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与衰老相关的骨骼肌质量、力量下降称为衰老性肌萎缩.衰老时骨骼肌内氧化应激增强会导致线粒体机能下降、分子炎症,这些因素相互作用诱导肌纤维凋亡,并干扰蛋白质代谢平衡,这可能是衰老性肌萎缩的重要机制.遗传操作研究和运动锻炼研究已证明转录辅激活因子PGC-1α表达增强有利于降低ROS生成并增强线粒体生物合成,降低炎症基因转录.激活蛋白激酶Akt可促进肌肉蛋白质合成,还可抑制蛋白质分解和凋亡.通过运动训练调节PGC-1α、Akt的表达和活性可能是运动干预部分地逆转衰老性肌萎缩的内在机制.探讨衰老性肌萎缩的细胞分子机制及运动干预的作用,在此基础上提出未来研究的方向. 相似文献
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生命在于科学运动。老年人随着年龄的增长，人体机能的衰老是自然现象。但是通过体育锻炼，可以延缓人的衰老过程，延年益寿，能够对老年人的生理机能、心理机能产生积极影响，是老年人身心健康的催化剂。 相似文献
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中药复方制剂对力竭性游泳运动后大鼠骨骼肌线粒体的电镜观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究中药复方制剂对骨骼肌恢复的影响,采用组织学手段,通过电镜观察,研究中药复方制剂对力竭性运动大鼠骨骼肌的超微结构影响,结果发现服用中药复方制剂可以减少运动后线粒体形态结构的变化,改善大鼠骨骼肌线粒体机能,这对机体骨骼肌机能的恢复具有一定的帮助。 相似文献
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分析高原训练时血液机能、呼吸机能、循环机能、骨骼肌等特点，表明高原训练有助于运动员心血管机能提高，血液中天然红细胞生成素增多，肺通气量增加，增进有氧工作能力等功效。 相似文献
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衰老性肌肉丢失是由衰老引起肌肉质量下降和肌肉力量减弱.在机械刺激和组织损伤的情况下,机械生长因子MGF出现表达,具有增加肌肉质量的能力,另外还可能受到生长激素的影响.衰老进程中,骨骼肌MGF表达下降,激活有限的卫星细胞,不能完全修复受损细胞.而运动影响衰老骨骼肌MGF表达,进而减缓衰老性肌肉丢失的发生. 相似文献
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线粒体生物发生、线粒体融合-分裂和线粒体自噬之间的平衡对线粒体质量控制、维持细胞功能和骨骼肌能量稳态至关重要。骨骼肌线粒体功能障碍与许多疾病的发生密切相关，包括与衰老相关的肌肉减少症、肌萎缩、肌营养不良和II型糖尿病等。本文聚焦骨骼肌线粒体生物发生和功能的精细调节网络，综述了运动对骨骼肌线粒体质量控制的调节作用，为未来相关领域的研究提供理论基础并作出展望。 相似文献
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心血管疾病是老年人的常见病。1978年上海市对60岁以上老年人死因的调查表明,循环系统疾病是首要的死亡原因。因此,迫切需要了解人体衰老过程中心脏的变化特点,以便更好地防治心血管疾病,并将衰老变化和病理变化区分开来。在对心脏衰老变化的研究中,前人已做了许多工作,包括对老年人安静和工作状态下的心机能评定和通过建立衰老动物模型对心脏机能和物理性质的研究。但是,由于没有适当的活体检测技术,人们对于心脏形态学增龄变化的研究长期依赖于尸体解剖或心血管道影,心电图,X线摄片等技术的间接推测。 相似文献
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随着老龄化社会的到来，衰老性肌萎缩严重威胁着人类健康，运动作为积极有效的防治方式，其作用机制近年来成为研究热点。从衰老性肌萎缩发生的本质和对不同类型肌纤维的作用差异入手，探讨有氧运动、抗阻训练、高强度间歇运动和自主转轮等不同方式运动改善肌萎缩的可能分子机制。其中，mTOR、TGF-β/Smad信号通路和内质网应激途径等参与骨骼肌蛋白质的合成抑制过程，泛素-蛋白酶体系统、自噬-溶酶体系统、细胞凋亡、细胞焦亡/炎症、氧化应激/铁死亡等途径参与骨骼肌蛋白质分解的促进过程。运动可通过上述信号通路调节蛋白质的合成分解代谢，从而缓解衰老性肌萎缩的进程，为运动缓解衰老性肌萎缩提供更多的理论依据。 相似文献
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线粒体生物合成依赖于细胞核与线粒体基因的协同表达.哺乳动物衰老过程中骨骼肌线粒体氧化磷酸化能力下降,其中线粒体数量和,或线粒体功能的缺失是其重要影响因素之一.运动可以诱导骨骼肌线粒体生物合成产生适应性变化,线粒体呼吸链产生的活性氧和自由基参与了?怂 线粒体到细胞核的信号传导.综述当前有关运动与线粒体生物合成的分子机理、运动对衰老状态下骨骼肌线粒体生物合成的影响以及在此过程中涉及的信号通路. 相似文献
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Juha P. Ahtiainen Juha J. Hulmi Maarit Lehti William J. Kraemer Kai Nyman Harri Selänne 《European Journal of Sport Science》2016,16(8):1055-1063
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its splice variants Insulin-like growth factor-I isoform Ea (IGF-IEa) and mechano growth factor (MGF) may play an important role in muscular adaptations to resistance training (RT) that may be modulated by ageing. It has been suggested that IGF-I induces cellular responses via AKT8 virus oncogene cellular homolog (Akt) and Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) signalling pathways. Therefore, resistance exercise-induced changes in skeletal muscle IGF-IEa and MGF messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), and MGF, Erk1/2, Akt and p70S6K protein expression were investigated before and after 21 weeks of RT in younger (YM, 20–34 yrs., n?=?7) and older men (OM, 51–71 yrs., n?=?10). Experimental resistance exercises (RE) of 5?×?10 repetition maximum leg presses were performed pre- and post-RT. Muscle biopsies were obtained before and 48?h after REs, to study the late response to muscle loading. The muscle proteins or mRNAs of interest were not systematically influenced by the REs or RT, except for MGF mRNA expression which was increased (p?相似文献
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Larry A. Tucker 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(9):1026-1035
ABSTRACTThe length of telomeres is an objective measure of biologic ageing. This study evaluated the extent minutes of walking per week are associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in a random sample of 5,823 U.S. adults. The investigation was cross-sectional and data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). LTL was measured by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Walking minutes was calculated from walking frequency and duration measures. Results showed that for each year of chronological age, telomeres were 15.6 base pairs shorter (P < 0.0001). With walking minutes and LTL treated as continuous variables, the relationship was quadratic, not linear (F = 11.2, P = 0.0023). With walking time divided into three categories, adults who performed ≥ 150 minutes of walking per week had longer telomeres than those who did no regular walking, and those who did some, but less than the recommendation (F = 5.0, P = 0.0137). Regular walkers were estimated to have a biologic ageing advantage associated with 6.5–7.6 years less biologic ageing compared to non-walkers, after adjusting for covariates. Additional investigations designed to study causality and the mechanisms associated with the walking and LTL relationship are needed. 相似文献
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Physical activity and wellbeing in older adults is a global priority in combating negative economic consequences associated with population aging. Quantitative research using a medicalized model clearly associates physical activity with physiological health benefits. However, it is argued that a review of qualitative literature exploring individual experiences of active older adults can provide important insights into physical activity, aging, and wellbeing – specifically, how discourses of ageing and self-identity may interact with physical activity levels. A literature search on electronic databases PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and ProQuest was used to identify qualitative studies of older adults who exercise or engage in competitive sport. Findings reveal that both groups tend to resist dominant negative stereotypes of ageing and view physical activity as central to self- identity. Yet approaches to ageing varied with the competitive sport group adopting a more negative view of the ageing process. Whilst results suggest that different levels of physical activity may impact on the psychosocial wellbeing of older adults, inconsistent definitions of exercise and competitive sport make it impossible to group these differences according to specific physical activity levels. More precise definitions of physical activity constructs in future research may provide a better understanding of these differences. 相似文献
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Krzysztof Kusy Jacek Zieliński Łucja Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(15):1656-1664
AbstractThere are no studies available that portray insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in ageing sprint-trained athletes. We compared male young and master sprint-trained athletes to endurance-trained and untrained individuals. We hypothesised that ageing sprint-trained athletes would preserve insulin sensitivity and β-cell function at a level similar to that of endurance-trained peers and better than in untrained individuals. We showed the associations between age and parameters derived from the updated Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA2 model) in 52 sprint-trained track and field athletes (aged 20?90 years), 85 endurance runners (20?80 years) and 55 untrained individuals (20?70 years). Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were not associated with age in sprint-trained athletes. These variables remained relatively stable across a wide range of age and comparable to those observed in endurance-trained athletes. In contrast, the untrained group showed considerable age-related increase in fasting insulin and β-cell activity and a strong decrease in insulin sensitivity compared to both athletic groups. HOMA2 parameters were significantly related to maximal oxygen in the combined group of participants. In summary, chronic training based on a “sprint model” of physical activity, that contains mixed exercise, seems to be effective in maintaining normal insulin sensitivity with ageing. 相似文献
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Sung-Eun Kim Ju Hong Jun-Youl Cha Jung-Min Park Denny Eun Jaehyun Yoo 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(21):2114-2120
There are few studies on the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and balance in the young ages. We investigated the relationship between appendicular skeletal muscle mass, isokinetic muscle strength of lower extremity, and balance among healthy young men using relative skeletal muscle index. Thirty men were grouped according to relative appendicular skeletal muscle mass index: higher skeletal muscle group (n = 15) and lower skeletal muscle group (n = 15). Static and dynamic balance abilities were measured using the following: a test where participants stood on one leg with eyes closed, a modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (mCTSIB) with eyes open and eyes closed, a stability test, and limits of stability test. The muscle strength of lower extremities was measured with an isokinetic analyser in hip, knee, and ankle joints. Participants with higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass were significantly more stable in maintaining dynamic balance than those with lower appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Moreover, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index was positively correlated with dynamic balance ability. Participants with higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass had stronger strength in the lower extremity, and there were significant differences in the isokinetic torque ratios between groups. From these results, it can be inferred that higher appendicular skeletal muscle mass relates to muscle strength and the alteration in the peak torque ratio of the lower extremity, contributing to the maintenance of balance. 相似文献
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骨骼肌纤维类型研究的新进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
骨骼肌纤维类型和肌纤维蛋白同功型的多样性,以及在不同肌组织中的特定分布和构成比例,决定其对复杂功能的适应能力。骨骼肌纤维类型转变的研究为运动训练提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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运动能力的下降与骨骼肌中的细胞凋亡有着密切的联系，研究运动训练与细胞凋亡的关系及运动导致骨骼肌细胞凋亡的机制意义重大。运动强度与骨骼肌细胞凋亡及坏死的界限的关系，运动诱发骨骼肌细胞凋亡的基因调控及进一步研究骨骼肌细胞凋亡机制等几个方面都将是运动与细胞凋亡方面的研究热点。 相似文献
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于善安 《山东体育学院学报》2012,28(2):54-58
目的:探讨不同强度运动训练对大鼠骨骼肌蛋白浓度OD值及Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响。方法:选用健康雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分对照组、中等强度训练组和大强度训练组。采用考马斯亮蓝法测定各组大鼠腓肠肌中蛋白浓度OD值。采用免疫印迹技术检测骨骼肌中Bcl-2和Bax蛋白含量。结果:和对照组相比,中等强度训练组大鼠腓肠肌中蛋白浓度OD值及Bcl-2的表达显著增加(P<0.05),Bax的表达无明显变化。大强度训练组大鼠腓肠肌中蛋白浓度OD值无明显变化,Bcl-2的表达显著降低(P<0.05),Bax的表达显著增加(P<0.05)。结论:中等强度的运动训练可使大鼠骨骼肌细胞中蛋白浓度OD值及Bcl-2基因蛋白增加,有效促进了骨骼肌的肥大和抑制了骨骼肌细胞凋亡的发生,而大强度运动训练可抑制骨骼肌细胞蛋白浓度OD值及Bcl-2蛋白的表达,促进Bax蛋白的表达,从而促进骨骼肌细胞的凋亡。 相似文献
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细胞骨架及运动性骨骼肌微损伤研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
综述了细胞骨架的结构和功能的研究进展,分析了骨骼肌细胞骨架在维持骨骼肌肌小节的正常结构和功能中的重要性。重点叙述了骨骼肌细胞骨架蛋白desmin、dystrophins、arcoglycant、itin和nebulin在运动中的变化,对细胞骨架蛋白在运动性骨骼肌微损伤中的作用进行了讨论。 相似文献