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1.
锡林郭勒盟土地利用变化及驱动力分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
以北方草地典型地区内蒙古锡林郭勒盟为研究区,运用地理信息系统、遥感技术和数理统计等方法,分析了1995年-2000年该区的土地利用变化,采用典范对应分析(CCA)方法考察了气候、地形、区位和人类活动等与土地利用变化空间分布的关系。结果显示,1995年-2000年,锡林郭勒盟土地利用变化区域面积为59130km~2,占全盟面积的30%,包括70种土地利用变化类型(将占锡林郭勒盟面积1%以上的15种主要土地利用变化类型纳入CCA分析)。面积变化最大的土地利用类型依次为高覆盖度草地、中覆盖度草地和低覆盖度草地。其中,高覆盖度草地转出最多,主要流向中、低覆盖度草地;中覆盖度草地转出次之,主要流向高覆盖度草地和低覆盖度草地。草地覆盖度提高的区域占土地利用变化面积的21%,草地退化与改善并存,但以退化草地面积净增为主。CCA第一排序轴与地形起伏度的相关最大,第二轴与海拔高度和坡向转换指数最为密切。前四个排序轴累计可以解释典范效应中的77.8%的信息,CCA分析显示地形起伏度、海拔高度、坡向转换指数(TRASP)、年均降雨量、最近居民点距离等指标与土地利用变化空间格局的关系较为密切,是形成土地利用变化格局的主要驱动因素,其中地形因素对土地利用变化的影响最大,通过影响草地与人类活动的分布影响了土地利用变化的格局。 相似文献
2.
本文对我国8个重要农业区1980s末至2005年间土地利用结构及其时空变化进行研究。结果表明:①我国耕地和城乡工矿及居民用地集中分布在黄淮海平原、长江中游及江淮地区、四川盆地和松嫩平原,草地、林地和未利用地则积聚在新疆、内蒙古东部区和华南蔗果区;②1980s末至2005年间8区耕地总量上升,其中内蒙古东部区、新疆和三江平原增量显著,长江中游平原及江淮地区、四川盆地和黄淮海平原减少,耕地空间重心由我国东部、中部复种指数较高的传统农业核心区向西北、东北等复种指数较低且生态相对脆弱地区迁移,整体土地生产能力有所下降;③各区草地面积皆下降,其中内蒙古东部区和新疆为减量主体;各区城乡工矿及居民用地面积快速上升,其中黄淮海平原和松嫩平原面积增量占8区总增量的70%;林地面积总体增加,其中内蒙古东部区占8区林地净增总量的90%,而三江平原和黄淮海平原林地略降;④未利用地面积总体增加,增量主要分布在内蒙古东部区、新疆和松嫩平原,构成多为沙地、裸土地和盐碱地,表明局部地区存在土地退化现象;黄淮海平原、长江中游及江淮地区和四川盆地因工业化、城市化进程加快导致未利用地进一步减少,后备土地资源日趋紧张。 相似文献
3.
1970 年代以来锡林郭勒盟草地资源空间分布格局的变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在多期遥感影像与GIS的支持下,构建了内蒙古锡林郭勒盟1975年-2009年的草地现状和动态变化时空数据集,进而开展了锡林郭勒盟草地资源空间分布格局、时空变化及其驱动机制的研究。研究表明：①草地是锡林郭勒盟的主导生态系统,总面积约17.6万km2,占全区国土面积的86%;在空间分布上,自东向西,草地覆盖度逐渐降低,草地类型依次为温性草甸草原、温性草原、温性荒漠草原;②锡林郭勒盟草地生态系统动态演变的基本特征为：以2000年为界,2000年之前,草地生态系统面积持续减少;2000年之后,草地生态系统的面积减少态势得到遏制和逆转,草地资源面积开始增加;③该区草地资源时空变化受到气候变化、人类土地利用活动以及生态保护和建设工程的影响：区域气候变化是本区生态系统变化的基本驱动力,人类不合理的土地利用活动对于草地退化起了推动和促进作用,而生态保护和建设工程的介入则缓解、遏制和逆转了本区长期以来的草地退化态势。 相似文献
4.
松嫩平原西部草地的时空变化特征 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文以遥感信息作为主要数据源，以地理信息系统为主要手段，首次对松嫩平原西部地区不同覆盖度的草地资源以及草地内部结构的时空变化进行了深入分析，得出了1989年～2001年间高、中、低覆盖草地之间以及与其它土地利用类型之间的相互转化数量和特征。结果表明，12年间研究区3种草地类型的面积均有不同程度的减少，其中，它们转化为旱田的比例分别占转移总面积的77.78%、70.13%和36.57%，说明人类对草地的持续开发是造成草地面积减少的主要原因。从与盐碱地之间的相互转化关系来看，3种草地类型转化为盐碱地的面积比例随着草地覆盖率的减少而增大，比例分别为0%、4.62%和32.81%，可见植被覆盖率对于草地盐碱化的发生起决定作用。从草地内部结构的动态变化来看，呈现高覆盖向中覆盖再向低覆盖的逐级退化特征，而且这种演替规律在当前人类活动下基本上为不可逆过程，草地的退化在空间上主要集中在镇赉县的北部、洮南市的南部、通榆县的北部以及乾安县的西部。本文最后从合理利用研究区现有的草地资源、综合进行草地盐碱化的治理出发，提出了生态环境修复和草地可持续发展的对策。 相似文献
5.
内蒙古未来气候变化及其对温性草原分布的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究分析PRECIS区域气候模式系统构建的中国区域高分辨率(50km×50km)SRES气候变化情景下内蒙古自治区年均温度和降水量的变化趋势,并用伊万诺夫湿润度指数作为草地地理分布的划分依据,模拟了气候变化情景下内蒙古温性草原分布的空间变化格局。未来气候变化使内蒙古自治区的年均温度普遍升高,A2情景下的升高幅度大于B2情景;年均降水量在东北部地区和中部偏东南地区下降,在西部地区上升,全区平均降水量有所下降,且B2情景的下降幅度大于A2情景。在未来温度普遍升高、降水量西南部增加显著而东北部减少的气候变化背景下,内蒙古温性草原的总面积有所增加。其中内蒙古草甸草原的南北边界都有北移趋势,但面积将有所减少,到本世纪末,A2、B2两种情景下草甸草原分别可能减少6.4%和8.5%。而典型草原和荒漠草原则分别向北部和西部扩张,面积都有增加趋势,到本世纪末两种情景下典型草原面积可能会分别增加22.8%和16.1%,荒漠草原面积增幅更明显,可能会分别增加48.1%和36.5%。 相似文献
6.
该文基于3期TM数据,在GIS支持下,运用景观生态学和统计分析方法,研究了洮儿河流域中上游15年土地利用时空变化特征.研究结果如下:①时间演变特征:从土地利用演变速率看,草地面积呈显著减少趋势.在1985年～1996年期间减少速率为1.52%,1985年～2000年期间减少速率为1.20%,而难利用地面积减少幅度和速率较小.除了草地和难利用地减少其它类型都呈增加变化.其中耕地增加明显,在1985年～1996年期间增长速率为1.79%,1985年～2000年期间增加速率达到1.40%,而林地在15年内以每年0.82%的速度持续增加;②空间演变特征:从土地类型结构看草地一直占绝对优势地位,3个时期所占比例分别为46%、46%、38%,但草地无论是面积或质量都呈下降趋势,表现在:高覆盖度草地面积大幅度减少,中覆盖度草地面积增加,斑块数量也由1985年的5 498块增加至2000年的5 582块,这说明草地在面积减少和质量下降的过程中还表现出明显的破碎化;耕地面积比例呈增加趋势,尤其水田增加幅度大,且集中连片位于水源较好的区域;林地和居工用地的比例也都呈上升趋势;而难利用地比例则大幅度减少.该文还分析了不同土地利用类型在土地利用演化过程中的贡献,结果表明,草地对耕地增长的贡献率最大,其次是难利用地.通过分析看出,研究区土地利用在近15年内变化速度很快,在各种土地利用类型转化过程中以优势类型草地变化最大,并且是内部的调整为主,其它非优势类型都是作适应性调整,这说明本区的土地利用处于一种相对稳定状态. 相似文献
7.
《内蒙古科技与经济》2015,(21)
基于RS和GIS方法,分析了内蒙古伊金霍洛旗1987年~2010年土地利用情况。各土地利用类型中以草地为主,林地、城镇用地和未利用地面积变化较大;耕地、草地、未利用地有所减少,其余土地类型有所增加;伊金霍洛旗土地利用综合程度指数呈先减少后增加趋势。 相似文献
8.
1．我国的饲草饲料资源 1．1我国的草原资源 草原畜牧业是以草原为基地．利用草原牧草资源饲养家畜来获得蓄产品，因此草原资源的好坏对畜牧业发展起到关键性的作用，我国有各类天然草地面积4亿hm2，全国总的原面积，占国土面积肥的40％，其中可利用面积为3、3亿hm2。按草地自然、经济、植被分布情况来划分，可分为三类：牧区草山草地面积为3亿hm2，占我国草地面积的75％；北方草山草地面积2．500万hm2．占我国草地面积的6．29％；南方草山草地面积7400万hm2，占 相似文献
9.
土地利用/覆被变化与植被盖度的遥感监测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于1991年和1997年北京市密云县的两期TM遥感数据,遥感反演土地利用类型和植被盖度,探究土地利用/覆盖变化对植被盖度变化的影响,为提高地区植被盖度、防止水土流失提供科学依据。结果表明：①20世纪90年代密云县土地利用类型以林地和草地为主,覆盖率约为66％多;总体植被状况较好,IV级（盖度介于50%~70%）和V级（盖度大于70%）植被覆盖率约为40%多;②林地、城乡居民用地、水体和未利用地面积增加,耕地、草地面积减少,变幅最大的是草地,其次为未利用地、林地;③林地的植被覆盖度较高,草地次之,耕地最低;植被盖度等级分布重心发生转移,由中覆盖度向高覆盖度移动;④中高覆盖度、高覆盖度中以林地、草地和耕地为主,对保持植被盖度起重要作用;林地面积的变化对重心转移起关键作用,而草地、耕地的波动则会影响到重心转移方向。因此,林地、草地和耕地对于保持地区植被覆盖率有重要作用,应在长期土地利用规划中坚持植树造林,保持草地、保护耕地和控制未利用地。 相似文献
10.
土地利用/覆被变化与植被盖度的遥感监测——以北京市密云县为例 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
基于1991年和1997年北京市密云县的两期TM遥感数据,遥感反演土地利用类型和植被盖度,探究土地利用/覆盖变化对植被盖度变化的影响.为提高地区植被盖度、防止水土流失提供科学依据.结果表明:①20世纪90年代密云县土地利用类型以林地和草地为主,覆盖率约为66%多;总体植被状况较好,IV级(盖度介于50%～70%)和V级(盖度大于70%)植被覆盖率约为40%多;②林地、城乡居民用地、水体和未利用地面积增加,耕地、草地面积减少,变幅最大的是草地.其次为未利用地、林地;③林地的植被覆盖度较高,草地次之,耕地最低;植被盖度等级分布重心发生转移,由中覆盖度向高覆盖度移动;④中高覆盖度、高覆盖度中以林地、草地和耕地为主.对保持植被盖度起重要作用;林地面积的变化对重心转移起关键作用,而草地、耕地的波动则会影响到重心转移方向.因此,林地、草地和耕地对于保持地区植被覆盖率有重要作用,应在长期土地利用规划中坚持植树造林,保持草地、保护耕地和控制未利用地. . 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
14.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
15.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
17.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
18.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献