视力康复背景下体育锻炼与儿童动态视力关系研究及启示          下载免费PDF全文

潘景玲  蔡赓  殷荣宾  孙雷  王国祥 《体育科研》2019,(1):90-95

目的：探讨动态视力在不同类型体育项目间的发展特征，为体育锻炼改善视力的应用研究提供依据。方法：选取6~10岁无专门体育训练经历的在校学生和参加足球、乒乓球、跆拳道、空手道、游泳、体操等项目的俱乐部或体校学生，共603名。使用动态视力检测仪和标准对数视力灯箱测量动态视力和静态视力。计算动静比（动态视力/静态视力），并将其作为衡量动态视力发展水平的指标。结果：6~7岁是动态视力发展的敏感期（P＜0.05），8岁、10岁男性儿童的动静比高于女性儿童，且差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。校外体育练习组的动静比高于普通在校学生组（P＜0.05），开放性运动项目的动静比高于闭锁性运动项目（P＜0.05）。结论：参加体育锻炼对动态视力的发展有积极的影响，且不同运动项目的影响效果不同。  相似文献   

民族传统体育的生境选择与个性生成:基于黔北“独竹漂”的论析     

韩玉姬  王洪珅  张文涛  梁勤超 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(5):56-60

民族传统体育是窥视民族文化发展的窗口，其多元价值需要从不同理论视角来探究。主要运用文献资料法，在文化生态的理论框架内，从生境的角度切入，通过对黔北地区"独竹漂"这一典型个案来分析和探索民族传统体育在发展形成历程中的生境选择问题，具体从自然环境和社会环境两个维度来展开相关分析。同时，探讨了"独竹漂"这一文化事项的个性生成与所处生境的密切关联，以此阐明民族传统体育在发展过程中的生境选择问题，及其文化个性生成与生境的关系。  相似文献   

Efficacy of using non-linear pedagogy to support attacking players’ individual learning objectives in elite-youth football: A randomised cross-over trial     

Simon J. Roberts  James R. Rudd  Matthew J. Reeves 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(11-12):1454-1464

ABSTRACT

The present study examined the efficacy of a coaching curriculum, based on non-linear pedagogy, on improving attacking players’ individual learning objectives (ILOs) in elite-youth football. Participants included 22 attacking players (i.e., centre-forwards, wide-players and attacking midfield players) from a professional football academy in England. The players were randomly appointed to both control (CON) and intervention (INT) periods following baseline measures. The INT (non-linear) and CON (linear) periods were both designed to support the ILOs provided to each player as part of the elite player performance plan. The study adopted a randomised cross-over design and ILOs considered important for attacking players (i.e., strong foot finishing, weak foot finishing, 1-v-1 and decision-making) were evaluated using the Loughborough Shooting Skill Test. The results showed significant differences for INT in 1-v-1 (P< 0.02) and decision-making (P< 0.01). However, there were no significant differences for strong foot finishing, weak foot finishing or time taken. These results support non-linear pedagogy in developing 1-v-1 game play and decision-making but not for technical shooting proficiency.  相似文献   

体育产业高质量发展系统动力机制模型建构与现实考察     

薛昭铭  刘东升  马德浩 《沈阳体育学院学报》2020,(2):116-124

通过文献资料法和案例分析法,以系统论为视角对体育产业高质量发展进行动力机制模型建构,并以江苏体育产业发展经验作为现实考察。研究认为:体育产业高质量发展作为政策性议题,其实践取向应围绕产业的商业性效益逻辑和体育的人文性功能价值进行有机融合,进而推动体育产业在社会主要矛盾、资源配置方式、产业结构模式、经济增长状态4个维度中积极寻求转向。推进体育产业转向高质量发展是一个系统问题,系统运转的关键在于形成运动项目内涵丰富的内生机制、社会进步和经济发展环境的外发机制以及业态载体和空间载体充沛的内外联动机制。当前运动项目产业化内在张力不足、外部环境要素缺位、空间载体培育良莠不齐是现实挑战。提出注重深度内涵式发展、强化务实载体建设、营造适宜外部环境3个由意识理念引领到具体工作抓手的发展思路。  相似文献   

基于动态分阶势场法的船舶自动避碰系统     

罗贤程  尹建川  李宏宾 《上海海事大学学报》2020,41(1):1-7

为使船舶在多船避让环境下适应航行环境的变化并自动复航,提出基于动态分阶势场法的船舶自动避碰系统。该系统基于动态势场避障规划算法,利用模糊综合评价法量化船舶碰撞危险度;依据《国际海上避碰规则》确定本船在不同会遇局面下的避让行动,并据此对斥力势函数进行调整。该系统将本船的避碰过程划分为航迹保持、避让和复航3个阶段,根据不同阶段的要求构建动态分阶势场;利用动态分阶势场法对船舶的航行环境进行建模,进而生成恰当的航向指令;利用自动舵产生舵角指令控制船舶完成避让、复航和航迹保持。仿真结果表明:该自动避碰系统可以引导船舶完成既定的避让行动,并能使船舶在安全会遇距离上驶过;该系统可以适应航行环境的变化,且具备航迹保持能力。  相似文献   

动态接力点模式下双自动化轨道吊协调调度     

邱亚  梁承姬  张悦 《上海海事大学学报》2020,41(3):53-59

为提高自动化集装箱码头堆场中自动化轨道吊(automated stacking crane,ASC)的作业效率,研究箱区动态接力点对双ASC作业效率的影响。考虑双ASC作业过程中的安全距离、相互冲突等因素,建立以最小化双ASC最长完工时间为目标的混合整数规划模型,利用遗传算法对该模型进行求解。与固定贝位接力模式进行对比,结果表明,相较于固定贝位接力模式,动态接力点模式下双ASC的作业效率更高。在不同规模算例背景下,将遗传算法与CPLEX的计算结果进行对比,验证了遗传算法的有效性。  相似文献   

中美环境监督管理体制比较研究及启示     

张才谦 《重庆电子工程职业学院学报》2020,(1):20-23

随着我国社会经济发展,环境保护问题得到社会各界的重视,我国逐渐建立起环境监督与管理体制。美国是发达国家的典型代表,已经建立起相对完善的环境保护法体系和环境监督管理体制,值得我国学习与借鉴。文章通过分析中美环境监督管理体制的特点,比较中美两国环境监督管理机构的职责、独立性、资源配置,以及两国民众环境保护意识的差异,提出了完善我国环境监督管理体制的建议。  相似文献   

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a Novel Display Case Design: Case Study of the Renovated Anne Frank House     

Karin Kompatscher  Bart Ankersmit  Edgar Neuhaus  Marcel A.P. van Aarle  Jos W.M. van Schijndel  Henk L. Schellen 《文物保护研究》2020,65(5):262-284

ABSTRACT

Many museums are housed in historic buildings, sometimes the building itself is part of the museum collection. Creating a stable environment by providing a nearly constant temperature and relative humidity at correct levels decreases the risk of object degradation. Maintaining this steady indoor environment, however, increases energy consumption and risks to the historic building. Museum display cases offer a solution to the mitigation of risks to which valuable objects may be subjected by providing an extra layer of protection to indoor climate fluctuations. The Anne Frank House is a historic house museum located in Amsterdam. The museum has undergone several renovations in the last years to deal with an increase in the number of visitors to over 1.2 million a year. The original diaries and other documents of Anne Frank are permanently on display in the Anne Frank House. With the recent refurbishment the possibility arose to design a new state-of-the-art display case. This study presents the results of the experimental research related to the design, performed in-situ. The temperature and relative humidity in the new exhibition space and inside the new display cases were monitored to gain insight into the hygrothermal behavior of these controlled environments. A complementary numerical study was performed to investigate effects of dynamic climate control of the exhibition gallery and climate conditions in the display case under various circumstances. Four main conclusions are presented in this paper. The investigated display case design is able to provide a stable relative humidity environment by means of silica gel, while using an active box-in-box climate control system to create stable temperature conditions. The inner case temperature depends on the temperature supplied by the display case air handling unit. Protocols must be in place in case of malfunction or failure of the climate control system of the display case. The air handling unit of the case needs to be shut off to create a passive environment for the objects on display until necessary actions are taken. Exhibition gallery set points can be less stringent when susceptible museum objects are on display in the display case. The environments are separated and provide an opportunity for energy saving set point strategies. The last conclusion drawn is that the numerical study provides valuable insight into imposing dynamic control of set points for temperature and relative humidity in the exhibition gallery and the effect on the display case environment.  相似文献   

Being bullied at school as a child,worse health as an adult? Evidence from China     

《International Journal of Educational Development》2021

This paper examines the long-run relationship between school bullying exposure and later adult health using a nationally representative household survey data from China. Our results show that victims are more likely to have low self-reported health, chronic diseases, physical functional limitations, and mental health problems even after several decades. The negative health consequences are more concentrated on the disadvantaged who come from low-income households or lack family support. The main findings are also consistent with qualitative evidence of our online survey.  相似文献   

基于语料库的动态词群建构     

冯文贺 《河南科技学院学报》2014,(9):47-50

提出一个以大规模语料库为资源提取材料,以词汇集为语义成分表达方式的动态词群建构方法,其维度特征值的提取不但具有客观性,而且操作简易。维度特征值用词汇集的方式表示特征取值范围,可以避免传统的义素概括性过强、词汇个性表现不足的缺陷。这种方法有利于面向应用的大规模动态词群的建构。  相似文献