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1.
John S. Krzyzaniak 《Soccer & Society》2018,19(4):498-515
States have developed a new means of building soft power by sponsoring elite soccer clubs. Through a qualitative analysis of the experiences of Azerbaijan, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, this study explains why jersey sponsorship is appealing to states, and theorizes the conditions under which sponsorship is most likely to be successful. Specifically, sponsoring more teams and teams with stronger brands results in greater soft power gains. Additionally, states that use a state-owned corporation for the sponsorship are more successful than states that do not. More importantly, using the concept of branding, the study gives insight into the mechanics of soft power building. The finding suggests that if states learn from each others’ behaviour, the future may bring differentiation in their sport-as-soft-power strategies. Unbranded states will invest a greater share of resources in elite soccer kit sponsorships and avoid the high-risk proposition of hosting mega-events like the World Cup. 相似文献
2.
中国足球职业化发展过程中，职业足球俱乐部资源的合理利用及其价值最大化是关键问题。从中国职业足球俱乐部壳资源的产生原因和利用效果两个方面对中国职业足球俱乐部的经营和资源的利用状况进行了分析，以期达到真正了解中国职业足球，充分发挥这一资源价值的作用。 相似文献
3.
AbstractMany Chinese professional football clubs change their names more frequently compared with professional football clubs outside of China. By analyzing the historical data of football development history, the title of the sponsorship of professional football clubs in China, as well as the change of property rights, and adopting the method of documentation and browsing method of portals and internet platforms such as the official website of Chinese Football Association, Baibu baike, and Netease CSL data live system, the titles of sponsorship of professional football clubs in China are changed frequently with significant club clustering. Many clubs even have fixed titles but have changed them along with the change in sponsors. The change in a football club title shall be triggered by factors such as the change of economic factors, the change in institutional factors and the combined action of economic factors and institutional factors together. However, the fundamental reason for the frequent change of clubs’ titles shall be the undefined property structures of most clubs, as well as the issues of club brand values and property right confirmation. 相似文献
4.
Since the time of state socialism, Hungarian sport has been totally financed by the state. Therefore, Hungarian soccer and sponsorship market is a relatively new and unexplored subject of research in the field of sports sponsorship, as most studies so far have focused on the major European soccer leagues. The main objective of this paper, focusing on the Hungarian soccer sponsorship market, was to evaluate the range of soccer sponsorship objectives and the range of evaluation tools that sponsors use to measure the effectiveness of their sponsorships. A combined approach of qualitative and quantitative research methods served as the methodological foundation of this study. In the quantitative phase, representatives of the sponsor companies (n=103) were asked to rate the importance of the sponsorship objectives and the importance of the evaluation techniques used to measure the effectiveness of their sponsorships. The results of this study have implications for the sports sponsorship industry, the Hungarian soccer club sponsors, and the sport properties too. According to the research results, many of the Hungarian sponsor companies have failed to assess the effectiveness of sponsorship in meeting their objectives. The research can be used to bridge the gap between the theory and practice of soccer sponsorship in Hungary. 相似文献
5.
球员租借在欧洲兴起并得到很大发展，在2003年冬天欧洲的球员转会市场上，交换和租借性质的转会几乎统领了所有交易。由于现代足球在我国发展比较晚，各项体制和制度不尽完善，以租借形式的球员流动在中国转会市场上几乎凤毛麟角。分析球员租借的利弊，结合我国国情，初步探讨了在我国球员转会市场上实施球员租借的可行性。 相似文献
6.
Christopher Bunn Robin Ireland Jonathan Minton Daniel Holman Matthew Philpott Stephanie Chambers 《Soccer & Society》2019,20(6):824-835
While the nature of gambling practices is contested, a strong evidence base demonstrates that gambling can become a serious disorder and have a range of detrimental effects for individuals, communities and societies. Over the last decade, football in the UK has become visibly entwined with gambling marketing. To explore this apparent trend, we tracked shirt sponsors in both the English and Scottish Premier Leagues since 1992 and found a pronounced increase in the presence of sponsorship by gambling companies. This increase occurred at the same time the Gambling Act 2005, which liberalized rules, was introduced. We argue that current levels of gambling sponsorship in UK football, and the global visibility it provides to gambling brands, is a public health concern that needs to be debated and addressed. We recommend that legislators revisit the relationship between football in the UK and the sponsorship it receives from the gambling industry. 相似文献
7.
Over the last two decades there has been a growth in research directly related to football. Although most of this research is focused on soccer (association football), there has been a steady increase in publications related to the other football codes. There is evidence of more systematic training and selection influencing the anthropometric profiles of players who compete at the highest level. Fitness is being optimized to cope with match demands while accommodating the need for specific requirements of positional roles. There is evidence of work rate being higher in contemporary football games than in previous decades, with consequences for training and dietary practices. Notation analysis of actions during matches is now used regularly to provide detailed objective feedback on performance to players and coaches. Training regimens are designed for game-specific purposes where possible. Sports psychologists working in a football context have a more eclectic body of knowledge to draw from. In the professional soccer clubs, the rewards associated with a successful investment in youth academies have helped to focus attention on talent identification and development models. It is a challenge to those specializing in science and football to contribute to the success of such schemes. 相似文献
8.
我国足球产业的形成与发展策略 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
章海晨 《体育成人教育学刊》2005,21(5):16-18
通过对我国足球产业发展现状的分析,结合我国足球产业发展的历史与现实环境,指出了中国足球产业发展存在的主要问题,并提出了对策：使职业足球俱乐部具有产权清晰的投资机制;提高足球竞赛表演质量;无形资产的开发利用应成为俱乐部主要的经营内容;构建职业足球俱乐部管理体系;形成政俱分开的管理机制. 相似文献
9.
European football clubs are very popular social realities in Nigeria. Their existence and activities shape social relations, process and outcomes of well-being as well as socio-economic and policy orthodoxies. Unfortunately, social trajectories of well-being, economic ramifications and policies remain poorly understood in Nigeria. What some people are aware of is the popularity of the clubs and not the intensification of associated implications and policy remits in existential environments of their social spaces. This is particularly important as the domains of European football clubs’ presence in developing countries, especially Nigeria, are largely nascent and haphazard. Against this background, this article examined the phenomenon of football betting as an ancillary of European football clubs’ presence among the youths in Nigeria. This article makes important contribution to understanding of ways European football identities are interlinked to the increased popularity of betting syndicates especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Research questions engaged include; what is the pattern involved in football betting among the youths? What are the factors facilitating football betting among the youths and What are the perceived developmental implications relative to well-being and social health in Nigeria? The Social Exchange theoretical tradition was adopted as theoretical framework. Data collection triangulated quantitative method (questionnaires) and qualitative methods. Relevant findings were made and valid conclusions were reached and presented in this article. 相似文献
10.
In Brazil, the transition to corporate management of soccer clubs started in the 1990s. When the ‘Lei Pelé’ was enacted in 1998, expectations were very high that the Brazilian clubs would become modernized institutions capable of surviving in the recently developed soccer business. However, the results that clubs reported in their financial statements a decade later do not show the desirable evolution. This essay looks back at this modernization process while analysing the clubs’ results and their financial ratios with the aim of understanding their main difficulties and how successful they have been in trying to modernize. 相似文献
11.
我国职业足球联赛是一个复杂的巨系统,包括联赛管理系统、俱乐部系统等多个子系统.立足于自组织相关理论对我国职业足球联赛系统进行了系统分析,探讨了联赛系统自组织和谐发展的机制,在此基础上对联赛系统的发展前景进行了展望. 相似文献
12.
以2009年中国足坛扫赌反黑风暴事件为视角,并结合我国足坛历年来的假赌黑事件,对我国足球假赌黑发展过程及成因进行了深入研究。结果表明：中国足球假赌黑的形成受多方面因素的影响,其不单单是足球管理体制的问题,更是社会主义市场经济发展过程中各方面因素综合作用的结果。 相似文献
13.
Carlos Nolasco 《Soccer & Society》2019,20(6):795-809
In a context of intense competition, emphasized by globalization processes, the football industry seeks to maximize performances through an incessant search for high quality skilled players. In a market logic, these players become a scarce asset. They are intensely sought out by teams, which results in an intense migration flow of footballers. Portuguese football is also imbedded in these migrations dynamics. Although it is not a new phenomenon in recent years, Portugal has become a crossroads of migratory flows players, with a large number of foreign players to reach national clubs, and many Portuguese players to go to foreign clubs. The aim of this paper is to observe the migratory trends of football players in Portugal, and identify the migratory routes not only of the foreign players who arrived in Portugal, but also of the Portuguese players who go abroad. 相似文献
14.
A.Kadir Yildirim 《Soccer & Society》2019,20(2):232-251
Turkey has arguably one of the most passionate fan bases in the world. Yet, the political silence that permeates through the ranks of the fan bases of Istanbul’s ‘big’ clubs is puzzling as the country slowly decays into authoritarianism. What explains this silence and the surprising apolitical disposition of fans? I argue that a multi-layered de-politicization process hangs over Turkish soccer, nested within a web of clientelistic relations that stretches from the state to the clubs and fan groups. The military’s heavy-handed approach to suppressing political expressions of all sorts for several years following the 1980 coup helped ensure the de-politicization of soccer stadiums. Likewise, as major beneficiaries of state funds and sponsorships, soccer clubs sought to avoid political trouble and were actively involved in discouraging fan groups from political activism. Empirically, the article focuses primarily on the post-1980 period and the ‘big three’ of Istanbul, i.e. Fenerbahce, Galatasaray and Besiktas. 相似文献
15.
中国职业足球俱乐部的经营现状及发展对策研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
高巍 《山东体育学院学报》2010,26(1)
运用文献资料综述法及社会学等多学科理论,在对中国职业足球俱乐部经营现状进行总结概括的基础上,针对其中存在的问题,结合国外优秀俱乐部的启示,对中国职业足球俱乐部的长远发展提出了可行性对策:职业足球俱乐部建立现代企业制度;确定中国职业足球联赛的无形资产产权归属,调动俱乐部的积极性;俱乐部财务透明化、公开化;完善转会制度,给予球员更多的决定权和自由权;加大对青少年后备人才的培养,落实运动员退役就业保障制度. 相似文献
16.
职业足球联赛球场暴力的成因及对策 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
中外男子足球职业联赛球场暴力行为有逐年上升趋势；球场暴力从表面上看与裁判的判罚有直接关系，但实际是多种综合因素导致；遏制足球球场暴力，关键要做好对广大球迷的教育与疏导工作，同时要加强完善职业足球裁判员管理制度，减少误判、错判发生的机率，发挥媒体正面宣传作用；警方应进一步加强球场的安全保卫工作，借鉴世界足球先进国家在防范与治理球场暴力方面的经验。 相似文献
17.
《Sport Management Review》2015,18(4):517-528
The commercial and political development of association football (soccer) in Europe has transformed the relationship between the sport and its fans. A growing political discourse has argued that football has lost the connection with its (core and traditional) supporters; a connection that should be regained by allowing them a greater say in the governance of the game as legitimate stakeholders. This article reviews the emerging academic literature on the role of supporters. It suggests that the evidence to support a case in favour of increased supporter involvement in football governance is limited. This group of literature is theoretically and conceptually incongruent and fraught with contradictions. Academic attention thus far is broadly divided into two areas with little overlap between them: analysis of supporter engagement at the macro (government/policy) level with a top-down focus, and sociological ‘bottom-up’ case studies of supporter engagement and activism at the micro level (individual clubs/supporter groups). The study of supporters has predominantly focused on them as customers/fans and it needs to articulate a new narrative around this ‘governance turn’ to consider supporters as stakeholders, hence responding to ongoing policy developments. By doing so, it will be possible to reconcile the existing disparate bodies of work to gain a greater understanding of the new demands from the supporters and, moreover, the literature will be better placed to have an impact, hence contributing to policy-making if public authorities decide to continue their existing agenda in favour of supporter involvement in football governance. 相似文献
18.
Jesus Rodriguez-Pomeda Fernando Casani Maria del Mar Alonso-Almeida 《Soccer & Society》2017,18(4):431-444
Recent changes in the sports industry – derived from increasing financial pressures – have led to the update of existing business models. Particularly in football, the dominant clubs develop new business models based on the spectators’ commitment to the sport. Packed stadiums attract more people who consume both the matches and the many other associated goods and services. In an experience economy, the lever is the tapping of their emotions by an increasingly sophisticated value proposal. Groups of passionate supporters lead the way to the establishment of communities with a common interest in the club. Following a qualitative methodology (interviews and other texts’ analysis) our study of the Real Madrid Football Club (RM) business model suggests that one of the biggest football clubs in the world is creating a business model based on the emotions of its supporters. This finding could be useful for other clubs in many different countries. 相似文献
19.
顾晨光 《武汉体育学院学报》2006,40(6):36-40
在中国职业足球俱乐部成长过程中，足协曾起到过积极的作用，但随着改革的进程，足协越来越成为俱乐部成长的阻滞力量。从新制度经济学视角，分析了足协对俱乐部的影响，并针对性地提出完善足球运动项目管理体制的制度设计方略。 相似文献
20.
Abstract Relative age effects (RAEs) refer to the specific selection, participation and attainment (dis)advantages which occur as a result of physical and cognitive differences within annual age-grouped cohorts. The present study tracked the existence of RAEs in professional German soccer by examining RAEs in players, head coaches and referees who represented professional soccer clubs or officiated in the Bundesliga from 1963/64 to 2006/07. An additional objective was to consider the social-cultural mechanisms responsible for RAEs, so for a similar period, population and soccer participation information was also obtained. When players were categorised into half decade groups, chi-square analyses predominantly showed RAEs across the history of the Bundesliga, irrespective of dates used for annual age grouping in junior/youth soccer. RAEs were also apparent for head coaches but not for referees. Participation data indicated consistent and progressive growth from 1950 to 1990. RAEs influence the likelihood of attaining professional player and coaching status in German soccer. With many coaches being former players, inequalities associated with annual age-grouping appear to extend beyond a playing career. Officiating was not affected, with referees suggested to emerge from an alternative development pathway. Increased popularity of soccer may have propagated RAEs over time, through intensification of competition and selection mechanisms. 相似文献