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针对研发外包中服务商道德风险防范与激励问题,在考虑服务商风险规避度和垫资能力的情况下,设计了收益共享研发外包合同,分析了服务商风险规避度和垫资能力对固定支付、收益共享系数以及服务商最优研发投入的影响.研究表明,当风险规避度大于阀值时,客户在研发合同设计时不用考虑服务商垫资能力问题,因为服务商不会接受垫资;当风险规避度小于阀值时,研发合同设计中需要进一步考虑服务商垫资能力,特别是当服务商风险规避度特别小的时候,针对不同垫资能力的服务商,随着服务商垫资能力的增加,客户最优的研发外包固定支付先减少,后达到稳定不变,但客户最优的研发外包收益共享系数却是先不变,后增加,最后达到稳定不变. 相似文献
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本文结合了研发工作的特点,通过构建经理与研发技术员工之间的委托代理模型,提出了两种针对研发技术员工的最优激励合同。研究结果表明,研发技术员工不同的风险态度将对最优激励合同产生不同的影响。当研发技术员工风险规避时,相对绩效的激励合同比绝对绩效的激励合同更优;当研发技术员工是风险喜好时,绝对绩效的激励合同有可能更好;当研发技术员工是风险中性时,两种激励合同都将达到最优状态。 相似文献
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激励机制设计是解决应用服务外包中道德风险问题的有效方法,外包合作时间对激励效果具有重要影响。针对合作时间如何影响应用服务外包激励机制设计的问题,以客户企业期望收入最大化为目标,在应用服务提供商(Application Service Provider,ASP)所拥有的服务能力及努力水平不可观测下,建立两阶段Stackelberg主从博弈模型,分析了外包合作时间与合同激励效果之间的关系。研究表明,外包合作时间较长时,合同激励效果与收入共享比例正相关;外包合作时间较短时,合同激励效果与收入共享比例负相关;对客户企业而言,在寻优中随着合作时间的增加,收入共享比例反而会降低。 相似文献
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不完全信息条件下知识共享激励机制研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
基于委托代理理论和企业内部知识共享过程中所呈现的不完全信息特征,构建了不完全信息条件下企业内部知识共享多阶段激励机制模型。通过最优化一阶条件分别求解员工风险中性与风险规避时的最优激励机制,并分析最优激励机制的特点。研究结果表明：在不完全信息条件下的企业内部知识共享过程中,当员工为风险中性时,企业无需对员工进行激励,员工会承担全部风险实际充当委托人角色;当员工为风险规避时,企业应采用固定报酬加利润分成方式设计激励合同,使得员工承担一定风险,此时帕累托最优合同无法实现。最后,以黑龙江省电力科学研究院为例,应用以上研究结果提出了激励企业内部知识共享的措施。 相似文献
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信息不对称下节能服务外包合同的设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文考虑一个风险中性的节能服务公司和一个风险规避的用能企业在节能成本上具有不对称信息,采用一个能源费用节约额的线性函数作为用能单位向节能服务公司的支付,建立了一个斯坦伯格博弈模型来研究节能服务外包合同的设计。研究发现最优合同是效益保证和效益共享两种形式的结合,即节能服务公司向用能单位支付一个保证的节约额,然后双方共同对最后实现的能源费用节约额进行分享,且保证节约额和节能服务公司的分享比例随节能服务公司的效率、节能绩效的不确定性和用能单位风险规避程度的增加而增加。 相似文献
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针对企业师徒间隐性知识共享激励机制设计问题,考虑师徒风险规避特性,重构了隐性知识共享分权激励机制,分析了师徒风险规避度对企业最优激励机制、师徒双方工作努力程度的影响。研究表明,分权激励下企业制定的总的收益共享系数与师徒双方的风险规避度负相关,师傅制定的对徒弟的收益共享系数与师傅的风险规避度正相关,与徒弟的风险规避度负相关。师傅完成本职工作的努力程度仅与自身风险规避度负相关,但徒弟工作的努力程度与师徒双方的风险规避度均呈负相关关系。进一步深入分析师傅知识共享帮助徒弟的努力程度,当师傅的风险规避度低于阈值时,师傅努力程度与其风险规避度负相关,当师傅的风险规避度高于阈值时,师傅的努力程度与其风险规避度呈正相关关系,且师傅知识共享帮助徒弟的努力程度始终与徒弟的风险规避度负相关。 相似文献
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针对师徒隐性知识共享激励机制设计问题,建立多任务委托代理模型,分析师徒风险规避度对组织收益、激励系数以及师徒努力程度的影响。研究表明,组织制定对师徒最优激励系数仅与其各自风险规避度负相关,而组织收益与师徒双方风险规避度均为负相关。进一步比较师傅完成自身工作和共享工作的努力程度表明,当师徒产出系数比大于上阀值时,师傅会更加关注自身工作,当产出系数比小于下阀值时,师傅会更加关注对徒弟的知识共享帮助,而当产出系数比位于上下阀值之间时,具备较低风险规避度的师傅才会更加努力帮助徒弟完成共享工作。 相似文献
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针对研发外包中服务商道德风险防范与激励问题,在考虑服务商自有资金限制下,设计了奖励成功、惩罚失败、奖—惩混合的研发外包契约,并对三种契约的可行性与有效性进行了比较,得到各类契约的选择条件。研究表明,奖-惩混合契约完全等价奖励契约或者惩罚契约,而服务商资金实力是影响契约可行性与有效性的关键因素。具体而言,当服务商资金实力很差,具有较大负债时,奖励与惩罚契约均不可行,客户不应该把研发项目外包给此类企业;而随着服务商资金实力的增加,负债减少到一定程度时,首先是惩罚契约可行,此后当服务商资金实力继续增加到一定程度,奖励契约才可行,并且惩罚契约优于奖励契约;当服务资金实力强到一定程度后,奖励契约与惩罚契约均可行,且二者等价。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献