不同负荷运动训练对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体三羧酸循环的影响及其机制研究     

李洁  杨静  赵丽丽 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(5):88-94

目的：探讨不同负荷运动训练对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体三羧酸循环的影响及其机制。方法：将雄性Wistar大鼠50只随机均分为5组：安静对照组（C）、低负荷运动训练组（LT）、中等负荷运动训练组（MT）、高负荷运动训练组（HT）和极高负荷运动训练组（ST），每组10只。各运动组分别进行6周的跑台运动训练。训练方案结束后，取腓肠肌样本，提取线粒体，测定线粒体柠檬酸合成酶（CS）、异柠檬酸脱氢酶（ICD）和α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶（α-KGDHC）活性；线粒体Ga²⁺含量、胞浆NADH、NAD⁺、ATP和ADP含量，以及ICD mRNA转录水平。结果：（1）不同负荷运动训练组线粒体CS、ICD和α-KGDHC的活性均显著高于安静对照组（P < 0.01），且CS和ICD活性由高到低顺序均为：MT组 > HT组 > ST组 > LT组 > C组，α-KGDHC活性由高到低顺序为：HT组 > MT组 > ST组 > LT组 > C组。（2）不同负荷运动训练组线粒体Ca²⁺ 含量均显著高于安静对照组（P < 0.01），其含量由高到低顺序为：MT组 > HT组 > ST组 > LT组 > C组；胞浆NADH/NAD⁺和ATP/ADP的比值均显著低于安静对照组（P < 0.01），其比值由低到高顺序为：MT组 < ST组 < HT组 < LT组 < C组。（3）不同负荷运动训练组ICD mRNA转录水平均高于安静对照组（P < 0.01），其水平由高到低顺序为： MT组 > HT组 > ST组 > LT组 > C组。结论：低负荷、中等负荷、高负荷及极高负荷运动训练均可提高大鼠骨骼肌线粒体三羧酸循环功能，且中等负荷运动训练效果最佳。其机制与胞浆NADH/NAD⁺和ATP/ADP比值、线粒体摄钙能力及限速酶基因的表达有关。  相似文献   

Combined effects of exposure to hypoxia and cool on walking economy and muscle oxygenation profiles at tibialis anterior     

Masahiro Horiuchi  Yoko Handa-Kirihara  Daijiro Abe  Yoshiyuki Fukuoka 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(14):1638-1647

We investigated combined effects of ambient temperature (23°C or 13°C) and fraction of inspired oxygen (21%O₂ or 13%O₂) on energy cost of walking (C_w: J·kg^?1·km^?1) and economical speed (ES). Eighteen healthy young adults (11 males, seven females) walked at seven speeds from 0.67 to 1.67 m s^?1 (four min per stage). Environmental conditions were set; thermoneutral (N: 23°C) with normoxia (N: 21%O₂) = NN; 23°C (N) with hypoxia (H: 13%O₂) = NH; cool (C: 13°C) with 21%O₂ (N) = CN, and 13°C (C) with 13%O₂ (H) = CH. Muscle deoxygenation (HHb) and tissue O₂ saturation (StO₂) were measured at tibialis anterior. We found a significantly slower ES in NH (1.289 ± 0.091 m s^?1) and CH (1.275 ± 0.099 m s^?1) than in NN (1.334 ± 0.112 m s^?1) and CN (1.332 ± 0.104 m s^?1). Changes in HHb and StO₂ were related to the ES. These results suggested that the combined effects (exposure to hypoxia and cool) is nearly equal to exposure to hypoxia and cool individually. Specifically, acute moderate hypoxia slowed the ES by approx. 4%, but acute cool environment did not affect the ES. Further, HHb and StO₂ may partly account for an individual ES.  相似文献   

Differences in determinants of aerobic and muscle strengthening physical activity among college students: a reasoned action approach     

Paul Branscum  Grace Fairchild 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(1):90-99

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A multi-nation examination of the fatigue and recovery time course during the inaugural Under-18 Six Nations rugby union competition     

Carlos Ramírez-López  Kevin Till  Thomas Sawczuk  Pierosario Giuliano  Alexis Peeters  Grant Beasley 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(6):644-651

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Reference power values for the jump squat exercise in elite athletes: A multicenter study     

Pedro L. Valenzuela  Michael McGuigan  Guillermo Sánchez-Martínez  Elaia Torrontegi  Javier Vázquez-Carrión  Zigor Montalvo 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(19):2273-2278

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to provide reference values for lower-limb muscle power assessed during the incremental jump squat (JS) test in elite athletes (i.e., professional athletes competing at international level). We pooled data from all JS tests performed by elite athletes of different sports in two high-performance centres between 2015 and 2019, and computed reference values (i.e., terciles) for mean power (MP), mean propulsive power (MPP), and peak power (PP). Reference values were obtained from 684 elite athletes (458 male and 226 female) of 16 different sports (boxing, judo, karate, fencing, taekwondo, wrestling, basketball, soccer, futsal, handball, rugby union, badminton, tennis, long distance running, triathlon, and sprinting). Significant differences (p < 0.001) were found between male and female athletes for MP (7.47 ± 1.93 and 6.15 ± 1.68 W·Kg^?1, respectively), MPP (10.50 ± 2.75 and 8.63 ± 2.43 W·Kg^?1), and PP (23.64 ± 6.12 and 19.35 ± 5.49 W·Kg^?1). However, the velocity at which these power measures was attained seemed to be independent of sex (~0.95, 1.00 and 2.00 m·s^?1 for mean, mean propulsive, and peak velocity, respectively) and homogeneous across different sport disciplines (coefficient of variation <10%). These data can be used to classify athletes’ power capabilities, and the optimum velocity ranges provided here could be useful for training purposes.  相似文献   

运动因子在心血管功能中的调控作用及相关机制研究进展     

于凤至  孙朋  刘淑卉 《中国体育科技》2020,(5):48-58

心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)是包括动脉粥样硬化、心力衰竭、心脏缺血后再灌注损伤和心肌梗死等血管和心脏的复杂病症。血管内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和心肌细胞生理功能障碍是诱发CVD的关键因素。研究表明,运动能够对心脏和动脉的形态、功能起到积极的调控作用,可作为CVD非药物疗法的重要手段之一。运动可通过调控多种运动因子的表达水平,如肌肉分泌的Fstl1、Irisin和MSTN,脂肪分泌的Omentin、Apelin、CTRP3和CTRP9,肝脏分泌的FGF21、ANGPTL3和ANGPTL4等,进而调控血管内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和心肌细胞的分化、增殖和凋亡,从而发挥其防治CVD作用。本文试图梳理肌肉、脂肪和肝脏分泌的运动因子与调控心脏和动脉功能之间的相关信号通路及其机制,为运动干预防治CVD提供新的思路。  相似文献   

蛇骨骼肌纤维型及运动终板的研究：4—Di—2—ASP荧光染色及计算机图像分析     

何加Gan  高健 《科技通报》1997,13(4):253-257

用４－Ｄｉ－２－ＡＳＰ活性荧光染料染蛇腹横肌，清晰地显示三种肌纤维型及其运动终板，用ＨＰＳｃａｎＪｅｔ扫描仪对上述彩照进行高分辨扫描，得到良好的计算机数字图像，借助对相应参数的精确测定与分析，实现对形态学的直观定量表达  相似文献   

Poly A RNA status and expression of milli (m) and micro (μ) calpains in skeletal muscle of duchenne muscular dystrophy patients     

Harleen Mangat  Tajamul Hussain  C Sundaram  MP JS Anandaraj 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2002,17(2):74-79

Poly A RNA status and itsin vitro translation in a rabbit reticulolysate cell free system, were assessed in the skeletal muscle of young boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Compared to normals there is a significant 48% increase in poly A RNA content of dystrophic muscle and its translatability was increased by 56% based on³⁵S methionine incorporation into total protein systhesised. Immunoprecipitation of the translated products with monospecific antibodies showed that there is a 2.6 fold and a 2 fold increase in m and μ calpains respectively. This underlines the importance of both synthetic and degenerative activities in the early pathology in DMD muscle.  相似文献   

浅析如何提高我国短跑运动员途中跑的能力     

薛红 《大连大学学报》2003,24(6):66-68,71

途中跑技术在田径短距离跑项目中是最重要的一个技术环节,对短跑成绩起决定作用. 目前,我国短跑运动停滞不前,关键一环是运动员途中跑的能力没有得到有效的提高.通过和世界优秀运动员的比较,从运动技术、运动能力、能量供应等不同角度,分析影响我国短跑运动员途中跑能力的问题所在,提出解决的有效途径,供大家在以后的教学训练中参考.  相似文献   

不同时程下[Ca2+]i介导骨骼肌微细损伤与修复的机制及针刺的干预作用     

刘阳  王瑞元  康红哲 《北京体育大学学报》2015,38(2):54-60

目的:观察离心运动介导骨骼肌微损伤与修复过程,肌细胞不同微区钙离子浓度变化所起的作用,以及肌浆网钙释放通道兰尼定受体(RyR)的调控信号。方法:114只雄性SD大鼠,分为离心运动(E组,36只)、离心运动+针刺(EA组,36只)、单纯针刺(A组,36只)和安静对照(C组,6只)。E、EA和A组在运动后即刻、6、12、24、48、72 h取材,电镜观察结构,能谱分析Z线和H区钙元素,WB观察磷酸二酯酶-4-D3(PDE4D3)和FK506绑定蛋白12(FKBP12)表达。结果:E与EA组Z线附近的钙离子浓度在运动后即刻和恢复期的12~72 h呈2次上升趋势,其中EA组第2次上升更早且明显。1次离心运动不能破坏RyR的稳定性。结论:运动后即刻的[Ca2+]i升高介导导了损伤,而运动后12~72 h内的第2次[Ca2+]i升高与组织修复有关,此升高非RyR不稳产生"钙漏"而导致的破坏性"钙超载"。研究价值:本研究发现离心运动过后72 h内不同时间段内,钙离子升高具有截然不同的效应,为肌肉损伤和恢复的钙机制研究提供新的方向。  相似文献