共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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高原训练对人体生理功能的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
高原训练时机体在低氧的刺激下，将产生一系列适应性生理反应以应对低氧刺激，这些适应有利于运动能力的提高。综述了高原训练对机体呼吸功能、心脏、骨骼肌、血液和激素与代谢的影响。 相似文献
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低氧训练中糖-电解质饮料补充对机体水平衡及运动能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究低氧训练中补充糖-电解质饮料对机体水平衡及运动能力的影响.7名健康体育学院学生参与实验,在常氧或低氧(低氧帐篷,氧体积分数15.4%)下以70%VO2max负荷运动至力竭,运动中不补液或补充佳得乐运动饮料.结果显示,机体在低氧或常氧环境下进行一次性力竭运动后均出现体重下降、血清渗透压升高等脱水现象,运动中补充糖-电解质饮料可明显改善脱水情况,恢复机体水平衡.低氧环境下与常氧下绝对强度相同的运动负荷相对增大,运动中心率明显增加,运动时间明显缩短,但在补液干预下心率反应明显降低,运动时间明显延长.低氧环境下运动机体乳酸积聚的速度加快,补液可使运动后的血乳酸值显著性降低.实验结果提示,低氧训练中适时补充糖-电解质饮料可有效防止体液丢失,并有利于维持心率和消除乳酸,提高机体的运动能力,促进恢复. 相似文献
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1.传统高原训练(HiHi)的基本思路及其思考(1)高原训练的基本思路:高原训练实质上就是利用机体处于高原环境中对缺氧所产生的应答性和适应性变化,改善机体转运和利用氧气的能力。通过运动员在高原低氧环境下承受训练负荷,给机体施加了一个新的训练刺激,以运动性缺氧和环境性缺氧 相似文献
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陈绮文 《体育科技文献通报》2006,14(3)
1.传统高原训练(HiHi)的基本思路及其思考
(1)高原训练的基本思路:高原训练实质上就是利用机体处于高原环境中对缺氧所产生的应答性和适应性变化,改善机体转运和利用氧气的能力.通过运动员在高原低氧环境下承受训练负荷,给机体施加了一个新的训练刺激,以运动性缺氧和环境性缺氧两种负荷的迭加,造成比平原更为深刻的缺氧刺激,以更大程度地调动运动员的身体潜能,从而显著增强有氧耐力训练的效果,快速提高有氧能力. 相似文献
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高原训练作为一种新的训练方法和手段,正逐步在越来越多的运动项目中得到广泛应用。在高原训练过程中,运动机体处于高原低氧环境和运动训练两种因素的双重刺激下,对机体外周血中部分免疫细胞,如白细胞、中性粒细胞和自然杀伤细胞等,会产生一定影响,从而对机体免疫功能和高原训练过程及效果产生相应影响。本研究观察了4周高原训练过程中,运动机体外周血中部分免疫细胞数量及比例变化,探讨高原训练对机体非特异性免疫功能的影响,为高原训练作为训练手段在运动实践中更好地应用提供理论参考。 相似文献
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提要：低氧训练指在平原地区采用人工的方法制造低氧环境或让机体吸入低氧气体来模拟高原低氧环境训练的一种训练方法。其根本目的是通过适度的低氧刺激,使运动员机体产生强烈的生理生化效应,以调动体内的机能潜力,进而使运动员的有氧耐力水平提高.低氧训练研究是目前体育科研中的热点,发表在《体育科学》2006年第26卷第1期上刘媛媛等人的论文“网织红细胞在低氧训练中变化规律的研究”探讨了两种低氧训练手段期间对优秀女子中长跑运动员网织红细胞参数及血红蛋白变化规律的影响,为筛选低氧训练效果的评价和预测指标提供实验依据。 相似文献
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高原训练过程中运动员的营养与补充 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高原训练是指有目的、有计划地将运动员组织到具有适宜海拔高度的地区 ,进行定期的专项运动训练的方法。其理论依据是 ,人体在高原低压缺氧环境下训练 ,利用高原缺氧和运动双重刺激 ,使运动员产生强烈的应激反应 ,以调动体内的机能潜力 ,从而产生一系列有利于提高运动能力的抗缺氧生理反应。因此 ,高原训练作为一种特殊条件下的强化训练手段 ,它的主要作用表现在对机体的刺激深刻 ,可望得到超量恢复 ,提高机体的机能储备。通过高原训练 ,可以最大限度地挖掘机体抗缺氧和耐酸潜能及抵抗恶劣环境的能力。高原训练也可以对人体产生一些不利的影… 相似文献
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我国甲A足球运动员平原与高原体能训练心率反应特征及分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
张立 《武汉体育学院学报》1999,(3)
与平原训练比较,高原体能训练时足球运动员大强度运动的最高心率和运动后１ｍ ｉｎ 心率恢复速率均低于平原地区,表明高原轻度缺氧对心血管机能水平的发挥有明显的制约作用。但从５ｍ ｉｎ后的恢复心率看与平原没有显著性差异,表明这种作用影响不大。实际上轻度缺氧是对心血管机能的良好刺激,有助于提高其机能水平。 相似文献
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Martin Faulhaber Hannes Gatterer Thomas Haider Carson Patterson Martin Burtscher 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):513-519
Abstract In this study, we examined the effects of a pre-acclimatization programme on endurance performance at moderate altitude using a resting intermittent hypoxia protocol. The time-trial performance of 11 cyclists was determined at low altitude (600 m). Athletes were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to the hypoxia or the control group. The pre-acclimatization programme consisted of seven sessions each lasting 1 h in normobaric hypoxia (inspired fraction of oxygen of 12.5%, equivalent to approximately 4500 m) for the hypoxia group (n = 6) and in normoxia (inspired fraction of oxygen of 20.9%) for the control group (n = 5). The time-trials were repeated at moderate altitude (1970 m). Mean power output during the time-trial at moderate altitude was decreased in the hypoxia group (?0.26 ± 0.11 W · kg?1) and in the control group (?0.13 ± 0.04 W · kg?1) compared with at low altitude but did not differ between groups (P = 0.13). Our results suggest that the applied protocol of intermittent hypoxia had no positive effect on endurance performance at moderate altitude. Whether different intermittent hypoxia protocols are advantageous remains to be determined. 相似文献
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模拟高原训练是能够避免高原训练弊端,最大程度激发机体生理潜能,提高运动员竞技水平的有效方法。本研究尝试从设计交替训练的海拔高度着手,通过应用人工低压氧舱模拟高原训练方法,建立固定海拔2500m、4000m以及2500m～4000m交替低氧训练的动物模型,通过应用生理和生化方法对大鼠心肌相关指标进行检测及研究分析,探讨不同海拔及交替海拔训练条件下大鼠心肌抗氧化能力、有氧代谢能力等的变化,从而为运动员高——高交替训练提供参考。实验以雄性Wister大鼠为实验对象,以递增负荷跑台训练方式建立动物训练模型。将筛选后的大鼠随机分为：常氧运动组、2500m低氧运动组、4000m低氧运动组、交替低氧运动组,每组8只。第1周到第4周各组分别以不同的跑台训练模型进行训练,下高原后第5天以25m／min的速度跑至力竭。全部断头处死后,取心肌组织,分别测试各组大鼠心肌中SOD、MDA、SDH、LDH、Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性的变化。实验结果表明：经过4周不同海拔低氧递增负荷跑台训练及下高原后4天的训练,交替低氧运动组大鼠心肌各指标,如SOD、SDH、Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性均高于其他各组,MDA低于其他各组,LDH活性组间无显著性变化。说明交替低氧训练既可以维持较高海拔的低氧刺激,又可以减少过高海拔造成的损伤,有利于机体恢复。 相似文献
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The benefits of living and training at altitude (HiHi) for an improved altitude performance of athletes are clear, but controlled studies for an improved sea-level performance are controversial. The reasons for not having a positive effect of HiHi include: (1) the acclimatization effect may have been insufficient for elite athletes to stimulate an increase in red cell mass/haemoglobin mass because of too low an altitude (<2000-2200 m) and/or too short an altitude training period (<3-4 weeks); (2) the training effect at altitude may have been compromised due to insufficient training stimuli for enhancing the function of the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems; and (3) enhanced stress with possible overtraining symptoms and an increased frequency of infections. Moreover, the effects of hypoxia in the brain may influence both training intensity and physiological responses during training at altitude. Thus, interrupting hypoxic exposure by training in normoxia may be a key factor in avoiding or minimizing the noxious effects that are known to occur in chronic hypoxia. When comparing HiHi and HiLo (living high and training low), it is obvious that both can induce a positive acclimatization effect and increase the oxygen transport capacity of blood, at least in 'responders', if certain prerequisites are met. The minimum dose to attain a haematological acclimatization effect is >12 h a day for at least 3 weeks at an altitude or simulated altitude of 2100-2500 m. Exposure to hypoxia appears to have some positive transfer effects on subsequent training in normoxia during and after HiLo. The increased oxygen transport capacity of blood allows training at higher intensity during and after HiLo in subsequent normoxia, thereby increasing the potential to improve some neuromuscular and cardiovascular determinants of endurance performance. The effects of hypoxic training and intermittent short-term severe hypoxia at rest are not yet clear and they require further study. 相似文献
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Altitude and endurance training 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The benefits of living and training at altitude (HiHi) for an improved altitude performance of athletes are clear, but controlled studies for an improved sea-level performance are controversial. The reasons for not having a positive effect of HiHi include: (1) the acclimatization effect may have been insufficient for elite athletes to stimulate an increase in red cell mass/haemoglobin mass because of too low an altitude (< 2000-2200 m) and/or too short an altitude training period (<3-4 weeks); (2) the training effect at altitude may have been compromised due to insufficient training stimuli for enhancing the function of the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems; and (3) enhanced stress with possible overtraining symptoms and an increased frequency of infections. Moreover, the effects of hypoxia in the brain may influence both training intensity and physiological responses during training at altitude. Thus, interrupting hypoxic exposure by training in normoxia may be a key factor in avoiding or minimizing the noxious effects that are known to occur in chronic hypoxia. When comparing HiHi and HiLo (living high and training low), it is obvious that both can induce a positive acclimatization effect and increase the oxygen transport capacity of blood, at least in 'responders', if certain prerequisites are met. The minimum dose to attain a haematological acclimatization effect is > 12 h a day for at least 3 weeks at an altitude or simulated altitude of 2100-2500 m. Exposure to hypoxia appears to have some positive transfer effects on subsequent training in normoxia during and after HiLo. The increased oxygen transport capacity of blood allows training at higher intensity during and after HiLo in subsequent normoxia, thereby increasing the potential to improve some neuromuscular and cardiovascular determinants of endurance performance. The effects of hypoxic training and intermittent short-term severe hypoxia at rest are not yet clear and they require further study. 相似文献
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为了讨论男子散打项目低氧环境下心率及主观体力感觉等级变化特征,以8名优秀男子散打运动员为研究对象,采用文献资料法、实验测试法、数理统计法对低氧环境下若干指标动态变化情况进行分析。本研究认为,同等负荷下模拟高度变化是引起散打运动员心率升高的主要因素,有无低氧刺激对于散打运动员心率影响较明显,主观体力感觉（RPE）变化特征与心率变化吻合程度较高。提示散打运动员低氧训练改变模拟高度时应遵循渐进性原则,加强首次接触低氧刺激时心率监控,在散打低氧训练中可以采用心率和主观体力感觉（RPE）结合使用,使负荷安排更合理并得到及时反馈。 相似文献
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高原结合低氧训练在游泳项目中的应用是传统高原训练新发展，拓展了高原和低氧训练的效益和功能，日益受到科研工作者和教练员的重视，而这种新训练方法中有效的科研监控内容和方法将是训练是否达到训练目标的重要保障。通过对上海游泳队10名优秀运动员2007—2008年期间3次高原结合低氧训练进行全程跟踪，对训练过程进行全面的科研监控，并对高原结合低氧训练的科研监控内容与方法进行探索与研究，基本建立了游泳项目高原结合低氧训练的科研监控内容与方法，这将为该训练方法在游泳项目中的应用提供有效帮助。 相似文献
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Armstrong LE 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(7):723-740
Environmental factors often influence the physical and mental performance of football players. Heat, cold, high altitude, and travel across time zones (i.e. leading to jet lag) act as stressors that alter normal physiological function, homeostasis, metabolism, and whole-body nutrient balance. Rather than accepting performance decrements as inevitable, well-informed coaches and players should plan strategies for training and competition that offset environmental challenges. Considering the strength of scientific evidence, this paper reviews recommendations regarding nutritional interventions that purportedly counterbalance dehydration, hyperthermia, hypothermia, hypoxia, acute or chronic substrate deficiencies, sleep loss, and desynchronization of internal biological clocks. 相似文献
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潘秀清 《沈阳体育学院学报》2012,31(3):62-65
目的:对20名平原受试者进行为期3周递增性低氧训练,测试其低氧训练前后模拟海拔4 800m(PO2为10.4%～10.8%)时血清抗利尿激素(AVP)和醛固酮(ALD)的变化,并结合AMS评分、心率和血压,探讨递增性低氧训练对模拟高海拔低氧环境的适应效果。方法:阶段1:受试者于模拟海拔4 800m低氧环境中急性暴露6 h,以60rpm、80 W的定量负荷仰卧蹬车20 min,LLS量表评价AMS,测试低氧暴露过程中的HR和BP,低氧结束时的血清AVP和ALD;阶段2:进行3周递增性低氧训练后,再重复阶段1的测试。结果:低训后模拟海拔4 800m低氧环境下,AMS评分大于等于3分的人数由9人降到2人;运动时的心率明显低于低训前;急性低氧暴露6h,血清AVP和ALD均较常氧值显著下降;低训3周后再次低氧暴露,血清AVP和ALD与常氧值相比较,均无显著差异。结论:递增性低氧训练有助于增强机体对低氧的习服。 相似文献
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高原和低氧训练已成为运动员训练的主要方式和手段，其训练目的主要是提高氧运输和摄取能力。目前对促红细胞生成素在训练中变化的报道较多，但在高原训练时间长短以及高原和低氧训练对促红细胞生成素影响异同等方面还没有报道。笔者通过查阅大量文献和对专家进行访谈，对高原训练和低氧训练促红细胞生成素研完进展加以综述，以便对高原和低氧训练过程中促红细胞生成素的影响规律有更加深刻和系统的了解。 相似文献