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1.
采用北方地区常见的三种工、农业生产下脚料木屑、玉米芯、稻草为主料,在相同条件下分别培养凤尾菇,比较其发菌情况与生物转化效率,通过结果统计与分析,从中筛选出转化率最高的栽培原料及其最佳原料配比. 相似文献
2.
张立国 《扬州职业大学学报》2013,17(2):47-49
农作物秸秆是一种可再生资源,我国的农作物秸秆种类多、产量大、分布广。本文分析了我国农作物秸秆利用的现状,从可持续发展和环境保护的角度探讨了农作物秸秆综合利用的前景及目前技术发展的动态,并就农作物秸秆的利用技术前景与可持续发展提出了意见和建议。 相似文献
3.
旨在为秸秆类木质纤维素沼气工业化奠定科学基础,以滤纸作为纤维素材料对不同发酵原料和发酵时期的沼气池菌系进行驯化和筛选,并研究其中温条件下对麦秸、玉米秸和滤纸的降解特性.采用减重法、分光光度法和蒸馏法分别测定复合菌系在发酵过程中的纤维素降解能力、复合菌系生物量和发酵液中挥发性有机酸.结果显示：发酵原料和发酵时期的菌源纤维素降解能力有较大差异,来自粪便池源的复合菌系在发酵前期纤维素降解力强,而秸秆池源的复合菌系在发酵后期纤维素降解力强.粪源产气稳定期的复合菌系F6的降解能力最强,对纤维素降解能力由高到低依次为滤纸、麦秸和玉米秸. 相似文献
4.
A newly isolated strain EL31410, producing elastase (E. C3. 4. 4. 7) with high elastolytic activity was identified asBacillus sp. In the medium optimization, it was found that wheat bran and soybean flour hydrosate were the best crude carbon and nitrogen
source for enzyme production, respectively. Addition of corn steep flour can affect the bacterium growth and elastase production.
A fractional factorial design was applied to study the main factors that affect the enzyme production, and central composite
experimental design and response surface methodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for the effect of wheat bran
and soybean flour hydrosate on elastase production. The experimental results showed that wheat bran had positive effect but
soybean flour hydrosate had negative effect, on enzyme production. An initial concentration of 3.4% (w/v) wheat bran and 9.4%
(v/v) soybean flour hydrosate were found to be optimal for enzyme production in batch culture. The time course of elastase
production in the optimized medium composition was also described.
Project (No. 300024) supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China 相似文献
5.
黑皮鸡枞菌液体培养基优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验比较不同pH条件及培养基配方对黑皮鸡枞菌丝体（球）生长的影响以探讨最佳液体培养黑皮鸡枞最佳的pH及配方条件．通过预实验筛选出玉米粉、麸皮、大豆粉、K2HPO4、MgSO4为碳源、氮源及微量营养因子;用四因素四水平正交表进行试验,以菌丝体的干物质量为基准比较．结果表明：液体培养条件下,获得最高黑皮鸡枞菌丝体生物量的最佳配方为：麸皮14g／L·玉米粉11g／L·大豆粉2g／L·KH：PO4 1.2g／L·MgSO40．9g／L;最适pH为6．0． 相似文献
6.
7.
目的:研究高温α-淀粉酶处理浓度和时间对中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的影响,为准确测定NDF提供参考。方法:利用玉米、豆粕、玉米秸秆和黄豆秸秆为原料,开展5批试验,每批5个处理,每个处理3个重复。在每批试验中,分别用0、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 g/L高温α-淀粉酶对其在75℃处理24 h,研究高温α-淀粉酶的浓度对淀粉消失率和NDF测定结果的影响;用2.0 g/L高温α-淀粉酶在75℃对饲料原料分别处理0、12、24、36和48 h,研究高温α-淀粉酶的处理时间对淀粉消失率和NDF测定结果的影响。结果:随着高温α-淀粉酶的浓度升高,玉米、玉米秸秆和黄豆秸秆的淀粉消失率分别线性提高(P0.05),但对豆粕的淀粉消失率影响较小(P=0.401)。玉米和豆粕的NDF测定结果分别线性降低(P0.05),但对玉米秸秆(P=0.300)和黄豆秸秆(P=0.144)的NDF测定结果影响较小。随着高温α-淀粉酶处理时间的增加,玉米、豆粕、玉米秸秆和黄豆秸秆的淀粉消失率分别线性提高(P0.05)。与对照组相比,玉米、豆粕、玉米秸秆和黄豆秸秆的NDF分别线性降低(P0.05)。结论:添加高温α-淀粉酶能够有效降低饲料原料中淀粉含量,淀粉酶添加量越大或处理时间越长,对淀粉含量降低效果越明显,饲料原料的NDF测定结果就越准确。在本试验中,用于测定饲料原料的适宜α-淀粉酶的浓度与时间分别为2.0 g/L与24 h。 相似文献
8.
通过设置3组实验组和3组对照组,研究污泥和尿素对小麦秸秆厌氧发酵的影响。以100g小麦秸秆为发酵原料,当3组实验组中接种河塘污泥分别为20g,30g,40g时,累积产气量分别为1429ml,2163ml,2544ml,平均日产气量分别为59.54ml,80.10ml,94.20ml。分别添加2.0g尿素后,累积产气量分别为3521ml,4322ml,5209ml;平均日产气量分别为140.84ml,166.20ml,192.90ml。结果表明,随着污泥接种量的增加,实验组和对照组小麦秸秆发酵累积产气量均显著增加。同时,3组实验组均在实验第一天没有产气,第27天产气结束。3组对照组均在第一天有产气,第25天产气结束。结果表明,添加尿素,对提高小麦秸秆发酵产气量,缩短秸秆发酵周期具有重要作用。 相似文献
9.
Biofuels produced from cellulosic biomass can be used to replace petroleum-based transportation fuels. However, the manufacturing cost of cellulosic biofuels is still high, partly due to the low density of cellulosic feed-stocks. Pelleting of cellulosic feedstocks can increase their density, making their transportation and storage as well as biofuel conversion more efficient and, therefore, reducing the overall cost of biofuel manufacturing. It has been shown that ultrasonic-vibration-assisted (UV-A) pelleting, without using high-temperature steam and binder materials, can produce pellets with density comparable to that produced by conventional pelleting methods. Furthermore, the sugar yield of biomass (wheat straw) processed with UV-A pelleting is 20% higher than that of biomass pelleted without ultrasonic vibration. This paper reports an experimental investigation of UV-A pelleting of switchgrass. The influences of ultrasonic vibration on pellet density, stability, durability, and pelleting force are discussed. It is concluded that pellets processed with ultrasonic vibration had higher density and stability than those processed without ultrasonic vibration, they were more durable than those processed without ultrasonic vibration, and pelleting force with ultrasonic vibration was lower than that without ultrasonic vibration. 相似文献
10.
刘辉 《安徽广播电视大学学报》2012,(2):121-125
通过分析植物秸秆与煤炭燃烧特性,得出植物秸秆燃烧特性主要受本身的化学特性控制。比较了不同植物秸秆燃烧结渣特性,指出主要碱金属和氯元素对燃烧设备所产生的影响,并提出相应的解决办法。 相似文献
11.
造纸工业是我国环境污染的主要行业之一,传统碱法制浆技术产生黑液污染高,难以治理.通过与传统碱法制浆造纸技术对比,结合实例介绍了甲酸法漂白麦草浆技术工艺流程、技术特点及清洁生产指标分析,并对甲酸制浆技术废水处理方案和处理效果进行了论述,提出工艺存在的缺陷和相应的对策. 相似文献
12.
A newly isolated strain EL31410, producing elastase (E.C3.4.4.7) with high elastolytic activity was identified as Bacillus sp. In the medium optimization, it was found that wheat bran and soybean flour hydrosate were the best crude carbon and nitrogen source for enzyme production, respectively. Addition of corn steep flour can affect the bacterium growth and elastase production. A fractional factorial design was applied to study the main factors that affect the enzyme production, and central composite experimental design and response surface methodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for the effect of wheat bran and soybean flour hydrosate on elastase production. The experimental results showed that wheat bran had positive effect but soybean flour hydrosate had negative effect, on enzyme production. An initial concentration of 3.4%(w/v) wheat bran and 9.4%(v/v) soybean flour hydrosate were found to be optimal for enzyme production in batch culture. The time course of elastase production in the optimized medium composition was also described. 相似文献
13.
秸秆生物质能的开发利用是促进社会主义新农村建设的一条有效途径。应完善相关政策措施和法律法规,加强秸秆利用技术设备的研发和应用,加强秸秆综合利用的宣传引导,制定秸秆综合利用规划,从而有效地开发利用秸秆生物质能,促进社会主义新农村建设。 相似文献
14.
粮食种植结构和布局的变化是粮食生产及农业生产发展状况的重要反映。清末,东北地区粮食种植结构的状况是高粱、大豆、谷子、小麦四大作物并举,并形成"南豆北麦"的商品粮基本格局。民国时期,东北粮食种植结构进一步变化,由于大豆生产商品化的发展,东北的粮食种植结构呈现出以大豆为主体的、单一化的形态。同时,随着农业商品经济的发展与繁荣,粮食生产布局发生变化,商品粮产地逐渐北移,东北地区的粮食生产走向专业化和区域化。 相似文献
15.
Effect of different mulch materials on winter wheat production in desalinized soil in Heilonggang region of North China 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Freshwater shortage is the main problem in Heilonggang lower-lying plain, while a considerable amount of underground saline water is available. We wanted to find an effective way to use the brackish water in winter wheat production. Surface mulch has significant effect in reducing evaporation and decreasing soil salinity level. This research was aimed at comparing the effect of different mulch materials on winter wheat production. The experiment was conducted during 2002-2003 and 2003-2004. Four treatments were setup： （1） no mulch, （2） mulch with plastic film, （3） mulch with corn straw, （4） mulch with concrete slab between the rows. The result indicated that concrete mulch and straw mulch was effective in conserving soil water compared to plastic film mulch which increased soil temperature. Concrete mulch decreases surface soil salinity better in comparison to other mulches used. Straw mulch conserved more soil water but decreased wheat grain yield probably due to low temperature. Concrete mulch had similar effect with plastic film mulch on promoting winter wheat development and growth. 相似文献
16.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｄｅｍａｎｄｆｒｏｍｃｏｎｓｕｍｅｒｓｆｏｒｈｅａｌｔｈｙａｎｄｌｏｗｃｏｓｔｍｅｄｉｃａｌｓｈａｓｌｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｄｅ ｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅｍｅｄｉｃａｌｔｈｅｒａｐｙａｇｅｎｔｓｕ 相似文献
17.
以稀硫酸预处理的麦秆为底物,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化了底物的酶解条件.结果表明：酶解条件的主次顺序为底物质量浓度、酶质量浓度、酶解时间、酶解温度和pH;最佳酶解条件为底物质量浓度0.25 g/L、酶质量浓度2 g/L、酶解时间36 h、酶解温度45℃和pH为5.0,此时总还原糖含量最大为707.07 mg/g,糖含量显著增加.酶解对于提高麦秆的糖化率是非常有必要的. 相似文献
18.
The sight of another pigeon pecking a response key for grain resulted in similar pecking by more pigeons than did the sight of another pigeon eating or the sight of another pigeon (neither pecking nor eating). But more pigeons pecked the response key when they could see another pigeon that was neither pecking nor eating than when no other pigeon was there (whether or not key-light/grain pairings were observable in the adjacent compartment). Finally, observation of another pigeon pecking but not eating produced pecking comparable to observation of both pecking and eating. The presence of both imitation and social facilitation of keypecking were demonstrated. Observation of the consummatory response contributed little to keypecking. 相似文献
19.
绿色纤维餐具的生产工艺技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用稻草、麦秆等一年生草本植物制成的绿色纤维餐具是塑料制品的理想替代品,可有效制止“白色污染”。本工艺采用了独特的氨化、干法热压（公称压力２００ＫＮ,上下模温１００℃,９０℃,时间１０秒）和二次涂膜技术。 相似文献
20.
该文针对小麦抗倒伏的问题,分别将小麦茎秆按刚/弹性材料处理,通过微元法思想分别计算出各个节点处最大弯应力及安全应力,得出麦秆折断的条件是:实际弯应力与临界弯应力最接近的那个节点,从而建立了小麦茎秆抗倒伏的数学模型。最后应用该模型对2007年数据中腊熟期各品种的抗倒伏风速进行了计算。 相似文献