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优秀跆拳道运动员有氧代谢能力的特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了解我国优秀跆拳道运动员的有氧代谢能力的水平与特征。采用实验法,对我国23名优秀跆拳道运动员在递增负荷运动过程中各时段的气体代谢指标、生理、生化指标的动态变化情况进行测定分析。结果显示,运动员水平越高,VO2max越大,跆拳道运动项目要求运动员具备较强的有氧代谢能力,有目的的通过身体训练提高有氧代谢能力可促进运动员整体供能水平的提高; 通过递增负荷运动中RQ、HR、O2-pluse和BLa的动态变化规律,显示健将级运动员有氧、无氧代谢能力、心肺功能和耐受乳酸能力均优于一级运动员,揭示跆拳道运动水平与运动员有氧和糖酵解供能能力有着密切的关系。 相似文献
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目的：分析血液有形成分某些指标对足球运动员有氧能力的影响，比较不同有氧能力运动员联赛期间血液有形成分变化特点。方法：测定18名足球运动员联赛前和联赛中期血液有形成分指标；采用递增负荷跑台运动方式，测定联赛前反映最大有氧能力的相关生理指标。结果：1，红细胞比容、平均红细胞体积与最大摄氧量显著负相关。2，联赛中期，一般有氧能力组运动员血液有形成分变化比优秀有氧能力组明显。结论：1，血液有形成分在一定范围内影响运动员有氧能力。2，优秀有氧能力运动员对足球联赛大强度运动适应能力强，生理反应较平稳。 相似文献
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优秀武术散打运动员有氧代谢能力特征研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
目的：了解我国优秀散打运动员有氧代谢能力的水平与特征。方法：以我国35名优秀散打运动员为研究对象，对递增负荷运动过程中各时段气体代谢指标、生理、生化指标的动态变化情况进行测定分析。结果：运动员水平越高，VO2max越大，散打运动项目要求运动员具备较强的有氧代谢能力。有目的通过身体训练提高有氧代谢能力促进运动员整体供能水平的提高；通过递增负荷运动中RQ、HR、O2-pluse和BLa的动态变化规律，显示优秀组运动员有氧、无氧代谢能力、心肺功能和耐受乳酸能力均优于一般组运动员，揭示散打运动水平与运动员有氧和糖酵解供能能力有着密切关系。 相似文献
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研究目的:分析青少年足球运动员在逐级递增负荷运动中各生理指标的变化,并探讨心率拐点在青少年运动员有氧能力评定中的应用的可能性,为优秀青少年运动员的科学选拔和科学训练提供可能的理论依据。研究对象与方法:U-15队的20名男子青少年足球运动员,测定最大摄氧量、心率、氧脉搏、通气量、呼吸商值;确定通气无氧阈、乳酸无氧阈、心率拐点。研究结果:本研究测得U-15男子足球运动员心肺功能各指标之间均具有显著相关性。受试者乳酸无氧阈、心率拐点的出现在时间上有高度的一致性。不同受试者个体乳酸阈、心率拐点、通气无氧阈出现的时间和所对应的运动强度有明显差异,随着最大有氧能力的增大向右漂移。Conconi心率拐点可以用来评定青少年运动员有氧能力。 相似文献
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目的：探讨不同水平女子拳击运动员的有氧代谢能力及恢复特点。方法：对24名女子拳击运动员在安静、递增负荷和运动后恢复期三种状态下进行测试。结果：运动员运动水平越高,VO2max越大,说明女子拳击项目要求运动员具备较强的有氧代谢能力;递增负荷过程中各指标的变化具有规律性,表明女子拳击运动员随着运动水平的提高和训练时间的延长,中、低水平运动员的有氧代谢能力具有较大提升空间;运动后,中、高水平运动员的BLa恢复速度快于低水平运动员,说明其有氧代谢能力较强。 相似文献
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有氧能力的好坏是评定耐力性运动员运动水平高低的标志。有氧运动能力强,可以减少运动员的缺氧程度,运动员的利用率高,可以提高运动能力。反映有氧耐力的最佳指标是最大吸氧量,最大吸氧量大的运动员,他的有氧耐力就会好。运动员阶段体能状况如何,可以通过实验室最大递增负荷试验的有氧耐力的好坏来评价。体能状况不好,他的最大吸氧量测定不会理想,同时可以观察到,实验室极限负荷运动试验后即刻的疲劳恢复不会好,而运动后即刻的疲劳恢复情况与出现的最大吸氧量平台现象有着密切相关的趋势。 相似文献
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对运动系2003级18名男子短跑、中长跑运动员进行逐级递增负荷运动实验。通过分析得知,乳酸阈心率为145±10次/min。推荐使用乳酸阈心率这一简便指标来确定训练负荷强度,提高运动员有氧代谢能力。 相似文献
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作为体育社会问题之一的非体育道德行为,影响着当代足球运动的健康发展和社会精神文明的建设。以青少年男子足球运动员为研究对象,运用通过信、效度检验的运动员非体育道德行为的调查问卷,对运动员进行问卷调查,以了解不同年龄、不同水平青少年足球运动员的非体育道德行为影响因素的差异,为中国足球运动的健康发展提供一定的依据。 相似文献
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AbstractDespite the large amount of research available on how engagement in football practice relates to future performance level among football players, similar information about the contribution of non-football activities is scarce. Based on data from 745 elite youth players this study aimed to identify the characteristics and contribution of diverse participation towards elite youth and senior professional status. The data were collected using a retrospective questionnaire where the players reported the amount of time spent in other sports than football, in addition to their perceived contribution of different non-football activities for developing football skills. The accumulated hours of time spent in other sports of players who had obtained a senior professional contract were compared to non-professional players, using multilevel modelling (n = 558), while a t-test compared the activity ratings to each other. No significant differences were identified between professional and non-professional players’ engagement history, but overall, the players rated sports similar to football to be significantly more relevant for developing football skills than other sports. The results suggests that spending time in non-football activities did not contribute to present differences in performance attainment in football, but also that potential advantages of such activities may be related to their characteristics. 相似文献
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Pamela R. Sailors 《体育哲学杂志》2013,40(2):269-286
The popularity and profitability of American gridiron football is beyond dispute. Recent polls put football as the overwhelming favorite of people who follow at least one sport and huge revenues are reported at both the professional and the university level. We know, however, that what is the case tells us little about what ought to be the case, and it is to the latter question that this paper is directed. I offer a three-pronged attack on the ethical acceptability of American football, both amateur and professional, based on (1) harm to the players, (2) objectification of the players, and (3) harm to others done by the players, leading to the conclusion that the sport, as currently constituted, is morally unacceptable. 相似文献
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2008年欧洲杯足球赛运动员年龄、比赛场次与身体形态特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用文献资料调研、数理统计法,从平均数特征、位置平均数特征及结构特征3个方面对2008年欧洲杯足球赛运动员的年龄、比赛场次、身高、体重、克托莱指数5个指标进行比较分析.结果表明:不同位置运动员平均年龄存在显著性差异(P<0.05),平均身高、体重、克托莱指数存在非常显著性差异(P<0.01),而平均比赛场次不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);不同档次球队运动员的5项基本指标不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);不同档次球队守门员运动员的平均身高存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其他4项指标不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);后卫、中场和前锋运动员的5项指标均不存在显著性差异(P>0.05);欧洲杯运动员5项指标的结构特征都具有较好的正态分布效果,说明欧洲项尖足球运动员在年龄、比赛场次、身高、体重和克托莱指数5个方面已经达到相对稳定和平衡的状态.建议根据此结果,结合我国足球实际情况,制定与欧洲优秀足球运动员相适应的选材、培养和训练模式. 相似文献
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Gabbett TJ 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(9):961-976
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the science of rugby league football at all levels of competition (i.e. junior, amateur, semi-professional, professional), with special reference to all discipline-specific scientific research performed in rugby league (i.e. physiological, psychological, injury epidemiology, strength and conditioning, performance analysis). Rugby league football is played at junior and senior levels in several countries worldwide. A rugby league team consists of 13 players (6 forwards and 7 backs). The game is played over two 30 - 40 min halves (depending on the standard of competition) separated by a 10 min rest interval. Several studies have documented the physiological capacities and injury rates of rugby league players. More recently, studies have investigated the physiological demands of competition. Interestingly, the physiological capacities of players, the incidence of injury and the physiological demands of competition all increase as the playing standard is increased. Mean blood lactate concentrations of 5.2, 7.2 and 9.1 mmol . l(-1) have been reported during competition for amateur, semi-professional and professional rugby league players respectively. Mean heart rates of 152 beats . min(-1) (78% of maximal heart rate), 166 beats . min(-1) (84% of maximal heart rate) and 172 beats . min(-1) (93% of maximal heart rate) have been recorded for amateur, semi-professional and junior elite rugby league players respectively. Skill-based conditioning games have been used to develop the skill and fitness of rugby league players, with mean heart rate and blood lactate responses during these activities almost identical to those obtained during competition. In addition, recent studies have shown that most training injuries are sustained in traditional conditioning activities that involve no skill component (i.e. running without the ball), whereas the incidence of injuries while participating in skill-based conditioning games is low. Collaborative research among the various sport science disciplines is required to identify strategies to reduce the incidence of injury and enhance the performance of rugby league players. An understanding of the movement patterns and physiological demands of different positions at all standards of competition would allow the development of strength and conditioning programmes to meet the precise requirements of these positions. Finally, studies investigating the impact of improvements in physiological capacities (including the effect of different strength and conditioning programmes) on rugby league playing performance are warranted. 相似文献
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Tim J Gabbett 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):961-976
The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the science of rugby league football at all levels of competition (i.e. junior, amateur, semi-professional, professional), with special reference to all discipline-specific scientific research performed in rugby league (i.e. physiological, psychological, injury epidemiology, strength and conditioning, performance analysis). Rugby league football is played at junior and senior levels in several countries worldwide. A rugby league team consists of 13 players (6 forwards and 7 backs). The game is played over two 30?–?40 min halves (depending on the standard of competition) separated by a 10?min rest interval. Several studies have documented the physiological capacities and injury rates of rugby league players. More recently, studies have investigated the physiological demands of competition. Interestingly, the physiological capacities of players, the incidence of injury and the physiological demands of competition all increase as the playing standard is increased. Mean blood lactate concentrations of 5.2, 7.2 and 9.1?mmol?·?l?1 have been reported during competition for amateur, semi-professional and professional rugby league players respectively. Mean heart rates of 152 beats?·?min?1 (78% of maximal heart rate), 166 beats?·?min?1 (84% of maximal heart rate) and 172 beats?·?min?1 (93% of maximal heart rate) have been recorded for amateur, semi-professional and junior elite rugby league players respectively. Skill-based conditioning games have been used to develop the skill and fitness of rugby league players, with mean heart rate and blood lactate responses during these activities almost identical to those obtained during competition. In addition, recent studies have shown that most training injuries are sustained in traditional conditioning activities that involve no skill component (i.e. running without the ball), whereas the incidence of injuries while participating in skill-based conditioning games is low. Collaborative research among the various sport science disciplines is required to identify strategies to reduce the incidence of injury and enhance the performance of rugby league players. An understanding of the movement patterns and physiological demands of different positions at all standards of competition would allow the development of strength and conditioning programmes to meet the precise requirements of these positions. Finally, studies investigating the impact of improvements in physiological capacities (including the effect of different strength and conditioning programmes) on rugby league playing performance are warranted. 相似文献
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Martin K. Erikstad Rune Høigaard Bjørn Tore Johansen Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala Tommy Haugen 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(20):2304-2310
Childhood sport participation is argued to be important to understand differences in self-regulation and performance level in adolescence. This study sought to investigate if football-specific activities in childhood (6–12 years of age) is related to self-regulatory skills and national under 14- and 15-team selection in Norwegian elite youth football. Data of practice histories and self-regulatory skills of 515 youth football players selected at Norwegian regional level were collected and further analysed using multilevel analyses. The results revealed that high self-regulated players were more likely to be selected for national initiatives, and increased their involvement in peer-led football practice and adult-led football practice during childhood, compared to players with lower levels of self-regulation. While national level players reported higher levels of peer-led football play in childhood, the interaction effect suggest that the regional level players increased their involvement in peer-led play during childhood compared to national level players. In conclusion, the findings indicate that childhood sport participation may contribute to later differences in self-regulation, and highlights the importance of childhood engagement in football-specific play and practice in the development of Norwegian youth football players. 相似文献
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运用访问调查、问卷调查研究方法对我国青少年足球运动员竞赛状态焦虑、运动动机和应对方式的关系进行了研究。结果表明:进入梯队年限短的青少年足球运动员在认知状态焦虑和躯体状态焦虑平均分低于年长的运动员,在状态自信心上相反;运动动机的认同调节和内投调节维度上存在非常显著性差异和显著性差异;在应对方式的集中解决问题的应对维度上存在显著性差异。3个年龄段竞赛状态焦虑上没有显著性差异;在运动动机的认同调节和内投调节两个维度上存在显著性差异;在应对方式上无显著性差异。不同运动等级青少年足球运动员的竞赛状态焦虑、运动动机、应对方式均无显著性差异。 相似文献
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金川江 《沈阳体育学院学报》2007,26(4):112-115
采用文献资料法、数理统计法,对参加2006年德国世界杯足球比赛运动员的身高、体重、年龄等指标与运动成绩相关性进行比较分析。结果表明:运动成绩最好的欧洲各队是平均身材最高、体重最重的队伍,而运动成绩最差的亚洲各队运动员则平均体重最轻、克托莱指数较低;不同位置运动员在平均身高、体重、年龄和克托莱指数方面存在显著性差异,其中守门员的各项指数最高;参赛运动员平均年龄差异不明显,都维持在较高的年龄水平上;前8名球队和亚洲日、韩球队的运动员在平均身高、体重和克托莱指数方面存在显著性差异。此结果可为中国足球运动的科学选材和训练提供借鉴与参考。 相似文献