传统农业区稻田多个物种共存对病虫草害的生态控制效应——以贵州省从江县为例     

张丹  成升魁  杨海龙  何露  焦雯珺  刘珊  闵庆文 《资源科学》2011,33(6):1032-1037

本文运用半试验与调查相结合的方法,以贵州省从江县传统农业地区的糯稻和杂交稻为例,研究了传统品种和现代品种在水稻单作(R)、稻-鱼(R-F)和稻-鱼-鸭(R-F-D)3种不同稻作方式下,稻田多个物种共存对稻田生态系统主要病虫草害及蜘蛛的影响。结果表明,就水稻品种而言,糯稻在3种稻作方式下的抑制杂草能力均优于杂交稻,糯稻田与杂交稻田的稻飞虱虫量、稻纵卷叶螟虫量以及蜘蛛量差异不显著,杂交稻在3种稻作方式下的抗稻瘟病能力显著高于糯稻。就稻作方式而言,R-F-D显著降低了田间杂草的发生密度,对稻田杂草鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)、节节菜(Rotala indica)等的抑制效果达到100%,总体抑制效果显著优于其它的稻作方式;R-F-D系统的稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟虫量较水稻单作明显减少;R-F系统的蜘蛛数量最高;R-F-D系统的抗稻瘟病性最好。  相似文献   

唐虞早夏时期晋南环境变迁与农业技术选择     

刘超  郭风平 《运城学院学报》2014,(6):40-44

晋南地区是我国旱作农业的起源地之一,自古以来便是全国重要的农区。然而,在唐虞早夏时期,伴随着剧烈的社会环境变迁和史前全球性气候事件下当地自然环境的逐步演变,从农业技术选择的角度上来讲,当地先民们,在传统旱作农业依然占主导地位的前提下,局部性地采取了稻作农业技术,使得稻作农业在晋南地区经历了从无到有、并获得进一步发展的过程。  相似文献   

Growth and yield of rice as affected by transplanting dates and seedlings per hill under high temperature of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan     

Baloch MS  Awan IU  Hassan G 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(7):572-579

Studies were initiated for two consecutive years to find out the effect of time of transplanting and seedlings hill^-l on the productivity of rice in Dera Ismail Khan district of North West Frontier Province （NWFP）, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements. Main plots consisted of four transplanting dates viz. 20th and 27th of June and 4th and 1 lth of July while sub-plots contained 1, 2, 3 or 4 seedlings hill^-1. Among transplanting dates, June 20th planted crop gave highest paddy yield and net return with I seedling hill^-1. It explains that the use of more seedlings hill^-1 not only adds to cost but is also a mere wastage of natural resources. Based on research findings, we conclude that the use of I seedling hill^-1 is most appropriate for timely sowing otherwise 4 seedlings hill^-1 should be used to compensate for the yield gap in late transplanted rice.  相似文献   

莱斯大学教育理念特色探析     

王释云  朱鹏举 《河北大学成人教育学院学报》2013,(1):104-106

莱斯大学被誉为美国南部的哈佛,它足美国最为著名的高等学府之一,是美国南部最为出色的综合性大学,它的本科教育具有其自身鲜明的特点。本文将埘莱斯大学做一简要探析,阐述莱斯大学的办学理念和办学特色。  相似文献   

Optimal waveband identification for estimation of leaf area index of paddy rice     

Fu-min Wang  Jing-feng Huang  Qi-fa Zhou  Xiu-zhen Wang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2008,9(12):953-963

The objectives of the study were to select suitable wavebands for rice leaf area index (LAI) estimation using the data acquired over a whole growing season, and to test the efficiency of the selected wavebands by comparing them with feature positions of rice canopy spectra. In this study, the field experiment in 2002 growing season was conducted at the experimental farm of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Measurements of hyperspectral reflectance (350-2500 nm) and corresponding LAI were made for a paddy rice canopy throughout the growing season. And three methods were employed to identify the optimal wavebands for paddy rice LAI estimation: correlation coefficient-based method, vegetation index-based method, and stepwise regression method. This research selected 15 wavebands in the region of 350-2500 nm, which appeared to be the optimal wavebands for the paddy rice LAI estimation. Of the selected wavebands, the most frequently occurring wavebands were centered around 554, 675, 723, and 1633 nm. They were followed by 444, 524, 576, 594, 804, 849, 974, 1074, 1219, 1510, and 2194 nm. Most of them made physical sense and had their counterparts in spectral known feature positions, which indicates the promising potential of the 15 selected wavebands for the retrieval of paddy rice LAI.  相似文献   

甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）在水稻中的迁移转化规律及其对水稻性状影响的研究     

庄新辉 《南平师专学报》2008,27(2):37-42

通过露天水稻盆栽试验,模拟自然环境研究MTBE在水、土壤和水稻中的迁移转化规律及其对水稻性状影响。结果表明,MTBE在水中的溶解量远大于其在土壤中的吸附量,MTBE在水中的消失速率快于土壤中的消失速率;同时研究了水稻体内MTBE分布规律;另外研究了MTBE对水稻叶片中的光合色素、游离脯氨酸和丙二醛的含量的影响及对水稻籽粒质量的影响。  相似文献   

水稻转化系统应用研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张明洲  夏英武 《金华职业技术学院学报》2002,2(1):5-9

本文简单综述了水稻遗传转化体系研究及其转化系统应用研究进展。  相似文献   

Genetic basis of heterosis and inbreeding depression in rice (Oryza sativa L.)     

ALAM M.F.  KHAN M.R.  NURUZZAMAN M.  PARVEZ S.  SWARAZ A.M.  ALAM I.  AHSAN N. 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2004,(4)

INTRODUCTIONAlthoughriceisanaturallyself-pollinatedcrop,strongheterosisisobservedintheirF1hybrids.HeterosisorhybridvigorismanifestedasimprovedperformanceforF1hybridsgeneratedbycrossingtwoinbredparents.Heterosiscanbedefinedquan-titativelyasanupwarddeviationofthemid-parent,basedonthemeanvaluesofthetwoparents(JohnsonandHutchinson,1993).Heterosismaybepositiveornegative.Dependinguponbreedingob-jectives,bothpositiveandnegativeheterosisareusefulforcropimprovement.Ingeneral,positiveheterosisisd…  相似文献   

稻纵卷叶螟综合管理决策     

张润杰  古德祥  蒲蛰龙 《中山大学学报论丛》1989,(1)

以净收益最大作为最优的管理目标,提出了稻纵卷叶螟的临界管理决策模型和多阶段综合管理的决策模型.讨论了不同虫口密度,不同的市场价格,不同的约束条件以及水稻不同生长时期对决策的影响.结果表明:当卷叶螟幼虫密度为10000—15000条/亩,采取‘杀虫单’根施是最优的;当田间成虫密度为500—1000头/亩,欲控制下代种群密度低于当代水平,则最优的控制方案是在成虫期采取诱杀,卵期释放赤眼蜂,幼虫期自然防治,蛹期田间浸蛹等农业措施.  相似文献   

cDNA cloning and sequence analysis of genome segments S8 from rice black-streaked dwarf virus     

张恒木  陈剑平  薛庆中  雷娟利 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2002,3(2):216-222

Genome segments S8 of two Chinese isolates of rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), one from Zhejiang Province and another from Hebei Province, were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Both segments consisted of 1936 nts in full length (EMBL accession numbers were AJ297431 and AJ297432, respectively) and contained only one big open reading frame which encoded a polypeptide with molecular weight of 68kD. The two Chinese isolates shared 94.0% and 96.5% identity at nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively. They shared 94.5-94.9% and 92.5-92.9% homology with S8 of RBSDV Japanese isolate at nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively; shared 85.1-87.6% and 91.7-91.9% homology with S7 of Italian MRDV (maize rough dwarf virus).  相似文献