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论体育科学研究方法之嬗变趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
体育科学理论与实践的各种创新研究成功,关键是科学研究方法的应用。从体育科学研究方法论,科学研究方法随社会的快速发展,也发生了根本性的变化。由此需辨清与把握现代体育科学研究方法的嬗变趋势:由单一性方法向多样性方法嬗变;由单纯性方法向综合性方法嬗变;由纯文科方法或理科方法向融合性方法嬗变;由单学科方法向跨学科方法嬗变;由低层次方法向高层次方法嬗变;由局限性方法向系统性方法嬗变。 相似文献
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目的:将惯性陀螺方法和基于标志点虚拟陀螺(a Marker-Based Virtual Gyroscope简称MBVG)方法用于网球发球时上臂内转动动作的监测,并对监测结果同视频拍摄方法研究结果进行比较。方法:惯性陀螺方法利用上臂和胸部两个陀螺对网球发球中上臂的转动进行捕捉。MBVG方法根据Vicon光学动作捕捉系统来设置标志点,利用标志点轨迹建立一种基于向量的方法,并利用几何方法确定转动关系。结果:(1)惯性陀螺方法与视频拍摄方法的结果在规范化时间的0.2~1区间段一致性很好,表明此方法在测量上臂内转动上是有效的;(2)MBVG方法能够用于陀螺超量程的情况,其数据能够反映真实的发球动作;(3)3种方法测得的网球发球数据在特征上彼此能够很好的吻合。结论:惯性陀螺方法与基于标志点虚拟陀螺方法能够有效地用于网球发球评估。 相似文献
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本文提出"方法"类的教学内容包括技术方法、练习方法、锻炼方法。其中,技术方法指"合理有效地完成某一技术动作(或战术)的方法",包含"肢体动作方法"和"技术运用方法"两层含义;练习方法指"为改进技术动作的质量、提高运动技能、发展相关体能而设计的专门性练习策略及形式";锻炼方法指"为改善健康状况、增强体质而选择或设计的具体锻炼策略及形式"。以"方法"为内容进行教学,促使学生形成举一反三的学习与锻炼能力。 相似文献
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通过运用现代教学论及体育教育的有关理论,对大学生体育学习方法进行初步探究。提出体育学习方法是体育教学方法中的一种方法,与教师教法的有机结合,能使学生养成自觉学习和主动学习的习惯,能有效地提高大学体育教学的效益。同时提出了大学生体育学习方法的九种方法和大学生体育学习方法的五种基本指导方法。 相似文献
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1.篮球战术方法多媒体软件测试的内容分析篮球战术方法测试的目的,是为了了解学生对篮球战术方法的理解和掌握程度,及其战术意识的养成,主要是测试战术方法的运用、表达与分析能力。2.篮球战术方法测试的目标设计根据体育学院篮球普修课教学大纲的要求,把篮球普修课战术方法测试的目标层次划分为:战术概念、战术方法理解、战术方法运用、战术运用分析四个层次。战术概念层次的目标测试,在软件设计中是通过文字提问、平面动画演示来实现。战术方法理解层次的目标测试,在软件设计中是通过动画、视频媒体对战术方法的演示来实现。战术方法运用… 相似文献
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我国体育人文社会学研究生学位论文研究方法的调查与分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对全国15所高等院校的157篇体育人文社会学博士、硕士学位论文研究方法进行统计分析，归纳和总结其特征。研究结果显示研究方法运用的特征为：根据论文需要选择方法，注重多种方法的综合运用；形成以主体研究方法为基础的多元方法体系；注重定性与定量的结合，以提高学位论文的科学化；重视问卷调查方法的运用，提高学位论文的实证水平。 相似文献
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从方法论视角出发,探究民族传统体育学的研究方法,提出从：哲学方法、一般研究方法和具体研究方法等三个层次来构建民族传统体育学的研究方法体系。 相似文献
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采用文献资料与逻辑演绎的方法,对质的研究方法在体育科学中的应用现状进行阐述,并从研究对象和方法的角度对质的研究方法在冰雪运动中的适用性作一剖析。分析认为,冰雪运动中存在大量可以应用质的研究方法的课题,质的研究方法在冰雪运动科研与科技服务中具有良好的适用性和广阔的应用前景。旨为提高冰雪运动教练与科研人员的科研能力提供理论依据,适应体育科学研究方法多元化的发展趋势。 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献