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知识创新是知识型企业研发团队的主要工作和根本任务。通过分析知识型企业研发团队知识创新活动的基本类型、成果形式和主要特点,建立知识型企业研发团队知识创新绩效评价指标体系。在此基础上,通过实证研究建立基于BP神经网络的研发团队知识创新绩效综合评价模型,并运用该评价指标体系和综合评价模型对样本团队的知识创新绩效进行模型仿真。 相似文献
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网络信息安全人因失误发现是人因失误分析及其纠正的起点,人因失误发现的重要途径是通过4个方面的比较实现：预计效果与实现结果;设备失效与自身的失误效果;计划行为与执行行为;意图与计划,从它们之间的失配,发现信息安全人因失误。论文提出一种网络信息安全人因失误纠正框架,主要从人因失误分析与确定、纠正计划及其实施三个方面展开。失误分析与确定是通过调查研究,对人因失误原因进行说明与辨识;通过构建纠正框架,期望及时发现并纠正人因失误,从而有效控制并相应减少人因失误的发生。 相似文献
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认为差错信息差表征差错发生过程中与常态相偏离的信息,有必要引入合适的理论和方法来处理、研究和利用差错信息资源。在以系统科学理论确定差错信息之内涵的基础上,从信息管理理论视角阐述差错信息的各种特征,分析差错信息的类别及其产生机制,提出收集、组织、开发差错信息资源的途径和方法。指出通过差错学习,为组织的发展和变革提供服务,提高组织绩效。 相似文献
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The ability to correctly classify sentences that describe events is an important task for many natural language applications
such as Question Answering (QA) and Text Summarisation. In this paper, we treat event detection as a sentence level text classification
problem. Overall, we compare the performance of discriminative versus generative approaches to this task: namely, a Support
Vector Machine (SVM) classifier versus a Language Modeling (LM) approach. We also investigate a rule-based method that uses
handcrafted lists of ‘trigger’ terms derived from WordNet. Two datasets are used in our experiments to test each approach
on six different event types, i.e., Die, Attack, Injure, Meet, Transport and Charge-Indict. Our experimental results show that the trained SVM classifier significantly outperforms the simple rule-based system and
language modeling approach on both datasets: ACE (F1 66% vs. 45% and 38%, respectively) and IBC (F1 92% vs. 88% and 74%, respectively).
A detailed error analysis framework for the task is also provided which separates errors into different types: semantic, inference, continuous and trigger-less. 相似文献
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差错信息是组织的一类特殊的信息资源,是个人信息的组成部分,可以通过施加有效的管理手段,使个人拥有的差错信息转移成为组织的共同知识。借助信息管理学的理论范式,从信息传递、信息利用和信息共享三个方面分析差错信息的特点。差错自我报告、差错他人报告和差错学习是实现差错信息有效传递和利用的主要途径。通过指定专门的机构管理差错信息、建立差错管理信息系统、培育良好的差错管理文化等措施加强差错信息共享。 相似文献
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C A Perry 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1990,78(3):271-282
Efforts to represent knowledge effectively have been central to progress in various aspects of medical informatics. These efforts range from relatively simple "electronic textbooks" to fairly sophisticated knowledge-based systems, which function as well as, or even better than, human experts faced with similar problems. Knowledge bases have been developed in many fields, but the relatively limited domains and structured language of medicine, as well as the importance of information in the provision of good medical care, have made research in medical knowledge representation an area of intense activity. This paper reviews representative knowledge bases and knowledge-based systems in medicine: electronic textbooks such as PDQ and the Hepatitis Knowledge Base (HKB), rule-based systems such as MYCIN, causal models (e.g., CASNET), and hypothesis- or frame-based systems, exemplified by PIP and INTERNIST-1. The paper describes the relationships among divergent approaches and provides a sense of current and future trends. It examines problems in knowledge-based systems, particularly in knowledge representation and acquisition, and the responses to these challenges. The latter include the use of domain-independent software shells for constructing knowledge bases, the adaptation and use of previously existing knowledge bases, and multiple uses of the same knowledge base for different purposes. 相似文献
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熵作为度量变换的等价量概念在许多学科中得到应用。熵概念引入信息领域,开创了人类信息时代。知识管理时代的到来,提高知识工作和知识工作者的生产率是21世纪知识管理的任务。然而知识是什么?知识创造成果如何度量?则成为知识经济社会发展亟待解决的基础理论问题。本文把熵理论引入知识管理中,使用知识元熵函数△S log(△S)代换信息熵△I,以知识熵代替知识科学方程中的信息熵的方法,建立了知识科学方程组。这一方程组的意义在于第一次给出了对知识扩散的贡献可用知识熵的数量进行度量的方法,进而揭示了如何判定知识扩散生命周期的数量关系。 相似文献
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Albert KM 《Medical reference services quarterly》2007,26(3):1-19
Satisfying clinical information needs remains a major challenge in medicine, underscored by recent studies showing high medical error rates and suboptimal physician adherence to evidence-based practice guidelines. Advanced clinical decision support systems can improve practitioner performance and patient outcomes. Similarly, integrating online information resources into electronic health records (EHRs) shows great potential for positively impacting health care quality. This paper explores the evolution and current status of knowledge-based resource linkages within EHRs, including the benefits and drawbacks, as well as the important role librarians can play in this process. 相似文献
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This article investigates the error rates in shelf-ready cataloged monographs from Ingram Coutts Information Services that were received at The University of Western Ontario. Using quality control reports from a period of two years, over 500 cataloging errors were entered into a database organized by frequency, severity, and other factors. With this information, we analyzed the frequency of errors and their root causes. We found that overall error rates are low, and the quality of shelf-ready cataloging has improved since first implementing the outsourcing program. 相似文献
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任务是用户进行信息搜寻的原动力,是影响信息搜寻的主要因素。在阐述任务概念及类型划分现状的基础上构建信息搜寻行为中任务的框架。任务内部基本特征包括目标特征、路径特征和结果特征;任务外部特征重点强调任务执行者特征中已有知识及认知需求的影响。综合任务的内外特征再确定任务类型,探讨其与信息搜寻行为之间的影响关系,最后提出基于任务框架的主要研究问题。 相似文献
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A. E. Shivarov 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2007,34(2):97-105
The functioning properties of a university library in regards to its provision of electronic service to readers have been studied throughout extensive experimental exploitation. Additionally, the evolution of the automated library information system of the N.E. Bauman Yauza library at MSTU is considered. Requirements are proposed to achieve an effective automated system for the processing, storing, and searching of electronic information resources in a university’s library based on certain identified properties. The following key principles necessary for this type of system to function are developed: the stream typology for the completion of a modern university library, a uniform model of electronic information resources, the architecture of a subsystem for presenting and searching electronic resources, organizational methods for processing the most commonly received types of incoming documents for a library with the purpose of organizing effective electronic service for readers. 相似文献
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青少年网络信息查询行为影响因素实证分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用实证研究方法,对青少年的认知风格、年级和任务类型因素对其网络信息查询效果和具体查询行为的影响进行探究。结果表明,青少年所在的年级和任务类型对其查询效果和行为有较大影响,高中生的表现整体较初中生好,完成不同任务时青少年的信息行为有较大差异;认知风格仅对点击网页内超链接次数有所影响。 相似文献
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[目的/意义]引文是施引文献与被引成果的纽带，反映了后继者的借鉴和肯定。本研究在传统题录关键词网络的基础上，创新地将引文上下文关键词作为研究材料，所构建知识图谱不仅能揭示文献主题的深层次信息，也能够反映受众主观筛选和利用文献的知识过程。[方法/过程]选取数字人文为研究领域，获取3个文献集和两个引文文本集，构建两个无向的关键词共现网络和两个有向的基于文献引证的关键词网络。通过共现网络，观察数字人文领域知识的吸收与扩散；通过引证关键词网络，观察数字人文的形成与转化。[结果/结论]研究揭示数字人文的研究重点、核心领域与核心技术，从受众的角度为数字人文领域未来研究提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 自动识别项目申请书摘要中的科学要素,对于揭示科技项目中的科学知识具有重要的研究意义。这些科学要素的识别依赖于结构化项目摘要文本,然而目前结构化项目摘要语料资源匮乏,严重制约着相关研究的进一步发展。拟构建项目申请书摘要文本的语步语料集,为相关研究提供数据支撑。[方法/过程] 首先将项目摘要内容归纳为背景及问题、目标及任务、方法内容、价值意义4种语步类型,总结每个语步结构中出现的标志性特征并制定语步标注规范;其次相继利用基于规则和基于深度学习的方法辅助人工进行项目摘要的语步结构标注,并对每轮标注后的语料进行质量评估。[结果/结论] 两种方法共计标注近25 000条语句,语料标注的一致性系数达到0.983 9,表明该语料集基本能够区分项目摘要内的不同语步结构,初步达到了语料库建设的基本要求。 相似文献
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文少保 《中国科技资源导刊 (中国信息导报)》2012,(5):75-79
面对新的知识生产模式,大学跨学科研究组织在进行知识生产的同时还要开展知识创业。大学跨学科研
究组织进行知识创业需要5 类能力：问题解决能力、组织领导能力、项目申请与履约能力、资源获取与配置能力、知
识转化为生产力的能力。当5 类能力得到满足时,大学跨学科研究组织走向知识创业需要合适的创新路径：明确组织目
标,规划知识创业愿景;优化组织结构,构建知识创业团队;有效配置资源,加强资源整合;发挥集成与转化功能,
实现知识创业。 相似文献