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传统理论认为,青藏高原极端的气候环境造就了区域生态系统敏感性、脆弱性的潜质,使之成为世界性的生态系统管理、维系与修复的难题。20世纪70年代,中国科学院西北高原生物研究所建立了海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站。长期生态系统构件监测研究揭示了青藏高原高寒草地对气候变化响应的生物学机制;探明了放牧干扰下高寒草地退化的演替过程;明晰了高寒草地稳定性维持的生物学机制;提出了基于生态过程学的高寒草地适应性管理模式;开启了高寒草地生态水文学过程探索。该定位站引领了高寒草地应用生态学理论基础研究,为区域的可持续发展提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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层次分析法在江河源区高寒草地退化研究中的应用 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
以江河源区退化高寒草甸为对象,利用层次分析法,探讨了高寒草地的退化原因和恢复治理措施的有效性.结果表明:长期超载过牧和暖干化气候是导致高寒草甸退化的主导因子,贡献率为65.99%;伴随草地初始退化出现的鼠虫和毒杂草泛滥危害是加速高寒草甸退化的重要因子,贡献率为15.03%;人类不合理干扰造成的高寒草甸退化也不应忽视,贡献率为9.64%.各个恢复治理措施组合权重的分配格局相对均衡,其中围栏封育和划区轮牧(E2)与控制放牧强度(E1),效益较好,组合权重达0.3007.层次分析法可为草原管理,防止草地退化、恢复治理退化草地、优化利用草地资源提供定量依据. 相似文献
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青藏高原高寒草甸,分布广,面积大,类型多,为发展现代化畜牧业提供了雄厚的物质基础和良好的空间条件。但随着牲畜数量的迅速增长,草甸负荷越来越重,因过度放牧和鼠类危害而造成的草甸退化,是影响畜牧业持续、稳定发展的严重问题。 关于放牧对草原植物群落的影响,国内外草原工作者已做过许多研究;鼠类对草原植被的影响,也有不少动植物学者开展过工作。但,有关高寒草甸放牧退化演 相似文献
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本项目以青海省高寒草地(高寒草甸、高寒草原)为研究对象,针对高寒草地健康定量评价及生产—生态功能提升的科学问题及技术需求,统筹考虑草地生态系统的特殊性和生态—生产—生活承载力,从人—草—畜—环境的综合系统出发,以草地生态保护为前提,以发展草地生态畜牧业为抓手,结合全国生态文明先行区、全国草地生态畜牧业示范区、三江源区二期工程建设以及三江源国家公园体制试点方案,开展了高寒草地健康评价及生产—生态功能衰退与结构失调的整合提升研究。通过机制揭示—技术研发—示范应用的全链条设计和一体化实施,在实验点、示范区和区域3个层面上结合高寒草地健康评价与退化草地治理工程,可视化诊断了高寒草地健康状态,定量分析了高寒草地退化成因及因子贡献率,揭示了退化演替的生态过程及其特征,阐明了退化高寒草地生态恢复的生理生态学及繁殖生态学机理,驯化选育出适宜高寒草地恢复治理的牧草新品种,研发出不同类型退化草地生态—生产功能提升技术、高寒人工草地生产—生态群落稳定性调控技术,创建了人工草地分类经营与管理技术模式,对退化草地修复治理进行信息化管理,量化了不同恢复措施的生产、生态效益,系统开展了技术体系的示范与推广,兼顾基础理论探析、健康诊断评价、信息技术管理、关键技术突破及创新模式集成,形成适宜该地区的生产—生态功能提升技术体系,为高寒草地生态系统管理和生态畜牧业产业经济发展提供科学依据、技术支撑和示范样板。 相似文献
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青藏高原高寒草甸资源的可持续利用 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
在分析青藏高原高寒草甸资源特点的基础上,从自然和人为因素两方面探讨了高寒草甸资源可持续利用中存在问题———草畜矛盾和草地退化;最后,针对问题提出了天然草场的合理利用、人工和半人工草场的建立、草场的用养结合、合理处理畜牧业与其它各业的关系,和加强人才建设等对策。 相似文献
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中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 《中国科学院院刊》2018,33(10):1127-1129
正中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站(以下简称为"海北站"),始建于1976年,地处青藏高原东北隅祁连山区门源县境内。1978年,该站成为中国科学院院属台站,2000年成为国家科技部野外观测试点站,2002年加入中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究网络(ChinaFLUX),2006年成为国家科技部野外观测研究站,2013年加入中国荒漠-草地生态系统观测研究野外站联盟和高寒网。海北站代表了青藏高原高寒、缺氧、强 相似文献
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《科技成果管理与研究》2013,(6):92-92,F0003
编者按：三江源是长江、黄河和澜沧江发源地,被誉为“中华水塔”。同时这一地区也是我国重要的畜牧业基地,由于受自然和人为因素的共同作用,三江源区草地近年呈现全面退化趋势。由中国科学院西北高原生物研究所和青海畜牧兽医科学院共同完成的“三江源区退化草地恢复与生态畜牧业发展技术及应用”项目针对青藏高原生态安全的重大国家战略需求,研究草地退化成因和形成机理,揭示高寒草甸退化生态过程, 相似文献
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《西藏科技》2020,(3)
草是畜牧业发展之根本,草的发展取决于一个地方畜牧业发展的质量效益,没有草的发展就无从谈起当地畜牧业的转型升级、提质增效等问题。藏北高原是我国重要的生态安全屏障,也是西藏高原特色畜牧业基地,而高寒草地退化严重制约着其生态和生产功能,对生态保护建设和畜牧业发展带来了巨大的新挑战。那曲草原站积极探索生态保护建设与畜牧业可持续发展的新路子,提出藏北高原在保护中发展、发展中保护,发展人工种草可有效解决草原生态保护利用和建设的重要措施之一,藏北高原发展适宜区域人工种草,是保护和建设发展藏北高原草原生态文明的具体体现,发展适宜区域化人工草地建设,使荒地及闲置地得以充分利用和改良,生产更多适宜优质高产饲草料,缓解藏北高原天然草地放牧压力,夯实畜牧业基础,储备冬春防抗灾饲草料奠定基础,提高高寒草地生态功能,促进传统畜牧业转型升级,因此,生态保护建设与畜牧业协同发展是藏北高原的必然选择和必由之路。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献