Analgesics use in competitive triathletes: its relationship to doping and on predicting its usage     

Pavel Dietz  Robert Dalaker  Stephan Letzel  Rolf Ulrich  Perikles Simon 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(20):1965-1969

The two major objectives of this study were (i) to assess variables that predict the use of analgesics in competitive athletes and (ii) to test whether the use of analgesics is associated with the use of doping. A questionnaire primarily addressing the use of analgesics and doping was distributed among 2,997 triathletes. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the use of analgesics. Moreover, the randomised response technique (RRT) was used to estimate the prevalence of doping in order to assess whether users of analgesics have a higher potential risk for doping than non-users. Statistical power analyses were performed to determine sample size. The bootstrap method was used to assess the statistical significance of the prevalence difference for doping between users and non-users of analgesics. Four variables from a pool of 16 variables were identified that predict the use of analgesics. These were: “version of questionnaire (English)”, “gender (female)”, “behaviour in case of pain (continue training)”, and “hours of training per week (>12 h/week)”. The 12-month prevalence estimate for the use of doping substances (overall estimate 13.0%) was significantly higher in athletes that used analgesics (20.4%) than in those athletes who did not use analgesics (12.4%). The results of this study revealed that athletes who use analgesics prior to competition may be especially prone to using doping substances. The predictors of analgesic use found in the study may be of importance to prepare education material and prevention models against the misuse of drugs in athletes.  相似文献   

LiCo_(1-X)M_XO_2的循环伏安性能研究     

徐秋红  曹允洁  董晨初  刘元伟 《滨州学院学报》2006,22(6):30-34

采用高温固相反应法,以自制的CoOOH为前驱体,制备了掺杂的锂离子电池正极材料LiCo1-XMXO2(M=Ni,Mn,Al,Bi,Ti;X=0.1,0.2),通过粉末微电极循环伏安法对制备的材料进行了快速研究.实验结果表明:掺杂Ni元素、Mn元素和Ti元素,能提高材料的放电电压,降低其充电电压;而掺杂Al元素和Bi元素时,能同时提高材料的充电和放电电压.  相似文献   

掺杂金属氧化物对CuO气敏性能的影响     

王寅淳  郭金枝  侯振雨 《河南科技学院学报》2006,34(2):65-67

对CuO材料进行掺杂金属氧化物试验，并用乙醇、甲醛、液化气、汽油、氢气等气氛进行气敏试验，结果表明，合适的掺杂原料不仅可以改变氧化铜气敏元件的灵敏度，而且可以提高氧化铜气敏元件的选择性。  相似文献   

我国赛内和赛外兴奋剂检查结果的对比分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈志宇  王学智  王伟平 《北京体育大学学报》1999,(4)

赛内检查和赛外检查是兴奋剂检查的两种方式,是打击使用兴奋剂行为的两个有效的手段。通过比较二者的概念、实施方法、操作程序等内容,可以清楚的看到二者各自的优缺点。通过对1993～1997 年赛内、外检查结果的比较分析,可以看出这几年国家体育总局在逐步加大兴奋剂检查的力度的同时,逐渐注重赛外检查。但如何调整赛内检查和赛外检查的分布、结构,使之更科学、以及怎样使赛外检查得更有效,并进一步提高兴奋剂检查的质量,将是今后工作、研究的重点  相似文献   

六方钨氧化合物与掺杂效应及应用     

于尚慈  曹桂芳 《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2000,(2)

通过研究氧化六方铵钨青铜的制备条件、纯度与收率的关系以及氧化铵钨青铜在有机相和水相介质中的掺杂反应,得出氧化六方铵钨青铜掺杂均匀性更好的结果,具有一定的工业应用前景．  相似文献   

锂掺杂三氧化钨薄膜结构与色变性能的研究     

麻顺华  田力  唐世洪 《怀化学院学报》2010,29(2):52-56

三氧化钨是电致变色材料中最具特色的一种物质,为了满足实际应用的需要,常通过掺杂来改进三氧化钨电致变色薄膜的性能.本实验采用高氯酸锂作为掺杂剂进行锂掺杂,实验结果表明:进行锂掺杂后,薄膜的结构、色变响应性能得到了很大的提升.最后通过实验进行比较,得出了该方法中锂掺杂的最佳量.  相似文献   

Ego involvement increases doping likelihood     

Christopher Ring  Maria Kavussanu 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(15):1757-1762

Achievement goal theory provides a framework to help understand how individuals behave in achievement contexts, such as sport. Evidence concerning the role of motivation in the decision to use banned performance enhancing substances (i.e., doping) is equivocal on this issue. The extant literature shows that dispositional goal orientation has been weakly and inconsistently associated with doping intention and use. It is possible that goal involvement, which describes the situational motivational state, is a stronger determinant of doping intention. Accordingly, the current study used an experimental design to examine the effects of goal involvement, manipulated using direct instructions and reflective writing, on doping likelihood in hypothetical situations in college athletes. The ego-involving goal increased doping likelihood compared to no goal and a task-involving goal. The present findings provide the first evidence that ego involvement can sway the decision to use doping to improve athletic performance.  相似文献   

从政府、协会到个人:集体责任影响运动员比赛权的根据——兼论俄罗斯兴奋剂丑闻的处理     

杨春然  董兴佩 《武汉体育学院学报》2018,52(4):59-67

对于俄罗斯系统使用兴奋剂的行为,国际奥委会执委会以特别决议的方式,授权各国际体育联合会根据自己的规则进行处理。有的联合会,如国际田联,间接通过中止国家协会会籍的方式,也有联合会,如国际举联,直接通过适用决议或自己的规则,使政府责任演变为对比赛权的否定,导致很多俄罗斯运动员无缘于里约奥运会。俄罗斯运动员以违反责任主义原则或者比例原则为由,提起国际仲裁。CAS以这种处理并非是兴奋剂违规处罚,而是其不具备比赛条件,使之避开了法律的限制。当然,《决议》第3条规定除外,因其有悖于"禁止双重危险原则"而被CAS宣布为无效。经过此事件,体育法的一个最大变化是,运动员的比赛权开始与国家协会的管理权解构。  相似文献   

Therapeutic use exemptions and the doctrine of double effect     

Jon Pike 《体育哲学杂志》2018,45(1):68-82

Without taking a position on the overall justification of anti-doping regulations, I analyse the possible justification of Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUEs) from such rules. TUEs are a creative way to prevent the unfair exclusion of athletes with a chronic condition, and they have the potential to be the least bad option. But they cannot be competitively neutral. Their justification must rest, instead, on the relevance of intentions to permissibility. I illustrate this by means of a set of thought experiments in which only an athlete’s intentions vary. I argue that the Doctrine of Double Effect (DDE) sheds some light on TUEs and illustrate this by applying different readings of the DDE to the thought experiment. This underpins a justification of anti-doping exemptions very different from the approach adopted by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). I argue for three changes to bring TUEs in line with this understanding: rewriting of the regulations, transparency, and a greater role for athletes in determining what exemptions are allowed, and when.  相似文献   

兴奋剂检测方法的研究进展     

李卫东 《广州体育学院学报》2012,32(3):38-43

目前常用的兴奋剂检测方法有气相色谱、高效液相色谱、气相色谱-质谱联用、液相色谱-质谱联用、化学发光免疫分析法和电化学法等。色谱-质谱联用技术仍是兴奋剂检测的主要方法,气相色谱-质谱法和液相色谱-质谱法以及不断衍生的各类质谱联用技术可被用于检测大部分兴奋剂。免疫分析法主要被应用于类固醇类兴奋剂和激素类兴奋剂的检测。电化学法只能针对具有特定电活性的物质进行检测。基因兴奋剂的检测仍处在初级阶段。  相似文献