共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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《科学中国人》2020,(10)
正纳米材料因其独特的物理化学性质,被广泛应用于生物医学的基础研究,为重大疾病的诊断和治疗带来了新的机遇。如何实现安全高效的生物医学应用,是相关科研工作者一直思考的难题。西北大学生命科学与医学部教授刘晶正是这项前沿科技的探索者。多年来,她一直致力于纳米生物效应与安全性研究,在动物、细胞和分子水平,多维度解析重要医用纳米材料在复杂生物体系中的作用过程和规律,为纳米医学这艘军舰的远行保驾护航。纳米科学打开梦想之窗当物质达到纳米尺度时,就会出现特殊的物理化学性质,如量子尺寸效应、表面效应等。纳米技术的快速发展使纳米生物效应与安全性形成了一个跨学科的研究领域,日益受到政府、学界等广泛关注, 相似文献
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《中国科学基金》2021,(2)
我国重大疾病的发生率和致死率居高不下,随着老年社会程度的不断加深,需要更强有力的医药原始创新动力支撑不断增长的医学需求。医用纳米技术作为新兴的疾病预防、检测、成像和治疗技术,将是未来医疗体系的重要组成部分。目前我国在纳米药物治疗重大疾病(如肿瘤、血栓性疾病等)和药物递送领域的基础研究已经处于世界前列。其中,用于疾病治疗的智能纳米机器作为一个新兴的交叉科学,可实现药物在病灶部位的精准可控释放,未来有可能成为药物研发中的变革性力量。但是,智能纳米机器在药物智能化设计、体内外精准操控、体内代谢行为和生物效应评价以及临床转化等方面还有待进一步的突破。需要从基础研究和应用技术两个方面,为学科领域的进一步快速发展和临床转化应用创造条件。本文从国家战略需求出发,讨论了智能纳米机器的设计原则与发展趋势,根据基础和应用两方面面临的挑战,分析了智能纳米机器研究中的关键科学问题和未来发展方向,并提出一些建议和发展目标,以加速我国智能纳米机器药物的研究和商业化进程。 相似文献
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文章调研和分析了近年来包括我国在内的世界主要国家发布的35份纳米科技战略计划和报告。首先,从投资力度、科研人员、研发重心、平台建设、教育等角度分析了各国发展纳米科技发展前瞻或部署的共性。其次,鉴于各国的国情不同,分析了各国前瞻/部署的总体方向和实现目标的异同,主要分析了美国、日本、韩国、德国、欧盟、澳大利亚及中国在纳米科技战略部署上的特色和侧重。最后,通过对纳米科技发展前瞻/部署的深度挖掘和分析,将获取的35份报告中涉及的研究方向按照生物、环境、能源、器件与制造、测量、仪器设备、标准与安全等7个领域进行比较分析,发现各国较为重视纳米生物领域的研究,此领域在各国的纳米科技战略计划中多有涉及,而纳米标准与安全的相关研究战略则在较少国家的纳米战略计划中被提及。 相似文献
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科学家发现具有高效抑止肿瘤生长的纳米颗粒纳米生物效应是一个新的学科交叉领域,高能物理所纳米生物效应实验室自成立以来就把核分析技术和同步辐射技术与化学、纳米技术、医学以及生物技术相结合,针对健康与环境中的一些关键问题进行学科交叉研究。在不到两年时间,取得了一系列成果相继发表在纳米、化学和毒理学领域的国际一流学术刊物上。最近他们发现,经过适当化学修饰的一种纳米颗粒具有高效抑止肿瘤生长的效果,但却不直接杀死细胞,不仅能增强肿瘤小鼠的免疫能力,而且几乎无毒。这与传统抗肿瘤药物有很大不同,正是肿瘤治疗所追求的效果… 相似文献
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未来10年我国最有可能的10大科技突破 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
600多位专家对我国信息、生物和新材料领域进行预测，提出了未来10年我国最有可能的科学突破与技术突破共10项：下一代移动通信技术、中国下一代网络体系、纳米级芯片技术、中文信息处理技术、生物信息学、人类功能基因组学的研究、医药生物技术和中医药技术、蛋白组学研究、纳米材料与纳米技术。 相似文献
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正提起纳米材料,也许很多人都会认为很"遥远",但在中国科学院高能物理研究所纳米生物效应与安全性重点实验室副研究员尹文艳看来,纳米材料不但很接地气,更与人们的衣食住行息息相关。多年来,她在无机非金属纳米材料的可控设计制备及表面修饰、纳米生物效应与安全性研究以及生物纳米荧光探针、肿瘤的诊疗一体化等研究的推进上,脚踏实地地努力着。 相似文献
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一维纳米材料（碳纳米管、纳米线、氧化物纳米带）作为研制纳电子器件理想的材料具有重要的科学意义和应用前景。本工作主要集中在氧化物纳米带、碳纳米管的功能化及其和纳米器件性质研究。 相似文献
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Jiale Xia Yumeng Xue Bo Lei Lingling Xu Mingzi Sun Na Li Hongyang Zhao Min Wang Meng Luo Chao Zhang Bolong Huang Yaping Du Chun-Hua Yan 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(7)
2D nanomaterials generally exhibit enhanced physiochemical and biological functions in biomedical applications due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and surface charge. Conventional cancer chemotherapy based on nanomaterials has been hindered by their low drug loading and poor penetration in tumor tissue. To overcome these difficulties, novel materials systems are urgently needed. Hereby, the lanthanide-based porphyrin metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets (NSs) with promising cancer imaging/chemotherapy capacities are fabricated, which display superior performance in the drug loading and tumor tissue penetration. The biodegradable PPF-Gd NSs deliver an ultrahigh drug loading (>1500%) and demonstrate the stable and highly sensitive stimuli-responsive degradation/release for multimodal tumor imaging and cancer chemotherapy. Meanwhile, PPF-Gd NSs also exhibit excellent fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging capability in vitro and in vivo. Compared to the traditional doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy, the in vivo results confirm the evident suppression of the tumor growth by the PPF-Gd/DOX drug delivery system with negligible side effects. This work further supports the potential of lanthanide-based MOF nanomaterials as biodegradable systems to promote the cancer theranostics technology development in the future. 相似文献
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Materials of nanoscale size exhibit properties that macroscopic materials often do not have. The same holds for bubbles on the nanoscale: nanoscale gaseous domains on a solid-liquid interface have surprising properties. These include the shape, the long life time, and even superstability. Such so-called surface nanobubbles may have wide applications. This prospective article covers the basic properties of surface nanobubbles and gives several examples of potential nanobubble applications in nanomaterials and nanodevices. For example, nanobubbles can be used as templates or nanostructures in surface functionalization. The nanobubbles produced in situ in a microfluidic system can even induce an autonomous motion of the nanoparticles on which they form. Their formation also has implications for the fluid transport in narrow channels in which they form. 相似文献
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Because of their low cost, natural abundance, environmental benignity, plentiful polymorphs, good chemical stability and excellent optical properties, TiO2 materials are of great importance in the areas of physics, chemistry and material science. Much effort has been devoted to the synthesis of TiO2 nanomaterials for various applications. Among them, mesoporous TiO2 materials, especially with hierarchically porous structures, show great potential owing to their extraordinarily high surface areas, large pore volumes, tunable pore structures and morphologies, and nanoscale effects. This review aims to provide an overview of the synthesis and applications of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials. In the first section, the general synthetic strategies for hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials are reviewed. After that, we summarize the architectures of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials, including nanofibers, nanosheets, microparticles, films, spheres, core-shell and multi-level structures. At the same time, the corresponding mechanisms and the key factors for the controllable synthesis are highlighted. Following this, the applications of hierarchically mesoporous TiO2 materials in terms of energy storage and environmental protection, including photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, photocatalytic fuel generation, photoelectrochemical water splitting, catalyst support, lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, are discussed. Finally, we outline the challenges and future directions of research and development in this area. 相似文献
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Thanks to its unique features at the nanoscale, nanofluidics, the study and application of fluid flow in nanochannels/nanopores with at least one characteristic size smaller than 100 nm, has enabled the occurrence of many interesting transport phenomena and has shown great potential in both bio- and energy-related fields. The unprecedented growth of this research field is apparently attributed to the rapid development of micro/nanofabrication techniques. In this review, we summarize recent activities and achievements of nanofabrication for nanofluidic devices, especially those reported in the past four years. Three major nanofabrication strategies, including nanolithography, microelectromechanical system based techniques, and methods using various nanomaterials, are introduced with specific fabrication approaches. Other unconventional fabrication attempts which utilize special polymer properties, various microfabrication failure mechanisms, and macro/microscale machining techniques are also presented. Based on these fabrication techniques, an inclusive guideline for materials and processes selection in the preparation of nanofluidic devices is provided. Finally, technical challenges along with possible opportunities in the present nanofabrication for nanofluidic study are discussed. 相似文献
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Xinyu Wang Jiahua Pu Yi Liu Fang Ba Mengkui Cui Ke Li Yu Xie Yan Nie Qixi Mi Tao Li Lingli Liu Manzhou Zhu Chao Zhong 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(5):929
Nanoscale objects feature very large surface-area-to-volume ratios and are now understood as powerful tools for catalysis, but their nature as nanomaterials brings challenges including toxicity and nanomaterial pollution. Immobilization is considered a feasible strategy for addressing these limitations. Here, as a proof-of-concept for the immobilization of nanoscale catalysts in the extracellular matrix of bacterial biofilms, we genetically engineered amyloid monomers of the Escherichia coli curli nanofiber system that are secreted and can self-assemble and anchor nano-objects in a spatially precise manner. We demonstrated three scalable, tunable and reusable catalysis systems: biofilm-anchored gold nanoparticles to reduce nitro aromatic compounds such as the pollutant p-nitrophenol, biofilm-anchored hybrid Cd0.9Zn0.1S quantum dots and gold nanoparticles to degrade organic dyes and biofilm-anchored CdSeS@ZnS quantum dots in a semi-artificial photosynthesis system for hydrogen production. Our work demonstrates how the ability of biofilms to grow in scalable and complex spatial arrangements can be exploited for catalytic applications and clearly illustrates the design utility of segregating high-energy nano-objects from injury-prone cellular components by engineering anchoring points in an extracellular matrix. 相似文献
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Surface engineering of synthetic carriers is an essential and important strategy for drug delivery in vivo. However, exogenous properties make synthetic nanosystems invaders that easily trigger the passive immune clearance mechanism, increasing the retention effect caused by the reticuloendothelial systems and bioadhesion, finally leading to low therapeutic efficacy and toxic effects. Recently, a cell membrane cloaking technique has been reported as a novel interfacing approach from the biological/immunological perspective, and has proved useful for improving the performance of synthetic nanocarriers in vivo. After cell membrane cloaking, nanoparticles not only acquire the physiochemical properties of natural cell membranes but also inherit unique biological functions due to the presence of membrane-anchored proteins, antigens, and immunological moieties. The derived biological properties and functions, such as immunosuppressive capability, long circulation time, and targeted recognition integrated in synthetic nanosystems, have enhanced their potential in biomedicine in the future. Here, we review the cell membrane-covered nanosystems, highlight their novelty, introduce relevant biomedical applications, and describe the future prospects for the use of this novel biomimetic system constructed from a combination of cell membranes and synthetic nanomaterials. 相似文献
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Junya Suehiro 《Biomicrofluidics》2010,4(2)
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an electrokinetic motion of dielectrically polarized materials in nonuniform electric fields. DEP has been successfully applied to manipulation of nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), metallic nanoparticles, and semiconducting nanowires. Under positive DEP force, which attracts nanomaterials toward the higher field region, nanomaterials are trapped in the electrode gap and automatically establish good electrical connections between them and the external measuring circuit. This feature allows us a fast, simple, and low-cost fabrication of nanomaterial-based sensors based on a bottom-up approach. This paper first presents a theoretical background of DEP phenomena and then reviews recent works of the present author, which were aimed to develop nanomaterial-based sensors, such as a CNT gas sensor and a ZnO nanowire photosensor, using DEP fabrication technique. It is also demonstrated that DEP technique enables self-formation of interfaces between various nanomaterials, which can be also applicable as novel sensing transducers. 相似文献
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Natural biological systems are constantly developing efficient mechanisms to counter adverse effects of increasing human population and depleting energy resources. Their intelligent mechanisms are characterized by the ability to detect changes in the environment, store and evaluate information, and respond to external stimuli. Bio-inspired replication into man-made functional materials guarantees enhancement of characteristics and performance. Specifically, butterfly architectures have inspired the fabrication of sensor and energy materials by replicating their unique micro/nanostructures, light-trapping mechanisms and selective responses to external stimuli. These bio-inspired sensor and energy materials have shown improved performance in harnessing renewable energy, environmental remediation and health monitoring. Therefore, this review highlights recent progress reported on the classification of butterfly wing scale architectures and explores several bio-inspired sensor and energy applications. 相似文献