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1.
通过构造技术—环境壁垒影响企业国际竞争力的传导路径模型,探讨了两者之间的关联关系.分析结果表明,技术—环境壁垒主要通过两条路径影响企业国际竞争力：遵循进口国的技术标准和环境标准,势必要求出口国企业支付额外的附加成本,而这些附加成本会增加企业的生产成本和出口成本,从而使其国际竞争力下降;技术创新是出口国企业跨越技术—环境壁垒的必然选择,企业通过技术创新能够部分或全部抵消其附加成本,降低生产成本,增加市场份额,从而能够增强国际竞争力.最后,以中国打火机企业应对CR法规作为案例研究对象,进一步验证了两者之间的关系. 相似文献
2.
本文通过构建进化博弈模型研究了外生性的技术性贸易壁垒对出口国企业的技术创新动力和行为选择的影响.考虑了具有不同创新收益函数、创新成本函数并向市场提供差异化产品的两类企业,分析了贸易壁垒对不同类型企业技术创新决策的影响.研究结果表明：在外生性的技术性贸易措施条件下出口企业的技术创新动力和行为选择主要受其在进口国的市场份额、初始产品质量水平与进口国质量标准的差异程度、创新成本对贸易壁垒的敏感度系数的影响;市场份额对出口企业的技术创新动力和行为选择具有正向作用,而初始产品质量水平与进口国质量标准的差异程度和创新成本对贸易壁垒的敏感度系数则对出口企业的技术创新动力和行为选择具有反向作用. 相似文献
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在公共产品技术创新的研发阶段,政府部门会选用不同的竞争方式激励企业投入研发,以保证获取所需的技术,增加社会福利。以三个参与企业为研究对象,比较了完全偏袒条件下的单奖励竞赛、完全偏袒条件下的多奖励竞赛、不完全偏袒条件下的单奖励竞赛和不完全偏袒条件下的多奖励竞赛四种不同的竞赛方式对政府实际技术获取效果的影响,研究结论对认识公共产品技术创新有着一定的理论和现实意义。 相似文献
4.
企业技术创新动力的基本构成分析及现实启示 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
认为来自企业内部的动力是企业创新活动的收益预期和创新成功概率预期,来自企业外部的动力是技术推力、市场激励和政府激励。对企业技术创新动力的基本构成进行分析,对于从企业、市场、政府等不同层面分别强化企业技术创新动力、推动企业技术创新,具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
5.
环境政策工具对企业环境技术创新的激励程度,是评估环境政策工具的重要标准。但是以往文献主要针对不完全竞争市场条件下大企业的技术创新激励效果进行研究,忽略了中小企业,而中小企业占我国企业总数的绝大部分,因此对中小企业进行相关研究非常必要;同时以往文献也没有对企业的清洁工艺和末端治理技术做出明确区分,而这两种技术创新对企业的作用机制是不同的。有鉴于此,本文从完全竞争市场条件下的中小企业出发,将环境技术创新严格区分为清洁工艺和末端治理技术,并通过构建企业利润变化模型和社会福利函数,得出了排放标准、排污费、补贴和排污许可证价格的临界值,以及社会福利最大化条件下的最优水平;同时,本文还为企业在四种环境政策工具下灵活选择技术创新方式进行了区分与比较;最后本文对四种环境政策工具的企业环境技术创新的激励效应做出了排序。本文的研究结果能够为政府选择环境政策工具提供政策建议,同时能够为中小企业在不同的环境政策工具下灵活选择环境技术创新方式提供参考意见。 相似文献
6.
本文运用IDEF0原则,对企业技术创新系统进行了功能建模。在此基础上借鉴B-Z反应模型构造企业技术创新系统协同演化动态分析模型,探索企业技术创新过程中子系统间协同度、政策效应、技术产出三者间的动态演化机制。研究发现:技术研发能力更能提高企业技术产出;协同度越高技术产出能力越强,此时采取政策激励措施效果不明显;相反,弱协同条件下的政策激励对技术产出能力的提高更加显著。 相似文献
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以光伏企业为例,提出光伏企业技术创新动力要素,提升企业市场地位的目标、企业家精神、人的因素、政策的支持。并由此构建光伏企业技术创新动力模型。在专家访谈及问卷调查的基础上使用随机森林法,分析技术创新动力要素的权重排序、动力要素间的互动关系。研究结果表明,企业家强烈的创新欲望、预期市场竞争力的提高、政府对光伏企业的补贴、完整技术链的形成以及对科研人员的物质激励是光伏企业进行技术创新的最大动力。 相似文献
9.
提出了分析影响技术创新投人因素的内在动力、企业能力、外部推力及其关系的“三力分析模型”,在此基础上构建了企业技术创新税收政策作用机理的分析模型．税收激励一方面通过提高企业技术创新收益预期、分担创新投入风险,从而影响企业创新投入的内在动力;另一方面,通过对创新资金的供给和人力资本需求的积极影响,从而改善企业技术创新的能力．利益驱动和能力支持,将最终影响企业创新投入决策,进而达到通过税收激励促进企业技术进步的政策目标．各种税收优惠方式对技术创新投入的激励效应是有所不同的． 相似文献
10.
以浙江省379家企业为研究样本,采用潜在类别分析、logit回归分析等方法,在对企业的技术创新激励措施进行测量的基础上,实证研究了企业技术创新激励措施的影响因素,以及评价了其绩效。结果表明:企业技术创新激励措施的丰富度偏低,受企业规模、年龄、所有权性质的影响;不同规模、年龄、行业与所有权性质的企业对单项技术创新激励措施的采取具有差异性;一次性货币化奖励、科研条件扶持、提供学习培训机会等措施对科技人员满意度有显著的正向促进作用;但是,提拔晋升措施会显著削弱科技人员的满意度。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
14.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
15.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
17.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
18.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献