共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
体育教学的任务之一是传授动作技术,要完成这个任务,使儿童少年领会和掌握运动技能,在教学过程中认真抓好示范和讲解这一环节是很重要的。所有的体育动作都是经过学习而形成的,因此都是条件反射。学习和掌握体育动作技能从不会到会,也是建立条件反射的过程,学习任何一个新动作初期,如学习跨越式跳高这个动作,首先由教师进行讲解;教师讲解后,接着就进行示范,然后由学生自己练习,这是教 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
动作记忆研究的新领域——动作记忆元认知研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着现代认知心理学的发展，“对认知的认知”－－元认知的研究已逐渐成为当前智力研究的前沿课题，就目前而言，在体育学习领域中有关元认知的研究极其贫乏，至今尚未见到有关的实验研究报告，动作记忆元认知即认知主体对自身动作记忆过程的认知与监控，具体包括动作记忆组织和动作记忆监控，基于动作记忆元认知在体育学习中的重要性，本文试图对动作记忆元认知过程进行初步探索，并提出一种全新的动作记忆训练方法－动作记忆元认知训练，为体育教学工作者和学习者寻找一种高质高效的教与学的方法，以增强学生动作学习能力。 相似文献
6.
非限制性体育教学法,是指在体育教学过程中有意识的取消技术学习过程中的某些客观或主观规定,从而使技术动作的学习与个体的身体能力相结合,促进个体对技术动作的掌握,有效形成稳定运动技能的一种方法。 在传统的体育教学过程中,我们总是严格的遵循着动作对客观情境规定的符合和规范动作的一致性,强调其技术动作的某种标准,对于那些不符合情境与动作规定的身体动作进行纠正。这样,我们的教学过程总是围绕着形成概念、纠正错误、巩固概念,最终形成技能的模式进行。而不是促使学生去掌握一种方法,同时用这种方法去适应一定条件… 相似文献
7.
8.
一我们在体育教学过程中,要使学生更好地学习和掌握技术动作,从而收到最佳的教学效果。通常必须以运动表象和技术动作的概念来体现。前者是指所学技术动作的具体特点;后者是关于做到这些动作应遵循的规律。在教学实践中两者是相互联系的一个整体,缺一不可。本文通过运动表象形成过程和做一些心理分析,意在起抛砖引玉的作用,引起体育教师的重视,加强体育教师教学能力的培养,以便能科学地进行体育教学,提高教学质量。 相似文献
9.
10.
技术主题在美国学校体育教学中得到了广泛的应用，取得了良好的效果，产生了重要的影响。运用文献资料法和比较分析法对美国学校体育教学中的"技术主题"进行了分析，研究发现：第一，"技术主题"由格雷厄姆在拉班的动作框架的影响下所提出，以研究关于体育教学"教什么"为核心问题。第二，"技术主题"强调在体育教学中应围绕动作技能和运动概念，因为动作技术和运动概念是一切身体活动及体育运动项目的基础。第三，"技术主题"在运用上，是动作技能和运动概念的有效结合，在此基础上制定教学目标、教学内容、教学方法等相关教学要素。第四，技术主题方法具有基础性、层次性和多样性的特点。 相似文献
11.
This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
12.
Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
13.
Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
14.
许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
15.
采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
16.
17.
重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
18.
本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
19.
对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献