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1.
本文以美国、日本和欧盟等世界主要国家或组织为研究对象,使用国际能源机构、世界银行、联合国、欧盟委员会以及中国国家统计局的相关能源消费、CO2以及SO2的排放数据,基于能源消费的视角,以火电行业为切入点,根据温室气体和SO2主要由能源消费产生的,且CO：为主要温室气体的特点,对能源消费与CO2和SO2的排放进行相关性分析,并对欧盟进行的CO2与SO2协同减排进行实证研究,对其所采取的减排措施或者在预设的减排情景下计算其减排量,分析协同减排的前景,为我国进一步有效地对温室气体和SO2的协同减排提供经验和借鉴。研究结果表明：根据美国、欧盟、日本和中国的能源消费与CO2排放的数据,计算得出能源消费与CO2排放以及SO2排放的相关系数分别为：0．9291、-0．2965、0．9357、0．9978;而根据中国能源消费与SO2排放数据,计算得出能源消费与SO2排放的相关系数为O．8738。表明能源消费与CO2和SO2排放高度线性相关,在进行CO：减排的同时可以协同对SO2进行减排。依据欧盟成员国首脑在2007年共同明确的减排目标,即到2020年至少实现减排温室气体20％的目标,计算得出2020年欧盟火力发电行业可在2007年的基础上减排4．92MtCO2,与此同时SO2可减排218．05kt。因此,根据欧盟等发达国家协同减排的经验,我国在温室气体与二氧化硫协同减排方面具有巨大潜力。 相似文献
2.
《资源科学》2017,(12)
为明确中国温室气体峰值排放变化及其对全球减排的促进关系,本文通过从行业终端出发的温室气体排放模型,利用联合国相关组织、世界银行、国际能源署等机构的数据,结合中国能源战略规划目标设置了由弱到强的三种减排政策支持力度,分析了当前至2060年的中国温室气体排放特征与达峰时间和累积排放量变化,以及中国对全球温室气体减排的贡献。主要结论有:(1)中国在应对气候变化的既有能源政策支持下,将于2030年达到温室气体排放峰值(144.28±7.48)亿t CO_2eq,2020—2060年累计排放量将比无减缓政策情景减少约2243.82亿t CO_2eq;(2)加快能源目标的实现有助于尽早达峰,如中国在2025年达成2030年能源规划目标,温室气体排放达峰时间将提前到2027年,其峰值(133.88±6.03)亿t CO_2eq,2020—2060年累计排放量较2030年达峰的情景减少约517.46亿t CO_2eq,尽早达峰可使排放总量显著下降;(3)在各国国家自主决定贡献(INDCs)承诺顺利实现的情况下,如果中国达峰时间从2030年提前至2027年,不太可能改变全球排放达峰的时间(2031年),但可使全球排放峰值从534.89亿t CO_2eq下降为523.54亿t CO_2eq左右,2031—2060年的全球排放量下降速率从4.26亿t CO_2eq/a提高到4.38亿t CO_2eq/a。 相似文献
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就GDP的CO2排放强度下降率、GDP能源强度下降率、能源消费的CO2排放因子下降率、非化石能源在能源品种构成中增长率等影响减缓CO2排放的因素间的相互关系进行了数学推导和计算,进而测算了我国从1990～2005年GDP能源强度下降的影响因素中,技术节能的贡献率约为56%,而结构节能的贡献率44%。2005～2020年情景分析方案中,对促进GDP的CO2强度下降的贡献因素中,技术节能约为43%,结构节能约为37%,而能源结构改善的贡献率也可达20%,可再生能源和先进核能技术的发展对未来减缓CO2排放将起越来越重要的作用。同时文中还分析了CO2排放实现零增长和负增长目标时各项相关指标需达到的条件。 相似文献
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目前广州市温室气体排放增量的主要来源已从能源活动逐步过渡到废弃物处理,其中90%以上来源于生活垃圾处理。广州市生活垃圾处理以填埋为主,填埋处理的温室气体排放量占垃圾处理温室气体排放总量的95%左右。以广州市常住人口、人均垃圾产生量、垃圾焚烧电厂日处理能力、甲烷回收率等参数设置3种情景,预测到2035年广州市生活垃圾处理量及其产生的温室气体排放量。预测结果发现:2035年前,广州市垃圾产生量不会出现增长拐点,垃圾处理能力缺口将于2033年前后出现;2019年,由于广州市新增垃圾焚烧厂投入运营,垃圾处理温室气体排放量出现增长拐点;到2035年,垃圾处理温室气体排放量在减排情景下将较政策情景下降低31%,在强化减排情景下较政策情景下降低48%;垃圾焚烧相对填埋方式具有更好的温室气体减排潜力。 相似文献
6.
《科学中国人》2022,(15):12-13
碳中和：可再生能源、碳汇、NETs和非CO2温室气体的重要作用中国科学院大气物理研究所组织了碳中和专刊,邀请了来自中国、美国、英国、法国等国家的多领域专家阐述了碳中和的国际背景、科学问题、技术需求和成果。相关成果发表于《大气科学进展》（Advancesin AtmosphericSciences）。相关文章涉及可再生能源在减少CO2排放中的重要作用、陆地碳汇在抵消人为CO2排放和实现碳中和目标中的作用、负排放技术、非CO2温室气体减排四个方面。我国碳中和目标要求清洁能源技术、社会政治和经济各项举措,都能够在未来几十年内,朝着正确的方向发展。在科技创新方面加强国际合作,有效研发、部署和应用新技术,对于建设一个安全、公平和更具弹性的全球未来至关重要。 相似文献
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温室气体减排对控制全球气候变暖具有重要意义。2014年我国农田非CO2温室气体(主要指CH4和N2O)排放占全国温室气体排放总量的4.3%,预计2030年我国实现碳达峰后,化石能源逐步被清洁能源替代,农田CH4和N2O排放占全国温室气体排放的比重也将随之增大,其减排的紧迫性和重要性将日渐凸显。然而,现有农田碳减排技术由于缺乏立法教育宣传和成果激励机制等,并未得到充分转化应用与推广示范,使得减排成果难以落地坐实,不利于我国农业碳减排目标的顺利实现。文章总结了我国农田CH4和N2O减排工作的研究进展,指出了当前我国农田CH4和N2O减排所面临的问题,并在今后长效监测平台运维、新方法技术突破、大众减排意识提升及成果推广示范加强4个方面提出了技术和政策上的建议。 相似文献
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广州是中国最富庶的城市之一,城镇化率达86%,生活垃圾处理所排放的温室气体已经成为城市重要的温室气体排放源。本文对广州市2010年至2018年城市温室气体排放清单进行了持续跟踪研究,发现温室气体排放增量的主要来源从能源活动逐步过渡到废弃物处理,占2018年温室气体排放增量的70%,而废弃物处理排放的90%以上来源于生活垃圾处理。研究表明：广州生活垃圾处理所产生的温室气体排放逐年上升,与2010-2018年排放量平均增速为5.16%,后期增速大于前期。人均生活垃圾处理量维持在0.7-1.1kg/人/天。生活垃圾处理方式以垃圾填埋为主。本文以城市常住人口、人均垃圾产生量、垃圾焚烧电厂的日处理能力、甲烷回收率几个参数设置了三个情景预测广州到2035年城市生活垃圾处理量及产生的温室气体排放。预测发现：2035年前广州市垃圾产生量不会出现增长拐点,垃圾处理能力缺口将于2033年前后出现。2019年垃圾排放量出现增长拐点,到2035年,减排情景下的垃圾排放将较政策情景降低31%,强化减排情景较政策情景降低48%。 相似文献
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人类活动致使土地利用方式改变、自然资源破坏,同时化石燃料的无节制燃烧,使得大气中CO2含量持续快速增加,由CO2的温室效应导致的全球变暖成为全球最严重的环境问题之一。2005年2月16日,旨在限制全球二氧化碳排放的《京都议定书》正式生效,标志着国际社会在温室气体排放方面一个新时代的来临。《京都议定书》认可通过增加森林碳汇来履行温室气体减排义务。因此,对现有森林生态系统的碳蓄积加以细致研究的重要性和迫切性愈益彰显。 相似文献
10.
结合中国能源经济发展的"自上而下"与"自下而上"的两种模式,一方面考虑"2020年减排40%~45%与非化石能源结构提高到15%"的上行目标,另一方面以能源需求的现行趋势为"下行"基础,采用环境压力模型对中国一次能源需求结构及其CO2排放的演变情景进行分析,结果表明:低碳情景中节能减排与能源结构优化目标的实现,一定程度上是以减缓经济增长率为代价的,GDP总量相对于BUS情景减少了8.26万亿元;一次能源消费与CO2排放总量在2020年以前仍将处于快速增长的阶段,2020年LCS情景能源需求总量为44.806亿吨标准煤,CO2排放量105.815亿吨;能源需求结构存在较大的情景差异,低碳情景中煤炭需求结构将缓慢下降,但绝对量仍逐年增长,2020年将达到37.6亿吨,而非化石能源将占比15.95%。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
15.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
16.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
17.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献