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基于PVAR模型的R＆D投入与产出关系的实证研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用我国30个省市1998--2009年的面板数据,建立PVAR模型,使用方差分解和脉冲响应函数等分析方法,研究科研机构、企业和高校R＆D经费投入以及研发人力投入对研发产出的长期和短期影响。实证结果表明：在三类研发经费投入中,企业研发对产出的贡献率最大;研发人员的研发产出效率并不理想;不仅研发投入各因素对研发产出有影响,而且研发产出对各个投入因素也有影响;前期专利授权数对当期专利产出具有同向作用;科研机构、企业和高校研发经费投入以及研发人员投入的滞后一、二期,都对当期自身投入有同向作用;科研机构和企业研发经费投入变动对研发人员投入具有同向作用。 相似文献
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国外对公共科研机构经费资助的经验及启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
调整和改革对公共研究机构的经费资助政策是发达国家对公共科研体系和科研机构改革的重要内容之一，本文主要介绍了OECD国家公共科研机构的经费资助模式、改革趋势，并对其改革经验和相关问题进行了总结和分析，同时针对我国公共科研机构的投入和经费管理提出了几点启示和借鉴意见。 相似文献
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从微观主体科研机构研发投入现状的角度,以协同学为基础,利用复合系统整体协调度模型,研究测算了我国1992—2006年间科研机构研发投入与经济发展之间的协调度,结果表明,我国科研机构研发投入与经济的协调性在所对比的国家中较高,且呈现逐年提高的态势,但这种提高主要依靠研发经费的增长,而科学家、工程师的投入数量却显不足。主要发达国家的科研机构研发经费投入呈先增长后下降态势。 相似文献
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刘云 《科学对社会的影响》2014,4(3)
正焦点:改革以竞争性资助为主导的科研经费配置方式,逐步减少或合并竞争性科技计划,加大对国立科研机构和大学重要研究基地的稳定支持,应该是下一轮科技经费管理改革的重点。中央财政科技投入是我国研发经费的重要来源,是国家基础前沿研究、战略高技术研究、社会公益研究和重大共性关键技术研究的重要保障。合理、有效地配置和利用好中央财政科研经费对于提高国家创新体系的效率和效益至关重要。 相似文献
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对政府推进自主创新战略的一个评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从2006年开始,中国政府通过诸如增加研发投入或者给企业直接研发补贴等多种干预方式激励自主创新。分别从研发经费的支出强度、研发经费的投向结构、政府对企业研发投入的效益分析等不同角度,评价政府干预技术创新的效果,分析中国政府在推进自主创新过程中的作用。研究结论表明,国家的确加强了对科技的投入,企业研发经费占整个研发经费的比例也得到提高,国家对企业的研发补贴的确有助于企业研发经费的投入。同时还存在一些结构性问题,基础研究的经费仍然处于非常低的水平,研发经费的增长速度还有进一步提升的空间。 相似文献
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文章以德国为例,从该国研发体系与经费投入、国家骨干非营利科研机构、技术服务体系等方面论述了德国国家创新体系建设概况,并提出了对我国建设国家科技创新体系的若干启示。 相似文献
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基于投入—产出的视角,将政府科技资助对象按照创新主体分为企业、高校和科研机构,运用面板数据实证研究了不同政府科技资助与区域RD产出的弹性关系,侧重于对不同创新主体资助绩效的研究,并研究了不同政府支持强度下弹性系数的变动。研究结果表明,政府对企业、高校、科研机构的科技资助都与区域RD产出有正相关关系,但是不同创新主体的弹性系数存在显著差异。此外,随着政府支持强度的下降,政府对科研机构、高校、企业的科技资助与区域RD产出的弹性系数依次变小、变大以及基本不变。这一研究为政府科技经费在创新主体之间合理分配,有效促进区域RD产出提供了重要参考与建议。 相似文献
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本文利用2013年有关北京市中小型民营科技企业的调查问卷数据,通过建立Ordered Probit模型和零膨胀负二项回归模型分别研究了政府资助水平对企业研发投入及研发效率的影响。结果表明,政府资助水平能够显著提高企业的研发投入,但对企业的研发效率无显著影响。此外,企业的研发实力对企业的研发投入也有较大影响,而企业获取资助的成本、企业规模及企业的行业属性对企业的研发效率具有显著影响。 相似文献
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选取2000-2017年获得国家高新技术企业认定的1470家企业面板数据,建立多元回归分析模型,研究研发投入、技术积累与高新技术企业市场绩效之间的关系机理,以及该效应在企业是否在高新区内注册、是否公开上市上存在的差异。结果表明:研发投入对高新技术企业市场绩效有显著正向影响,企业内部研发投入相比较财政研发投入能产生更好的市场绩效。高新区内注册的高新技术企业由于拥有独特制度优势,导致研发投入向市场绩效的转化效率更高,但财政经费资助的影响效应相比高新区外的影响较弱。拥有上市融资资格的高新技术企业由于受到融资约束较少,使得研发投入对创新绩效的正向影响效果相比未上市而言更加显著。本文的研究结论可为现阶段高新技术企业政策创新提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献