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P知识共享机制对群体绩效的影响研究/P P /P P/FONT /P 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
知识共享有助于群体绩效水平的提高,然而对于拥有不同知识位势的个体而言,其绩效水平的高低却取决于知识共享的机制。本文分析了影响群体知识共享的相关因素,并建立多主体模型,动态模拟了不同的知识共享机制对群体绩效以及对个体加入群体的影响。研究表明,知识共享行为主要受个体预期的成本收益等因素的影响,构建科学合理的知识共享机制可以降低知识共享成本,维持个体之间的利益平衡,提高群体绩效。 相似文献
2.
物质激励、知识所有权与组织知识共享研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
组织知识管理实践发现个体间知识共享无法通过强制方式得以实现,而是依赖于组织对个体的激励。本研究运用理性行为理论,以通讯行业的185名知识型员工为调查对象,深入剖析了物质激励和感知的知识所有权对个体知识共享意愿及行为的作用机理,得出如下结论：（1）虽然物质激励对个体知识共享主观规范有积极的影响,却并不能直接改变个体对知识共享的态度;（2）个体知识共享的态度和共享主观规范可以促进个体知识共享意愿的提高,知识共享意愿进而可以有效预测知识共享行为的发生;（3）知识共享的主观规范与知识共享的态度正相关;（4）感知的知识所有权在物质激励与知识共享主观规范的关系间起到调解作用没有得到证实。本研究为组织设计合理有效的激励机制提供了理论依据。 相似文献
3.
《科学学与科学技术管理》2017,(8)
知识共享是影响当代企业创新和可持续发展的重要因素,从多个层次综合考察知识共享的影响因素及形成过程具有重要意义。结合目标取向理论与特征激活理论,通过构建多层次模型(HLM),探讨学习目标取向对知识共享影响的多层次影响机理。通过对112个研发团队样本(112个团队主管,455个团队成员)的调查分析,研究发现:个体学习目标取向与个体知识共享具有显著的正相关关系;团队学习目标取向与团队知识共享具有显著的正相关关系;团队学习目标取向通过团队心理安全对团队知识共享产生积极影响;团队心理安全对个体知识共享产生显著正向影响,且正向跨层次调节个体学习目标取向与个体知识共享的关系;个体知识共享通过团队信任自下而上对团队知识共享产生积极影响。 相似文献
4.
团队成员知识共享的进化博弈分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
随着社会和经济的发展,团队合作日益成为组织中流行的工作方式,而团队成员的知识共享被视为充分发挥团队效能的关键.基于个体有限理性,构建了一个团队成员知识共享进化博弈模型,运用"复制动态"机制模拟博弈策略的学习与调整过程,简要分析了影响团队成员知识共享水平的因素,讨论了研究结论对管理实践的启示以及研究中存在的局限性. 相似文献
5.
基于WIKI的群体知识共享与创新服务研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
作为网络时代一种全新的知识共享与创新服务平台,wiki以其独特的知识共享功能,通过互动、协作、启发,促使个体知识创造上升到群体知识创新水平,并为群体知识创新的实现提供技术平台、知识源和知识场。本文分析了wiki平台提供的知识共享环境,提出了wiki服务平台上的知识共享与创新模型,并对群体创新的实现条件进行了分析。 相似文献
6.
知识治理是知识管理活动的制度保障,是在制度层面上对知识行为的引导、激励和约束,进而维护知识活动各方的利益平衡、促进知识活动效益的最优化。知识共享行为是一种组织制度安排的结果,同时也是一种行为过程,受到知识治理的影响。知识治理对于知识共享行为的影响研究,很多的学者都从不同的侧面进行分析,涉及变量和因素有限,结论不稳定。另外,知识治理对于知识共享影响的内在机理有待进一步深入地探究。最后,从研究方法上,知识治理是组织层面的变量,个体知识共享是个体层面的变量,现有文献较少运用跨层次分析方法来整合组织和个体两个层面,剖析知识治理机制对个人层次知识共享的影响,因而研究结论有待验证。因此,基于现有文献研究的不足,本文探索性地引入中介变量组织支持感来分析知识治理对于知识共享行为的影响关系。依据已有的文献成果,本文提出以下8个假设:(1)正式知识治理对非正式知识治理具有正向的影响作用;(2)正式知识治理对于个体知识共享行为具有显著的正向影响;(3)非正式知识治理对于个体知识共享行为具有显著的正向影响;(4)正式知识治理对于组织支持感有显著的正向影响;(5)非正式知识治理对于组织支持感有显著的正向影响;(6)组织支持感对个体知识分享行为有显著的正向影响;(7)组织支持感中介了正式知识治理与个体知识共享行为之间的关系;(8)组织支持感中介了非正式知识治理与个体知识共享行为之间的关系。为了验证以上假设的有效性,本研究以中国华北地区140家企业621名员工为被试对象,其中男性占53.62%,本科以上员工占89.05%,工龄在5年以上的员工占76.97%,基层和一线工人占87.76%。对于模型中所涉及的变量,本文借鉴已有研究的中成熟量表进行测量。正式知识治理和非正式知识治理的测量参考了Cao等(2012)对于正式知识治理和非正式知识治理的测量量表,组织支持感使用Eisenberger编制的问卷,知识共享行为采用Yi开发了一套有效可靠的知识共享行为量表。所有变量在本文样本中内部一致性信度α系数都达到标准。在确保问卷的可信性和有效性基础上,本文利用跨层次分析对研究假设进行验证。得到了如下结论:(1)在知识管理领域中,员工组织支持感是链接组织知识治理与个体知识共享行为的中介桥梁。组织层面的知识管理活动一方面通过正式的知识治理对于员工的知识共享行为产生一定程度的影响,但是更重要是要通过对于员工组织支持感的影响来间接的作用员工知识共享行为。(2)组织知识活动对于员工个体知识共享行为的影响是多层次相互作用的结果,过程复杂。组织层面的正式知识治理通过三条途径作用员工个体知识共享行为:直接作用、通过非正式知识治理影响组织支持感的间接作用以及通过组织支持感的间接作用。非正式知识治理是间接的通过组织支持感的单途径来影响个体知识共享行为。与同类研究相比,本文进一步打开了知识治理对知识共享行为影响的"黑箱",丰富了知识管理的相关理论。此外,本文结论对企业知识管理实践活动具有很强的指导意义,具体表现在两个方面:一是企业要有效创建完善的知识治理机制,二是要重视对员工组织支持感的提升。本文虽然做出了一定的贡献,但仍然存在一些不足:第一,样本收集的数据受到地域和行业的限制;第二,对于知识治理的划分需要进一步研究;第三,中介变量、作用路径和机理还需要进一步探索。以上三点问题将是今后研究和改进的方向。 相似文献
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知识是企业最为重要的战略性资源,为了提高知识的价值,企业需要促进员工间知识共享行为以增加其竞争优势。在有限理性的基础上,构建知识共享行为的演化博弈模型,依此分析影响员工间知识共享行为的因素,探究组织信任对知识共享行为的影响。结果表明,知识数量、知识贡献系数、共享奖励系数和共享惩罚系数与知识共享行为正相关而共享风险系数和成本系数与知识共享行为反相关,情感信任促进知识获取而认知信任促进知识贡献。 相似文献
9.
知识密集型组织内实现知识共享的激励策略选择 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
诸葛剑平 《科学学与科学技术管理》2008,29(5):86-89
知识管理在知识密集型组织中有极其重要的作用,而知识共享是知识管理中的关键环节,如何促使员工进行知识共享从而达到组织收益的增加是实践中的一个难题.建立实现知识共享的激励模型,通过对模型的分析,得出如果知识的贡献度很小,知识的隐性度很大,组织是没有必要进行激励的;对知识隐性度低的知识,组织采取团队激励比个体激励有效;如果员工的知识的贡献度大、知识的隐性度大,进行个体激励是比较适合的. 相似文献
10.
虚拟社区用户忠诚对于虚拟社区的长期可持续性发展尤为重要。本研究以知识分享行为（知识共享数量和质量）为中介变量,探讨社会资本（信任、社会联结性、共同愿景）和外部动机（互惠动机、声誉动机）对社区忠诚的作用机理,并通过结构方程模型进行验证。研究结果表明,信任和外部动机通过知识共享数量和质量对社区忠诚有显著正向影响,社会联结性仅通过知识共享数量对社区忠诚有显著影响;信任和外部动机对知识共享数量和质量有显著正向影响,社会联结性仅显著影响知识共享数量,而共同愿景对知识共享数量和质量均无显著影响;知识共享行为对社区忠诚有显著正向影响,并且知识共享质量对社区忠诚的影响更显著。该结论为企业重视虚拟社区用户知识分享行为从而吸引和留住虚拟社区用户提供了决策支持,为企业更好的运营虚拟社区并利用虚拟社区获得可持续发展提供了重要启示。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
14.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
15.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
18.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献