共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 796 毫秒
1.
苏联解体后俄罗斯竞技体育管理体制的发展研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
由于苏联的解体,俄罗斯的政治转制、社会转轨、经济转型,使俄罗斯的竞技体育管理体制也受到冲击。历史的原因,中国与前苏联的国情、社会制度、经济状况以及竞技体育管理体制上都有许多相同之处,因此对苏联解体后俄罗斯竞技体育管理体制的成功经验和失败教训进行研究,无疑对我国在2008年奥运会之后竞技体育管理体制的改革有着重要的参考意义。随着社会的发展,我国的竞技体育管理体制改革势在必行,从俄罗斯竞技体育管理体制改革和发展的经验教训中启示我们,只有结合我国的国情,建立具有中国特色的新形势下的竞技体育管理模式,我国的竞技体育才会有更大的发展。 相似文献
2.
Austin Duckworth 《国际体育史杂志》2017,34(11):1112-1127
AbstractFrom 1962 to 1968, the United States Government along with private entities funded the training of athletes from developing nations through a non-profit organization named Sports International. Led by former Peace Corps member David Dichter, Sports International sought to enhance America’s image in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. The initial aim of the programme was to train athletes to compete at the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo. The theory behind Sports International centred on the notion that helping developing nations achieves athletic success would influence them to view the United States more favourably. The idea to form Sports International came in the midst of the Cold War as the United States and the Soviet Union battled on a multitude of fronts. This article argues that American leaders worried about the presence of the Soviet Union in developing countries and sought ways to maximize American influence in those areas. The theory of soft power, a concept most prominently explicated by American international relations theorist Joseph Nye, forms the framework for this study. By analysing Sports International through this lens, this article demonstrates several problems which might ensure should one overemphasize the effect of sport on a nation’s soft power. 相似文献
3.
Sam Schelfhout 《国际体育史杂志》2018,35(10):1008-1028
AbstractIn the first visit by American athletes to the Soviet Union since World War II, the U.S. weightlifting team included 340-pound Paul Anderson who startled the sports world in June of 1955 by pressing a world record 402 pounds, exceeding that of his Soviet adversary by 77 pounds. The admiration evoked by his colossal size and strength encouraged the State Department to send Anderson and other weightlifters on goodwill tours to counter Soviet expansionism in the Middle East and South Asia. The first tour evoked praise from President Dwight Eisenhower and Vice President Richard Nixon, but the second tour proved disappointing when Anderson was unable to perform as expected and Coach Bob Hoffman made disparaging remarks about local customs, thus inadvertently planting seeds of ill-will. The 1955 weightlifting tours illustrated the likelihood of unanticipated consequences and limitations of using athletics as a Cold War strategy to counter Soviet influence in non-aligned countries. Previous accounts have provided chiefly macroscopic views with only a vague notion of what transpired on the ground during goodwill tours. This study provides a closer view of how they were conducted, examples of interaction between visitors and locals, and their failure to fulfil the strategic aims of the Eisenhower Administration. 相似文献
4.
K. Manuel Veth 《Soccer & Society》2017,18(1):132-143
This article focuses on the Soviet sports agency Sovintersport, which was created in the late 1980s and became an import–export company for everything related to sport in the Soviet Union. Sovintersport and its subsidiary companies were responsible for importing and exporting sporting equipment, negotiating sponsorship contracts with foreign companies, as well as the transferring of Soviet athletes and coaches to other countries. This article will, therefore, analyse the operations of Sovintersport and its subsidiary companies in the period between 1987 and 1991, with a special focus on foot-ball related operations. Sovintersport is in many ways is an excellent case study, which illustrates how international trading corporations that were set up during Gorbachev’s reign of the Soviet Union, operated. Sovintersport demonstrates how football in the Soviet Union turned from a spectator sport into a valuable asset that was worth capitalizing on. 相似文献
5.
Toby C. Rider 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(1):37-52
Due to the decision of the Soviet Union and nearly all of its East European satellites to withdraw from the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Games, the communist media provided audiences in the Soviet bloc with few reports on the sporting events in the Olympic city. When Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty, broadcasters funded by the US government, attempted to fill this ‘information gap’ by beaming coverage of the Los Angeles Games behind the Iron Curtain, the Soviet Union protested to the International Olympic Committee. They claimed, with a mixture of fact and fiction, that the Radios were tools of the American intelligence establishment and accused them of broadcasting ‘subversive’ propaganda to Eastern Europe and the USSR. Stirred into action by this Soviet manoeuvre, leading spokesmen for the Radios were joined by government officials, private citizens, US Olympic Committee members and the American media in a concerted attempt not only to defend the work of the broadcasters, but also to secure their press accreditation for Los Angeles. 相似文献
6.
陈朋 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(10):125-127
运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法对50年代苏联体操和中国体操的现状及中国学习苏联体操经验的原因、成效等进行研究。文章认为苏联体操对中国现代体操的发展具有非常重要的影响,为我国提供了科学的训练方法、先进的体操理论和创新意识的培养等,加快了中国体操向世界体操强国迈进的步伐,客观上为中国体操的现代化进程起到不可磨灭的作用。 相似文献
7.
对第29届北京奥运会田径项目的奖牌分布进行统计分析，参照第28届雅典奥运会田径项目的奖牌分布情况，分析奖牌的区域分布特征：进入第一集团的国家增多，实力非常接近；美、俄绝对统治田坛的局面不复存在，“后起之秀”气势如虹；欧洲和北美洲国家的田径运动发展水平继续处于高位，非洲水平居中，而南美洲、大洋洲、亚洲整体水平依旧低迷。优势项目的分布特征：欧洲的跳跃和投掷类实力超群；北美洲掌控短跑项目；非洲在中长跑的天赋发挥得淋漓尽致；大洋洲、亚洲、南美洲优势项目稀缺。 相似文献
8.
对苏联高等教育模式评价中若干问题的思考--兼以纪念刘一凡教授 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
谢雪峰 《武汉体育学院学报》2005,39(3):97-99
对苏联高教模式的过强专业教育和应试教育倾向,人才培养中的教学过程和方法,以及苏联高教模式合理性和局限性等方面评价中所存在的若干问题进行了分析,认为"苏联高教模式"不是社会主义苏联必然要出现的一种高教模式,更不是其他社会主义国家在一定时期必然要学习并实行的高教模式。 相似文献
9.
试论苏联高等教育模式及其影响因素 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
谢雪峰 《武汉体育学院学报》2000,34(1):6-10
对苏联高等教育模式概念进行了讨论,概述了苏联高等教育模式性质和特点,分析了政治、经济、文化、理论等方面的影响因素。概述了苏联高等教育模式的具体内容。 相似文献
10.
Kai Thomas Reinhardt 《国际体育史杂志》2014,31(12):1535-1554
As mountaineering was a non-Olympic sport and of no military relevance, it did not obtain any support of the socialist state. Consequently, it was very difficult for the mountaineers to obtain visas and financial or material resources. Invitations from the Soviet Union (SU), well-paid side jobs and self-made equipment were just some of the things necessary to be able to get into the highlands. From the end of the 1970s the emerging ‘hippie-generation’ brought new life into the scene of traditional alpinists. These young people travelled into the Soviet Union with the help of a so-called ‘Transitvisum’. They stayed in the SU illegally for several weeks or even months, always being weary of the police. Not having much financial possibilities, they travelled mostly by train or by hitchhiking and thus got into close contact with the Soviet people. Due to their experiences the alpinists were able to distance themselves from the official socialist discourse in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and to realise the possibility of liberty. They can be considered as an avant-garde of the massive exoduses or escapes of thousands of GDR citizens in 1989 through one or more eastern countries which initiated the collapse of the GDR. 相似文献
11.
对建国以来我国体育教学理论发展的初步研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为促进我国体育教学理论形成独立的理论体系,探求我国体育教学理论自身发展的规律性,运用文献资料法、调查法、观察法和数理统计法,对建国以来我国体育教学理论发展的4个阶段进行了初步考察,归纳了各个阶段的理论特点。研究结果显示,我国体育教学理论经历了从全面引进苏联体育教学模式到向独立体系发展的过程。至今,多种教学指导思想并存,能借助多学科理论进行教学理论研究,但缺少长期、持续的整体实验研究,这是影响我国体育教学理论发展的主要因素之一。未来体育教学理论在体育教学功能开发和学生体育学习理论等诸多基础研究和比较实验研究方面取得较大进展。 相似文献
12.
梳理赫鲁晓夫时期苏联体育公共行政组织演化,找寻价值规律,启示中国体育改革。通过文献资料、访谈等方法研究后,认为:赫鲁晓夫时期苏联体育公共行政组织去国家化的背景是当时的经济增长和全民国家理念,其重归政府管理原因是:僵硬意识形态框架下社会组织建设、党的机构扩建及取代行政对社会事物直接管理、权威国家思想以及缺乏社会自治自觉的村社传统文化等等。中国体育公共行政组织改革应坚持党的领导和指引,但避免党政不分,努力建设公民社会,夯实体育社会管理的根基。 相似文献
13.
俄（苏）体育的基本概念和基本原则 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
俄罗斯的苏联时代，由于特殊的历史环境和条件，产生了不同于西方的体育形态，形成了一些具有特别含义的体育基本概念，这些概念基本上反映了苏联体育运行机制的特征，在相当长的历史时期内对我国体育产生过影响。探讨这些基本概念及其代表的俄(苏)体育，对拓展我们的体育视野和思路，深化体育改革，有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
14.
《Sport in History》2013,33(2):195-196
This article, which is based on original archival and press research, examines the origins of the Cold War from the perspective of sport in the post-war occupied zones of Germany. Both the western Allies and Soviet communist victors claimed that they wished to use sport to help establish ‘democracy’ in Germany. However, their conceptions of ‘democracy’ were diametrically opposed and each side used the sporting press to caricature and criticise the other. In the Soviet zone, sports reporting portrayed the West as elitist, professional in their ‘Taylorist’ methods and nationalist in outlook. Reversing their former hostility to the Olympic movement, the Soviet-controlled German sports press argued that only socialist sport could deliver true amateur ‘Olympic’ sport by democratising athletics for the masses. The occupying Allied powers made up of Britain, France and the United States were united in their rejection of unproven claims of Soviet superiority and denounced the ‘undemocratic’ controls imposed by the Soviets across Eastern Europe. The holding of the Olympic Games in London in the summer of 1948 as Cold War tensions increased provides a focus for these divergent views, throwing new light on the political role of the reporting of sport and of the sporting press in post-war Germany. 相似文献
15.
Justus Kalthoff 《国际体育史杂志》2018,35(14):1459-1475
AbstractToday, science has become indispensable in professional (association) football. As applying science in football promises a greater sporting success, football training is based on scientific knowledge. Hence, the use of science in football is taken for granted and seems to be commonplace. However, scientific knowledge was hardly employed in football until the early 1950s. In fact, its use needed legitimacy. By taking the German Democratic Republic (GDR) as an example, this study traces the legitimization of science in football in the 1950s and 1960s. The results suggest that the future promise of science as well as the Soviet Union and Soviet football played a substantial role in the scientification of GDR football. 相似文献
16.
我国体育院系的专业设置与毕业生就业状况的研究 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19
李先国 《西安体育学院学报》2003,20(1):92-95,100
采用调查法、文献法、比较法、数理统计法及上国际互联网查询等研究方法 ,笔者对我国体育院系的专业设置情况进行了中外比较研究。研究结果表明 :由于受前苏联教学模式和传统学年制的影响 ,我国体育院系的专业设置与美、日相比 ,存在明显的差距和不足 ,从而不利于学生的学习和就业。 相似文献
17.
Langston Clark Louis Harrison Jr. Albert Y. Bimper 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):281-291
Purpose: The purposes of this study were to: (a) analyze the insights and experiences of the 1st African American student-athlete (in basketball) at a prominent predominantly White institution in the Deep South as well as the later insights and experiences of his sons at the same university; and (b) to present a counterstory to the dominant historical rendering of the Civil Rights Movement, the integration of athletics, and the experiences and outcomes of contemporary African American athletes. Method: Using qualitative critical race methodology, investigators conducted and analyzed interviews with the 1st African American to play basketball at a prominent university located in the Deep South and his 2 sons who attended the same university a generation later. Results: Using the lens of critical race theory, the themes conceived from the analysis were the counterstory of agency, counterstorytelling stereotypes, and the salience of everyday racism. Conclusion: Racism is still existent within society, even within college athletics. The holistic success of African American athletes in college is dependent upon their ability to navigate overt and covert racial climates. 相似文献
18.
郭叶 《体育科技文献通报》2012,20(8):8-9,31
娱乐因素是体育的基本组成部分,但特殊的历史背景造成了新中国体育娱乐因素的淡化。本文回顾了新中国体育的发展历程,重点分析了新中国体育的前身——“赤色体育”军事化指导思想、“苏联模式”对体育的简单工具化影响、文革对体育摧残和极端异化以及竞技体育树立道德标杆的作用被片面强化等娱乐因素在新中国体育中被淡化的原因。 相似文献
19.
20.
文章认为建国初期我国学校体育的创建,实际经历了两个阶段.第一阶段1949～1962年,主要是实现了由旧体育向新体育的根本性转变;第2阶段1953～1956年,主要是模仿前苏联模式而建构新中国的学校体育体系.从1956年国家颁布第一个全国性的各级各类学校体育教学大纲开始,标志着具有前苏联模式的我国学校体育体系形成,并从此影响了我国学校教育近50年的历史. 相似文献