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青少年球员的训练效果决定着其成年后的竞技能力,要提高青少年球员的训练水平,首先要完善青少年足球训练理念及其球员的管理理念。文章综述了青少年足球训练理念的核心内涵,对青少年的训练管理进行了评价,对青少年教练员的执教提出了相应建议。 相似文献
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针对青少年摔跤运动员在训练中出现的一些问题,本文采用了文献资料法和访谈法等对青少年摔跤运动员技术训练和素质训练等问题进行探讨,旨在帮助教练员明确青少年运动员训练的一些理念、认识及方法。 相似文献
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耿进 《体育科技文献通报》2022,(1)
运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、专家访谈法等,在介绍教练员训练行为分析模型(CAIS)基本原理和应用的基础上,对国内外有关青少年足球教练员训练行为研究进行全面系统的梳理,归纳分析青少年足球教练员有效训练行为的结构化特征。研究发现:CAIS模型是分析青少年足球教练员训练行为的有效工具,有助于提升教练员训练行为的有效性;高水平青少年足球教练员在训练过程中倾向于课前指导、课后指导、运动表现反馈、开放式发问、积极性反馈、沉默以及赞扬训练行为的使用;教练员专业理论知识的掌握的程度影响教练员训练行为的有效性。 相似文献
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根据"美国运动教育计划"及我国的运动训练学、教练员岗位培训、教育学和学校体育学等书籍和教材,比较两国青少年运动训练的目的、任务、思路、评价以及教练员工作等各方面的差异.美国青少年的训练目的是"运动员第一,胜利第二",而我国则更强调提高运动成绩,夺取比赛的胜利.美国青少年训练采用的比赛入门法,教授的基本思路是在比赛的基础上学习战术进而技术,而我国的训练思路则是在传授技术的基础上,让学生学习战术进而进行比赛.美国的教练员评价队员时,重点看他们是否努力比上次表现有所提高,而我国对运动训练评价的标准就是运动成绩.美国教练员的职责不仅是技战术教学,还帮助青少年运动员在生理和心理两方面做好准备,而我国运动训练中却过度强调教练员的主体地位,甚至把运动员机械地看作被控制的对象.中美两国虽然制度迥异,但美国青少年训练理念及教练员工作充分体现了运动员第一的思想,其在青少年运动训练方面的经验值得我国借鉴. 相似文献
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对青少年竞走运动员的训练,要把握其规律,掌握不同运动水平及各年龄段生理发育特征,努力提高竞技能力.教练员有了正确的训练理念,就会创造明确的施教方法;若教练员训练理念出现偏差,训练方向必然会偏离,就无法培养出优秀的高水平后备人才. 相似文献
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身体训练是任何一种体育运动项目的重要组成部分。为了适应当前乒乓球运动迅速发展的形势,必须重视乒乓球专项身体训练。乒乓球运动员具备了良好的专项身体素质,就能容易地掌握高难度的技术,也能适应连续几天的激烈比赛。下面介绍有关专项身体训练的一些方法供乒乓球教练员对青少年进行专项身体训练时参考。 相似文献
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或许我们都听说过这样一句话:“人生的乐趣在于生活得自由自在,丰富多彩。”所以,对于游泳运动员的训练,特别是对于青少年游泳运动员,需要教练员们重视陆地上的训练安排。只有丰富了陆地上的训练内容,才能有效地将身体各个部分完全活动开,才能进一步激发和提高青少年游泳运动员的训练热情。可以说,丰富多彩的陆上训练课是挖掘青少年游泳运动员训练潜力的一个极为重要的环节。 相似文献
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对我国青少年足球若干训练问题的重新认识及理性思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青少年足球训练水平决定我国足球运动的未来。以近年来我国足球水平的不断下降为背景，对当前我国青少年足球训练中的管理体制、竞赛系统、训练理念和选才等问题进行重新认识，并就我国足球管理体制、青少年选才及青少年教练员突破等瓶颈问题进行理性分析和思考。 相似文献
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有关高原训练中强度训练问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以我国体能类项目存在的问题为切入点,提出在高原训练中加强高速持续跑能力和冲刺跑能力训练的客观依据,使高原训练平原化,从训练理念上纠正因高原PO2降低带来的训练强度难以达到平原训练相似强度的观念,并在实践的基础上提出高原训练"耐力是基础,速度是关键,素质是保证"的总体思路. 相似文献
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Strength training with isometric contractions produces large but highly angle-specific adaptations. To contrast the contractile mode of isometric versus dynamic training, but diminish the strong angle specificity effect, we compared the strength gains produced by isometric training at four joint angles with conventional dynamic training. Thirty-three recreationally active healthy males aged 18 - 30 years completed 9 weeks of strength training of the quadriceps muscle group three times per week. An intra-individual design was adopted: one leg performed purely isometric training at each of four joint angles (isometrically trained leg); the other leg performed conventional dynamic training, lifting and lowering (dynamically trained leg). Both legs trained at similar relative loads for the same duration. The quadriceps strength of each leg was measured isometrically (at four angles) and isokinetically (at three velocities) pre and post training. After 9 weeks of training, the increase in isokinetic strength was similar in both legs (pooled data from three velocities: dynamically trained leg, 10.7%; isometrically trained leg, 10.5%). Isometric strength increases were significantly greater for the isometrically trained leg (pooled data from four angles: dynamically trained leg, 13.1%; isometrically trained leg, 18.0%). This may have been due to the greater absolute torque involved with isometric training or a residual angle specificity effect despite the isometric training being divided over four angles. 相似文献
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Jonathan P Folland Kate Hawker Ben Leach Tom Little David A Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):817-824
Strength training with isometric contractions produces large but highly angle-specific adaptations. To contrast the contractile mode of isometric versus dynamic training, but diminish the strong angle specificity effect, we compared the strength gains produced by isometric training at four joint angles with conventional dynamic training. Thirty-three recreationally active healthy males aged 18?–?30 years completed 9 weeks of strength training of the quadriceps muscle group three times per week. An intra-individual design was adopted: one leg performed purely isometric training at each of four joint angles (isometrically trained leg); the other leg performed conventional dynamic training, lifting and lowering (dynamically trained leg). Both legs trained at similar relative loads for the same duration. The quadriceps strength of each leg was measured isometrically (at four angles) and isokinetically (at three velocities) pre and post training. After 9 weeks of training, the increase in isokinetic strength was similar in both legs (pooled data from three velocities: dynamically trained leg, 10.7%; isometrically trained leg, 10.5%). Isometric strength increases were significantly greater for the isometrically trained leg (pooled data from four angles: dynamically trained leg, 13.1%; isometrically trained leg, 18.0%). This may have been due to the greater absolute torque involved with isometric training or a residual angle specificity effect despite the isometric training being divided over four angles. 相似文献
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Gordon Chalmers 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):239-249
Introductory textbooks commonly state that Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) are responsible for a reflex response that inhibits a muscle producing dangerously high tension (autogenic inhibition). Review of the relevant data from animal studies demonstrates that there is wide variability in the magnitude of, and even the presence of, GTO autogenic effects among locomotor hindlimb muscles, and that data on GTO effects under conditions of voluntary maximal muscle activation are lacking. A single available study on GTO function in humans, during a moderate contraction, surprisingly shows a reduction in autogenic inhibition during muscle‐force production. Further, it is not possible to find experimental evidence supporting the idea that strength training may produce a decrease in GTO mediated autogenic inhibition, allowing greater muscle activation levels and hence greater force production. 相似文献
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Gordon Chalmers 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(1):159-183
Literature concerning the theoretical role of spinal reflex circuits and their sensorimotor signals in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) muscle stretching techniques was examined. Reviewed data do not support the assertion commonly made in PNF literature that contraction of a stretched muscle prior to further stretch, or contraction of opposing muscles during muscle stretch, produces relaxation of the stretched muscle. Further, following contraction of a stretched muscle, inhibition of the stretch reflex response lasts only 1 s. Studies examined suggested that decreases in the response amplitude of the Hoffmann and muscle stretch reflexes following a contraction of a stretched muscle are not due to the activation of Golgi tendon organs, as commonly purported, but instead may be due to presynaptic inhibition of the muscle spindle sensory signal. The current view on the complex manner by which the spinal cord processes proprioceptive signals was discussed. The ability of acute PNF stretching procedures to often produce a joint range of motion greater than that observed with static stretching must be explained by mechanisms other than the spinal processing of proprioceptive information. Studies reviewed indicate that changes in the ability to tolerate stretch and/or the vis‐coelastic properties of the stretched muscle, induced by PNF procedures, are possible mechanisms. 相似文献
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通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法、对比实验法针对念动训练在健美操教学训练中的应用进行对比实验,结果表明：念动训练这种心理学训练方法在健美操教学中具有优越性,对加深对动作的理解有着非常重要的作用,建议教师在健美操教学的各阶段中合理安排念动训练,提高教学效果。 相似文献
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王永胜 《山东体育学院学报》2012,28(6)
采用文献研究法、比较分析法和逻辑分析法,对运动训练过程中训练理念的意义以及六对训练理念的本质和要求进行了甄别分析.研究结果表明:在专项化训练过程中,要提倡与运动员水平相适应的早期专项化,反对早期成人化;提倡高度专项化,反对全面专项化;在一定条件下提倡负荷专项化,避免专项负荷大量化;重视运动训练的全面化,更要重视训练的整体化.运动训练要在技术规范化的基础上发展个体化特点;在遵循训练原则的基础上,强化指标量化调控. 相似文献
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注意是人的心理活动对一定客体的指向和集中,是一种不单独存在的心理活动,这种指向客体的稳定性、持久性、分配、转移、范围等指标,就是衡量注意的品质因素。一个优秀的射击运动员应具备良好的注意品质,注意品质是属于非智力因素的一种,也要进行艰苦、长期的训练,才能获得。 相似文献
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对训练周期理论和板块训练理论进行了比较后发现，两种理论的冲竞占、主要集中在高水平运动员是否适应新的参赛机制和高水平运动员专项能力提高的生物适应性以及训练理论模型适用的训练范围上；而对两种理论的辨析与思考，得出了训练理论与训练实践脱节的原因是训练理论模型的非真理性和训练理论模型的经验化。 相似文献