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重大科技基础设施是国家科技强国发展战略的重要技术支撑。预先研究一直是我国设施建设和发展的薄弱环节,严重制约着我国设施实现从跟跑到并跑、领跑的跨越发展。这篇文章通过对我国设施建设项目郭守敬望远镜以及500米口径球面射电望远镜两个实例,分析预先研究阶段对于顺利完成工程建设的重要性。且通过对美国国家基金会以及欧洲科技基础设施战略论坛对于设施预先研究的管理及投资情况,剖析国外设施预先研究阶段管理要点。在此基础上提出要高度重视设施预先研究工作,建议建立适宜设施可持续发展的预先研究管理体制机制。 相似文献
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作为科技发展的重要基础条件,重大科技基础设施是国家科学技术水平和综合实力的重要体现。中科院目前承担着23个国家重大科技基础设施的建设和运行工作。其中,13个已建设施运行稳定、高效,取得了一批重要科研成果,涉及基础研究、应用研究和社会保障众多领域,并在促进高新技术发展、科技成果转化、国家大型科研基地建设和国际合作发挥了重要作用;设施建设采取积极探索"边建设、边运行"模式,同时加强协同创新,与地方或其他单位共同建设;中科院还积极参与国家重大科技基础设施"十二五"规划工作,为国家建言献策,未来将在国家重大科技基础设施建设和运行中继续发挥骨干引领作用。 相似文献
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当今世界正处在百年未有之大变局和新科技革命深入发展的历史交汇期,党的十九届五中全会为国家治理现代化制定了总体远景规划,其中新型基础设施是实现国家治理现代化建设的重要基础。如何在推进新型基础设施建设中科学地协调科技、产业、国家治理和国际战略等多种要素,从而激发出系统性、可持续的创新与发展效能是抓住当前新科技革命重大历史发展机遇的关键。文章以新型基础设施涉及的若干科技产业发展趋势判断为起点,研究了新型基础设施在构建现代化国家治理体系中的功能与作用,为国家治理现代化建设中的科技、产业与战略的协调发展路径提供了理论参考。 相似文献
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重大科技基础设施（简称重大设施）是具有前沿性、创新性、规模性及影响力的科学研究系统,在国家科技创新体系中占据重要地位。为了深刻认识重大设施的战略价值、充分发挥设施科研潜力、支撑未来设施的统筹布局,需要深入研究其对学科领域发展的影响作用。以专用型重大设施中的对撞机为研究对象,分析其论文成果的引文分布及主题强度演化,研究了重大设施对学科领域发展的影响过程,定义了不同影响类型,并形成了判别不同类型的三维战略坐标。在对比中、日、欧三方对撞机的成果产出和影响情况后,提出了相关政策建议。 相似文献
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为深刻认识重大科技基础设施的战略价值,充分发挥其科研潜力,支撑国家未来对重大科技基础设施的统筹布局,以欧洲大型强子对撞机（LHC）、北京正负电子对撞机（BEPC）以及日本非对称正负电子对撞机（KEKB）为研究对象,构建重大设施成果对学科领域发展影响机制模型和适用于高能物理领域的主题词库,使用基于模式匹配的主题抽取法分析相关设施成果的引文分布及主题强度演化,并提出设施成果“价值持续性”“价值重要性”概念,定义重大设施对学科领域发展的4种影响类型以及形成类型判别的三维战略坐标。结果发现：LHC运行时间最短但成果总量大幅领先,且具有积极影响类型的成果集中出现在LHC中;Belle在高被引论文占比与数量方面都明显较高;BEPC在成果产出方面与其他设施有较大差距。最后,为推动中国重大科技基础设施对学科领域发展产生更多更重要的积极影响,提出要提高现有设施运行与科研效率、发掘具有优势前景的研究领域等对策建议。 相似文献
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重大科技基础设施在我国科技发展中占有重要地位。如何提高设施运行管理水平,促进重大创新成果产出是一项极具挑战的课题。在国家重大科技基础设施"EAST超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置"稳步进入第二研究阶段,以及中国科学院合肥大科学研究中心正式获批筹建之际,在研究和实践的基础上对"EAST超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置"运行管理工作进行分析和总结,对进一步理解设施运行管理工作内涵和提高设施精细化管理水平有重要意义。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献