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客户是重要创新源,在线大规模定制是企业将客户纳入创新过程、实现开放式创新的重要方式.基于企业视角,针对客户最优参与策略问题,考虑新产品开发(new product development, NPD)中的技术不确定性和市场不确定性,分别以研发活动创新度、客户知识对研发活动的重要度两项指标作为表征,提出了客户知识累积函数和企业设计返工函数;考虑从概念开发到新产品扩散全生命周期成本,构建了包含研发成本和产品在市场中扩散的营销成本的企业收益函数,以企业利润最大化为目标,给出了最优客户参与时间和最优交流次数以及企业策略选择的判定条件.最后,通过案例验证了方法的有效性和适用性. 相似文献
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工业设计是在人类社会文明高度发展过程中,伴随着大工业生产的技术、艺术和经济相结合的产物,工业设计的核心是产品设计。现代社会的需求在不断变化之中,产品设计已远远超过工业生产的范围,并成为一种文化现象,企业要想发展,只有采取主动的开发策略才行。企业应依据环境的变化而制定策略,决定开发什么产品以获取市场。一个新产品的诞生,涉及三方面的主要因素：技术的、经济的和人的因素。也就是说,产品的出现可能是技术上的革新所造成,也可能是社会需求改变或市场演变的结果,设计师在研究开发新产品过程的中应注意考虑以下几个方面的问题,以配合商品化的策略。 相似文献
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杨洁 《内蒙古科技与经济》2008,(19)
文章认为,中国房地产发展到今天,已开始步入规范化市场,企业间的竞争已进入到差异化竞争阶段.在认识到实施差异化战略的必要性后,房地产企业从产品差异化战略中的产品性能、产品特色、产品风格、产品设计四个方面进行市场营销创新. 相似文献
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围绕科技金融创新研究,在分析总结当前我国科技银行的发展现状和发展困境的基础上,提出科技支行在向科技银行转变的过程中应当采取的发展模式、支撑体系和盈利模式。认为在科技支行向科技银行的转变过程中,可以采取一种科技支行和科技银行并存而逐渐向科技银行转变的"双轨制"模式。同时基于不同发展阶段高新技术企业提出科技银行的盈利模式,期望科技银行通过产品设计创新,逐步实现从政府主导向市场主导的转变。 相似文献
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大企业研发试验室对企业家精神在创新过程中的替代是使其受到新市场中突破性创新威胁的重要原因.基于动态能力同企业家精神的契合性,分析了企业家精神作为一种重要的驱动企业创新成长导向的独特性及其通过二元组织存在于大企业中的可能性,提出了大企业兼容企业家精神驱动创新成长模式在开拓新市场和基于网络创新的组织变革方面的两组待检命题,并对苹果公司创新产品设计和商业模式开发的案例加以证明.在得到较为理想的证明效果基础上,进一步总结出在开放式创新条件下大企业创新成长需要在创新决策和主动变革方面为企业家精神发挥作用创造条件的重要启示. 相似文献
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从产品现代设计理论与技术创新理论的角度探讨了制造业企业产品设计与技术创新的本质特征,定义企业产品设计与技术创新能力为企业技术积累、新知识(或技术)获取、应用与价值实现的能力(数量、质量、效率等).制造业企业产品设计与技术创新能力主要体现在企业的研发积累、研发投入、研发产出与价值实现的活动过程中.基于此,提出了制造业企业产品设计与技术创新能力评价的指标体系与评价方法.本评价体系相比较从经济和管理等视角出发的评价体系,较全面地考虑了技术层面的指标,评价结果从技术层面反映企业的发展潜力.基于本评价体系开发完成的企业产品设计与技术创新能力评价软件系统,支持企业技术创新能力评价业务与基于Internet的远程评价服务. 相似文献
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将创新价值链从研发到市场的过程分为前、中、后三个阶段,以设计创新障碍、过程创新障碍和市场创新障碍作为创新间断标志,分析了价值创新要素对创新失效的影响。研究表明,我国企业的创新失效表现出较强的“两端效应”,创新价值链前、后期失效大于中期失效,创新障碍表现出功能设计、工程化能力和商业模式为特征的创新失效关键路径。在创新失效形态上,市场失效和技术失效是我国目前主要的创新失效形式。不同阶段创新障碍对失效形态的影响存在差异,设计创新障碍主要影响技术失效和市场失效,市场创新障碍主要影响市场失效和财务失效,过程创新障碍对三类失效形态都有强影响关系, 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献