ± 0.31 BW), and waterjump landing (initial: 3.45 ± 0.34 / #3.78 ± 0.32 BW, active:5.40 ± 0.78 / #6.23 ± 0.74 BW); (#) indicates not statistically compared (n = 2). Based on horizontal impulse, athletes decelerated during takeoff steps and accelerated during landing steps of both hurdling and waterjumps. Vertical GRF peaks and video indicated rearfoot strikes on the treadmill but midfoot strikes during hurdle and waterjump landings. Potentially injurious GRF occur during the steeplechase, particularly during waterjump landings (up to 7.0 BW). 相似文献
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井兰香 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2020,(2):23-28
目的:计算健美运动员Heath-Carter体型三因子值,统计三因子与肌肉力矩及输出功率的相关性,并分析影响因素。方法:确定60名男子健美运动员的体型类型;测量上、下肢及躯干肌的峰值屈、伸力矩;分别以2.5、5、7.5、10、12.5、15%体重比递增负荷完成自行车蹬车运动,记录每种负荷下的最大输出功率。结果:健美运动员体型三因子平均值为4.40-7.21-1.31(0.31-1.07-0.12),坐标值为(-3.11,8.61),属于远离外因子、偏内胚层的中胚层类型。肌肉力矩和输出功率均与内因子不相关,与中因子呈正相关,与外因子呈负相关。结论:中、外因子影响肌肉力矩和功率输出,对肌肉造型起主要作用。由于内因子值较高且与肌肉收缩能力并不相关,提示不宜将健美训练作为减脂的主要手段。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to test the effects of a 10-month exercise program on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral content/bone width (BMC/BW) of postmenopausal women. Thirty-one women (ages 57-83) completed either a general aerobics exercise program (n = 10), a general aerobics plus upper body weight training exercise program (n = 10), or served as nonexercising control subjects (n = 11). Average compliance rates for the exercise subjects ranged from 72 to 80%. All subjects were pre- and posttested for BMC and BMC/BW in the radius of the nondominant forearm. ANOVA results indicated that there were significant differences between the exercise and control subjects in the amount of change in BMC and in BMC/BW (p less than .05) during the course of the study. The exercise subjects experienced mean increases of 1.38% and 1.33% in BMC and BMC/BW, respectively, whereas the control group had decreases of 2.50% and 2.58%. No significant differences were found for subjects in the two types of exercise programs, suggesting that the effects of exercise relative to maintenance of bone density may be general as well as localized. 相似文献
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Weight bearing (WB) activity is important for healthy skeletal development. The magnitude of loading during WB activities, especially upper limb impacts, has yet to be quantified in children. This study quantifies ground reaction forces (GRF) experienced by children performing WB activities and examines the contribution of body weight (BW) to GRF. Fifty children, aged 8–12 were recruited (34 males). GRF were measured using force plates during 20 upper and lower limb activities (such as landing on the feet and hands). Sex differences in GRF and associations between peak force and BW were examined using independent sample t-tests and linear regressions (p < 0.05), respectively. Lower limb GRF varied from 2-6x BW with no significant sex differences. GRF during upper limb activities varied from 1/3–1.7x BW with males experiencing significantly greater GRF for 25% of activities. BW was significantly associated with peak force in almost all activities; however, GRF variation explained by BW was wide-ranging across activities and not dependent on limb or activity type (static vs dynamic). Therefore, factors other than BW, such as technique, may be important in determining forces experienced by children performing WB activity and should be considered when choosing activities for WB activity interventions. 相似文献
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Carl Foster Michael Pollock Peter Farrell Michael Maksud James Anholm John Hare 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):243-246
Abstract The purpose of this study was to test the effects of a 10-month exercise program on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral content/bone width (BMC/BW) of postmenopausal women. Thirty-one women (ages 57-83) completed either a general aerobics exercise program (n = 10), a general aerobics plus upper body weight training exercise program (n = 10), or served as nonexercising control subjects (n = 11). Average compliance rates for the exercise subjects ranged from 72 to 80%. All subjects were pre- and posttested for BMC and BMC/BW in the radius of the nondominant forearm. ANOVA results indicated that there were significant differences between the exercise and control subjects in the amount of change in BMC and in BMC/BW (p < .05) during the course of the study. The exercise subjects experienced mean increases of 1.38% and 1.33% in BMC and BMC/BW, respectively, whereas the control group had decreases of 2.50% and 258%. No significant differences were found for subjects in the two types of exercise programs, suggesting that the effects of exercise relative to maintenance of bone density may be general as well as localized. 相似文献
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以小鼠为研究对象,研究大豆异黄酮对小鼠运动耐力的影响。将雄性SPF级小鼠160只,体重18~22g,按体重随机分成空白对照组和0.15g/kg.BW、0.30g/kg.BW、0.60g/kg.BW3个剂量组,每组40只。小鼠经口灌胃给予大豆异黄酮30天后,分别测定负重游泳时间、血乳酸、血清尿素氮及肝糖原含量。实验结果发现大豆异黄酮高剂量组与空白对照组相比小鼠负重游泳时间明显延长,小鼠游泳前后血乳酸测定曲线下的面积、血清尿素氮明显低于空白对照组,肝糖原水平明显高于空白对照组。得出大豆异黄酮能提高小鼠运动耐力的结论。 相似文献
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文章通过BIODEX-3多关节等速测力系统对对太极拳运动和健身走运动的中老年人（60人）的下肢肌力进行对比研究与分析。研究结果表明：长期太极拳运动的中老年人踝关节、膝关节的相对峰力矩（PT/BW））和相对爆发力（PT/Time to PK/BW）明显优于健身走运动（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,因此长期坚持太极拳运动对提高和改善中老年人的下肢肌力具有积极作用。 相似文献
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Athol Thomson Einar Einarsson Erik Witvrouw Rod Whiteley 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(3):277-282
AlterG® treadmills allow for running at different speeds as well as at reduced bodyweight (BW), and are used during rehabilitation to reduce the impact load. The aim of this study was to quantify plantar loads borne by the athlete during rehabilitation. Twenty trained male participants ran on the AlterG® treadmill in 36 conditions: all combinations of indicated BW (50–100%) paired with different walking and running speeds (range 6–16 km · hr–1) in a random order. In-shoe maximum plantar force (Fmax) was recorded using the Pedar-X system. Fmax was lowest at the 6 km · hr–1 at 50% indicated BW condition at 1.02 ± 0.21BW and peaked at 2.31 ± 0.22BW for the 16 km · hr–1 at 100% BW condition. Greater increases in Fmax were seen when increasing running speed while holding per cent BW constant than the reverse (0.74BW–0.91BW increase compared to 0.19–0.31BW). A table is presented with each of the 36 combinations of BW and running speed to allow a more objective progression of plantar loading during rehabilitation. Increasing running speed rather than increasing indicated per cent BW was shown to have the strongest effect on the magnitude of Fmax across the ranges of speeds and indicated per cent BWs examined. 相似文献