开封城市家庭日常出行碳排放空间分异研究     

荣培君  张丽君  刘荣增  秦耀辰  郑智成 《资源科学》2018,40(6):1307-1318

在气候变化和快速城镇化的背景下可持续交通问题日益受到重视。本文借助大样本调查数据和高分辨率遥感影像,以城市快速扩张的典型中小城市河南开封市为研究区域,采用ESDA、GWR等空间统计和分析方法探索城市内部家庭出行碳排放空间差异及影响因素。结果表明：① 开封市家庭出行碳排放的高值集聚区大多分布于城市的外圈层,在一定程度上验证了城市蔓延对居民出行碳排放增加的驱动效应;② 家庭出行碳排放的局部空间差异反映出城市快速扩张区域新建商品房小区职住分离、公共服务供给与城市发展不匹配的现象,以及城市发展缓慢区域大型购物场所等便民服务设施缺失等问题;③ 家庭出行碳排放的不均衡性明显,但收入水平并非决定因素,小汽车的拥有量、出行距离、出行频率以及机动车出行比重对其有显著的正向影响,其中教育出行距离比职住距离影响更甚,说明伴随着家庭对教育的不断重视,优质教育资源的不均衡发展有待改善;④ 除男主人出行频率对出行碳排放的影响空间破碎化程度较高外,其余影响因素的作用强度均明显存在与城市发展的主要方向相一致的东西带状渐变的空间分布规律。  相似文献   

全面建设小康社会的能源合理利用与CO2减排   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

郎一环  王礼茂  顾鹏 《资源科学》2004,26(6):118-124

与世界发达国家的比较,可以发现中国能源消费结构以煤为主,CO2排放总量大但人均量小,单位能耗的CO2排放指标偏高.21世纪头20年是中国全面建设小康社会的关键时期,在人口将继续增长、能耗规模继续增大、以煤为主的能源结构难以根本改变的情况下,如何实现CO2减排,是对中国的严峻挑战.借鉴发达国家的经验教训,该文提出优化产业结构,不断提高新技术产业和第三产业的比例;改善能源结构,提高水电、核能、太阳能及生物能等清洁能源比例;引进和开发能源环保技术,提高能源利用效率;以法律、政策和经济手段,促进能源合理利用和削减CO2的排放量的设想和对策.  相似文献   

环境规制下中国农业技术效率的区域差异与影响因素——基于农业碳排放与农业面源污染双重约束的视角     

解春艳  黄传峰  徐浩 《科技管理研究》2021,41(15):184-190

低碳发展和绿色发展是农业可持续发展的核心内容,将农业碳排放与农业面源污染纳入统一分析框架,分别从省域与区域层面探讨中国农业技术效率的区域差异,并对农业技术效率的影响因素进行分析.结果 表明,中国近60％省域的农业技术效率未达到生产前沿;东部地区效率值最高,中部地区最低;东部沿海地区农业技术效率处于最优生产前沿面,长江中游地区处于较低水平;粮食主销区效率值最高,粮食主产区最低;农业技术效率与经济发展水平呈正U型关系,互联网发展水平和农业财政支持对农业技术效率有显著促进作用,而种植结构存在负向影响.  相似文献   

基于PSO的电力系统环境经济负荷调度   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈茂迁  王海燕  张勤 《江西电力职业技术学院学报》2009,22(1)

针对基于线性加权和处理成单目标优化问题的传统方法存在的缺陷,提出使用粒子群优化算法求解EELD多目标优化问题。该方法通过对粒子群算法个体极值和全局极值选取方式的改进,实现了对EELD多目标优化问题的非劣最优解集的搜索,为决策者提供了丰富的参考信息。在此基础上,应用模糊满意度方法求出的最优折衷解为调度运行人员提供了最佳调度折衷方案。最后,对一个三机系统进行了测试,并与线性加权人工神经网络法进行了比较分析,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。  相似文献   

Evaluating effects of atmospheric CO2 on stability of global climate: a cell-to-cell mapping approach     

HUANG Li  LIU Xin-an  JIA Charles Q. 《重庆大学学报(英文版)》2010,9(1):1-11

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2], incoming solar radiation and sea ice coverage are among the most important factors that control the global climate. By applying the simple cell-to-cell mapping technique to a simplified atmosphere-ocean-sea ice feedback climate model, effects of these factors on the stability of the climatic system are studied. The current climatic system is found to be stable but highly nonlinear. The resiliency of stability increases with [CO2] to a summit when [CO2] reaches 290 μL/L which is comparable to the pre-industrial level, suggesting carbon dioxide is essential to the stability of the global climate. With [CO2] rising further, the global climate stability decreases, the mean ocean temperature goes up and the sea ice coverage shrinks in the polar region. When the incoming solar radiation is intensified, the ice coverage gradually diminishes, but the mean ocean temperature remains relatively constant. Overall, our analysis suggests that at the current levels of three external factors the stability of global climate is highly resilient. However, there exists a possibility of extreme states of climate, such as a snow-ball earth and an ice-free earth.  相似文献   

中国工业能源碳排放面板数据估算:1998—2010年     

周五七 《黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报》2012,(3):68-77

为弥补相关研究对中国工业碳排放估算过于粗略的不足,利用IPCC推荐的碳排放核算方法,基于30个省级行政区和36个两位数细分行业的工业能源消费数据,对1998—2010年中国工业能源碳排放总量、地区工业能源碳排放及工业细分行业能源碳排放进行估算,结果表明:工业能源碳排放占据中国能源碳排放的70%左右,主要集中分布在东部沿海地区(尤其是环渤海地区)和能源开采与加工、金属冶炼、设备制造及化工制品等重化工行业。因此,工业节能减排应考虑行业差异、地区差异及区域比较优势,依据行业与地区差别制定和实施适宜的工业低碳转型战略,推动工业结构优化升级与发展方式转变。  相似文献   

New cellulosic titanium dioxide nanocomposite as a protective coating for preserving paper-art-works     

Maryam Afsharpour  Fereshteh T. Rad  Hamid Malekian 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2011,12(4):380

We investigate the TiO₂ role in the inherent protection of paper works of art to protect them against damaging effect of ultraviolet radiation, pollutant gasses, mold and bacteria. In this study a cellulosic nanocomposite of TiO₂ were used as protective coating on the surface of paper fibers. This layered nanocomposite can act as a consolidate materials too. Furthermore, to determine how well paper works screen objects from the damaging effects, two accelerated aging mechanisms due to light and heat are discussed. Results show good stability of papers with nanocomposite coating. Also, a good light stability was shown in the colored paper that treated with this nanocomposite. Furthermore, to demonstrate the degree of antifungal properties of coated papers, papers were treated with two common molds and the good preventive effect of coated paper against molds is described.  相似文献   

A multilevel approach for the damage assessment of Historic masonry towers     

Anna Anzani  Luiga Binda  Alberto Carpinteri  Stefano Invernizzi  Guiseppe Lacidogna 《Journal of Cultural Heritage》2010,11(4):387-470

In the paper some case studies of damaged towers in Italy are presented: the Tower Masserano of Palace Ferrero - La Marmora at Biella, the bell tower of the Collegiata of San Vittore at Arcisate, and three medieval towers in Alba. A methodology is put forward for combining laboratory and nondestructive testing methods with monitoring systems in order to reach the goal of evaluating the state of conservation of historic towers and its evolution in time.  相似文献   

The carbon footprint of active sport participants     

《Sport Management Review》2019,22(4):513-526

Researchers examining carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions (carbon footprint) in sport have focused on sport events and, to a lesser extent, sport teams, but provided only average or aggregate values. The author takes the perspective of active sport participants and considers the heterogeneity of individual sport participation behavior. Using online surveys, adult active sport participants (n = 6537) in 20 different sports with main residence in Germany were asked to report their sport-travel behavior in 2015, including traveling in the context of regular (weekly) activity, sport competitions/tournaments, league games, day trips, and training camps/vacations. Annual carbon footprints were estimated using information about travel distances and transportation means. The results revealed an average annual carbon footprint of 844 kg of carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions, with individual sports producing more emissions than team/racket sports. Participants in nature sports had the highest emission levels. Regression analyses revealed that environmental consciousness significantly reduced carbon footprint in individual sports, but not in team/racket and nature sports, supporting the existence of an environmental value-action gap. Activity years, club membership, weekly exercise hours, performance level, and income were mainly positively associated with annual carbon footprint, while gender was insignificant. The findings have implications for policy makers and managers in sport associations and clubs.  相似文献   

基于消费者低碳偏好的供应链碳减排策略     

熊榕  梁承姬  韩婷婷 《上海海事大学学报》2019,40(4):52-60

针对一个占主导地位的零售商和两个制造商(名牌产品和普通产品制造商)组成的二级供应链,考虑制造商之间的定价顺序和低碳偏好消费者对普通产品的接受度,分别构建普通产品制造商采用或不采用减排技术情景下的收益模型,得出各情景下最优零售价格和收益。研究发现:零售商选择销售哪种产品与顾客对普通产品的接受度有关;普通产品制造商的减排策略主要取决于减排成本。在相同减排策略下,若顾客对普通产品接受度较大,制造商同时定价时产品的最优零售价小于等于不同时定价时产品的最优零售价,而同时定价时制造商的最优收益大于等于不同时定价时的最优收益,因此两个制造商应同时定价以获得更大的收益。  相似文献