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背越式跳高起跳技术主要由起跳腿的蹬伸技术与摆动腿的摆动技术所组成。目前,大多数人们集中于跳高起跳的"蹬伸"技术研究,对起跳阶段的"摆动"技术研究相对较少。文章运用现场技术录像和运动图像解析的方法,对我国优秀男子跳高运动员在起跳阶段摆动技术进行解析研究,结果表明:我国优秀男子跳高运动员起跳前摆动腿最大缓冲幅度比较大;在起跳阶段摆动腿蹬离瞬间,摆动腿膝关节角度变化较小。背越式跳高起跳过程中的摆动腿缓冲阶段,身体重心的高度、摆动腿膝角的变化情况与助跑水平速度的损失有显著性相关。助跑最后一步摆动腿的伸膝角度、伸膝速度与起跳腿着地时摆动腿的摆动速度、摆动腿离地后的最大摆动速度都有高度的相关性。 相似文献
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《体育科技文献通报》2003,(2)
G823.114.6 20030867张李文跳高技术的运动学分析=Kinematicsanalysis of Zhang Li Wen's High jumptechnique[刊,中,I]/宋跃先,袁磊//四川体育科学.-2002(4).-21,29表1参3(TY)跳高//女子//技术//力学分析//运动学 运用运动生物力学研究方法,对张李文与女子跳高世界纪录保持者科斯塔迪若娃的跳高技术进行对比分析时以现:张李文起跳后身体重心腾起的高度优于对方,达到世界先进水平,但她起跳离地时身体重心太低,其原因是起跳腿蹬伸不充分且蹬伸速度不快以及摆动腿摆动幅度小,摆速偏慢。另外,过竿技术存在着缺陷,这些是导致与科斯塔迪若娃成绩差距的主要因素。G823.114.86 20030868 相似文献
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跳高起跳动作的任务是使运动员获得适宜的身体重心腾起角,并获得最大的腾起初速度,以便使运动员能够获得最高的身体重心腾起高度,并为旋转过杆提供力的来源。背越式跳高起跳的动力,是由起跳腿的蹬伸以及摆动腿的摆动效应共同构成的。正确认识和掌握背越式跳高的起跳技术,是有效完成背越式跳高最基本也是最重要的保证。 相似文献
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张萍 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(6):49-50
本文以广州体育学院田径队5名男子运动员为研究对象,进行20周的核心力量训练,通过三维摄影对实验前后跳高运动员在助跑最后一步和起跳阶段摆动腿的支撑与摆动技术的运动学特征进行分析发现：起跳腿着地时摆动腿摆动的角速度、起跳蹬伸阶段摆动腿最大角速度及身体重心水平速度增加值等差异显著。 相似文献
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根据背越式跳高起跳动作技术结构和肌肉用力特点，设计俯角斜板背越式跳高起跳专门练习手段，其目的是有效改进摆动腿“扒、蹬、送、摆”技术以及快速起跳时摆动腿有效与起跳时起跳腿快速出腿技术和快速有力支撑蹬伸能力。 相似文献
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金铃跳高技术的运动学分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
分析金铃跳高技术的若干运动学参数,并与世界纪录保持者科斯塔迪诺娃比较,发现金铃技术上的不足表现为起跳离地时身体重心太低,其原因是支撑阶段缓冲不够、蹬伸不充分且蹬伸速度不快。 相似文献
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论背越式跳高的几个技术标准刘岩，付梅青（北方工业大学）１起跳起跳是决定高效果的关键部分①蹬伸、摆扣和转体时身体重心位置：由于身体从倾斜变为直立，在起足腿蹬伸的瞬间，身体重心将处在与起跳腿垂直位置或稍偏向于摆动腿一侧。②起跳腿的动作状态：为了获得一个强... 相似文献
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以参加2001年全国少年田径锦标赛(16～17岁组)和全国体育运动学校锦标赛(16～17岁)跳高比赛的男女运动员共44人为研究对象,采用问卷调查法、三维摄像和解析方法、数理统计法及评价理论,分析了我国跳高项目后备人才的技术水平现状和存在问题。结果认为:少年运动员与世界优秀运动员在跳高成绩的三个高度构成上基本一致;少年运动员起跳时起跳腿蹬伸不充分、离地瞬间躯干过早倒向横杆,以及少年女子运动员在起跳腿蹬伸阶段的摆动不够积极等是影响少年运动员起跳离地瞬间的身体重心高度值(H1)的主要原因;影响女子少年运动员不能获得较大的腾起高度的原因包括起跳过程中的起跳腿膝关节缓冲幅度和缓冲时间、起跳腿蹬伸时的摆动腿摆动幅度以及身体重心水平速度与横杆之间的夹角等。 相似文献
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一、现代背越式跳高起跳技术特征
背越式跳高起跳是从助跑最后一步摆动腿垂直支撑开始到起跳腿蹬离地面结束,经历了两次支撑、两次摆动和一次短暂腾空的“两步”中完成的,是两条腿共同参与完成的“双动力”起跳。助跑最后一步摆动腿支撑蹬伸阶段是起跳的开始和发动部分,是起跳的（原动力）第一动力源; 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献
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影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。 相似文献