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改善能源生态效率是实现“十三五”节能降耗和生态文明建设的现实选择,本文考虑生态和社会福利因素,以2000—2016年省际面板数据样本为基础,利用SBM-DEA模型计算和分析了中国区域能源生态效率,并运用固定效应模型从财政分权、经济竞争的内生经济增长和制度层面探究其影响机制。研究发现,近17年来中国中西部地区能源生态效率水平较东部地区差,其中中部地区呈现持续恶化趋势。财政分权显著改善了能源生态效率,而地方政府间经济竞争降低了能源生态效率。地区虚拟变量揭示经济竞争使东部和中部地区能源生态效率显著下降,但有助于西部地区提高能源生态效率。基于反事实分析,如果能够遏制经济竞争加剧,能源生态效率年均能够获得1.38%额外改善。最后,本文提出从改革财政激励制度,强化审计监督问责,因地制宜调整产业结构等政策建议,鼓励地方政府形成经济竞争与合作,以期提升中国能源生态效率。 相似文献
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《软科学》2022,(1):91-97
运用DEA交叉评价模型、水资源约束模型以及加权GLS回归方法,考察了中国三大流域生态效率的非均衡分布及差异性,分别选取黄河、长江以及珠江三大流域22个省市为研究对象,对各流域2008-2018年生态效率及其水资源约束强度和影响因素进行了对比分析,结果显示：(1)整体而言,三大流域生态效率处于中低水平。(2)三大流域的生态效率水平差异性明显,由高到低依次为珠江、长江、黄河;且经济与生态之间的相互作用不同,黄河流域的经济增长仍在以牺牲一定的生态环境为代价,而珠江流域的经济增长可促进环境改善。(3)水资源供给限制会促进黄河和长江流域生态效率的增长,但对珠江流域生态效率的增长具有明显的抑制作用。能源结构和流域治理能力对三大流域生态效率的提升均具有显著影响。另外,影响黄河生态效率的主要因素还有产业结构;经济发展水平和外资利用程度的提高对长江生态效率的促进作用较大。据此提出应改善能源结构、合理规划水利设施建设及调配水资源供给限制等措施,以促进各流域生态效率提升。 相似文献
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加快绿色转型已成为长江经济带实现经济发展量质齐升的关键锚点。本文运用超效率SBM模型、探索性空间数据分析（ESDA）和时空地理加权回归模型（GTWR）,深入探讨长江经济带108座城市2011—2020年能源生态效率演化特征、空间纹理和时空非平稳性。研究表明：①长江经济带能源生态效率发展趋势整体向好,先后经历“振荡期”与“提升期”两个阶段,并呈现自下游到上游再到中游依次递减的“梯度发展”特征;②研究区能源生态效率具有显著的空间非均衡特征,存在明显的高低分区,高值区主要沿江分布,低值区由西部向中部地区“扩散”;③研究区能源生态效率空间关联性明显,集聚效应从研究期初的H-H和L-L集聚向H-H和L-H集聚转变;④GTWR检验结果表明,政府干预在研究初期表现为促进,后期抑制能源生态效率提高;对外开放程度和科技投入对能源生态效率的驱动效果较好;产业结构和能源消费结构的抑制作用较严重;城镇化水平和环境规制主要表现为正向促进。提升长江经济带能源生态效率,应针上中下游地区特点分级分类施策,注重发挥不同驱动因子的作用特点,构建绿色可持续的发展体系。 相似文献
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环境污染和生态破坏属于市场失灵的一部分,需要政府采用环境规制工具对市场经济进行调整,但环境规制对环境污染和地区经济的影响又会受到自然条件的限制。为了剔除该限制,检验环境规制的有效性,本文以京津冀13个城市面板数据为例,通过构建包含生态环境状况和经济水平的区域生态效率体系,分析环境规制对区域生态效率的影响。研究表明：①与节能环保财政支出相比,环境不良企业监测对京津冀地区的区域生态效率起到显著正向促进作用,说明环境规制对区域生态效率的改善程度依赖于规制工具的选择,并且惩罚型环境规制工具对于京津冀地区的区域生态效率提升更为明显;②环境不良企业监测存在门限效应,随着其强度的增加,对京津冀地区区域生态效率的改善逐渐提升;并且伴随其强度的增加,也会引起节能环保财政支出对区域生态效率的负面影响逐渐降低。基于此,在污染较为严重的经济发达地区,采用严格的惩罚型环境规制工具,能够快速有效地提升该地区的生态环境状况,但在区域生态环境改善趋势明显时,应采取激励型为主、惩罚型为辅的环境规制工具运用策略,从而有效地兼顾地区经济增长与生态效率改善,实现区域生态环境与经济协调发展。 相似文献
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利用超效率DEA模型对2010—2017年浙江省11个地市的生态效率进行了测算,结果显示:浙江省整体上生态效率表现较好,但存在明显的区域差异,浙东北地区平均值高于浙西南地区。2010—2017年间各地市之间的生态效率差距呈扩大趋势,存在σ发散特征。进一步使用Tobit模型对浙江省生态效率影响因素进行研究,发现金融聚集程度、科技创新水平对生态效率产生显著正向影响,城镇化水平与生态效率存在明显的U型关系。为提高区域生态效率,应提升区域金融聚集度,加强绿色技术创新能力,加速产业升级,推进新型城镇化发展。 相似文献
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提升城市生态效率是长江经济带高质量发展的重要内容。本文运用MinDS模型测算了长江经济带城市生态效率,采用Dagum基尼系数、Kernel密度估计、Markov链分析等方法考察其空间格局及演进趋势,并借助分位数回归检验了关键影响因素。研究发现：①下游城市生态效率水平明显高于上、中游地区;②城市生态效率的总体差异较大但呈缩小趋势,下游城市生态效率的区域内差异始终最大,上游与下游的区域间差异最大。随着生态效率水平的提高,技术创新、公众环保意识等因素的影响系数逐渐下降,是总体及区域内差异缩小的重要原因;各地区影响因素及其作用大小和方向不尽相同,为城市生态效率的区域间差异提供了一定解释;③技术创新、经济发展水平等因素对低水平、高水平城市生态效率的影响强度相对较大,助推下游、上游地区分别呈现两极分化、多极分化趋势。经济发展水平、资源禀赋、产业结构等因素对低、中、高水平城市生态效率的正向影响系数均较小,城市生态效率发生转移的趋势并不明显,从而导致总体及各地区均存在“俱乐部趋同”和“马太效应”。本文采用至强有效前沿面最小距离模型对测度城市生态效率水平,有效避免传统DEA模型的缺陷,在对其总体空间差异识别的基础上进一步分解差异来源,并预测其长期转移趋势,由此深化了对长江经济带生态效率时空演进规律的认识和理解,对于协同推进长江经济带城市绿色发展具有一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
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探究不同技术水平下工业生态效率地区差异及影响因素,是实现协同建设工业生态文明的基本前提。本文在考虑地区技术异质性的基础上,基于共同前沿理论,运用非期望产出SBM模型,测度2008—2018年中国30个省（市、区）工业生态效率和区域间技术差距,并从无效率根源和外部环境两个维度检验了工业生态效率损失根源和外部影响因素。结果发现：①共同前沿下的中国工业生态效率整体呈上升趋势,年均值由2008年的0.589上升至2018年的0.603,依然存在一定的改善空间。②中国地区工业技术水平存在显著差异,总体表现为内陆经济区明显低于沿海经济区,其中5个内陆经济区与全国最优技术水平存在30.0%以上的技术差距。③无效率分解发现,南部沿海和北部沿海区为高管理无效低技术无效型,其余经济区及全国为低管理无效高技术无效型;30个省（市、区）无效率类型各异,但主要由技术无效率所致。④经济水平、环境规制、产业集聚对全国工业生态效率提升有促进作用,而能源结构、外商投资有抑制作用;环境因素对八大经济区的影响方向和程度明显不同,其中北部沿海区“波特假说”成立、长江中游和西南区“污染天堂假说”成立。本文可为探寻工业生态效率提升路径提供新视角,为协同建设工业生态文明提供经验参考。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献