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考虑两个竞争企业的研发投资存在非对称溢出效应时的最优研发投资策略问题。运用博弈论构建有无研发投资的模型并求解分析,揭示不同强度的研发投资溢出、吸收能力和研发成功概率等因素对竞争企业研发投资博弈均衡的影响。结果表明：两个企业的研发投资溢出均较弱时,它们都会投资;一方的溢出较弱而另一方的较强时,双方将分别成为唯一的投资方和搭便车者;溢出效应中等时,它们或者都投资,或者都不投资;溢出效应均足够强时,二者都不投资。敏感性分析显示,企业会依据不同水平的产品差异度、吸收能力和研发成功概率调整最优研发投资策略。此外,消费者剩余和社会福利在两个企业都投资时最优,单一企业投资时次之,无研发投资时最差。 相似文献
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Using unique innovation survey data collected from a homogenous sample of firms in Pakistan, this paper presents an analysis of the firm level determinants of product innovation and its impact on firm performance. We employ a multi-stage structural model linking the decision of a firm to innovate, its innovation investment, product innovation, and firm performance using primary data from the textile and wearing apparel sector, which is the largest export sector of Pakistan. We find that product innovation leads to increased labor productivity as well as higher labor productivity growth. A 10 percent increase in innovative sales per worker is associated with a greater than 10 percent increase in labor productivity and labor productivity growth. On the determinants of innovation, we find that vertical knowledge flows from foreign clients and suppliers are important determinants of a firm's decision to innovate. Larger firms are more likely to engage in innovation, however, there is no significant evidence that they invest more in innovation. Exporting is positively associated with innovation performance and firms exporting to Europe and America are more likely to engage in innovation. There is mixed evidence on the impact of competition: foreign competition adversely affects a firm’s decision to innovate, whereas, local competition increases investment in innovation. Subsidies seem to have a crowding out effect since firms receiving national subsides invest less in innovation. Furthermore, firms that have higher investment in innovation, that are more productive, and that introduce organizational innovations have higher innovative sales per worker. 相似文献
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This paper explores the relationship between innovation and the survival probability of manufacturing firms in the Netherlands, conditional on firm age and size. The empirical analysis combines firm level data on innovation, derived from the second Community Innovation Survey, and on the date of exit, from the Business Register of all firms active in the Netherlands. To estimate the survival probability of a firm we use a non-parametric approach, based on the calculation of Transition Probability Matrices over different time periods. The results show that innovation has a positive and significant effect on the probability of firms’ survival. This effect increases over time and is conditional on firm age and size; we observe that small and young firms are the most exposed to the risk of exit, as found in earlier studies, but also those that most benefit of innovation to survive in the market, especially in the longer term. 相似文献
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装备制造业在技术层面上决定了众多产业的竞争力和发展水平,而大企业又是装备制造业技术创新的主导力量。本文利用1995—2008年我国装备制造业14个3位数产业的面板数据,分别考察了技术创新投入、技术创新产出与企业规模之间的关系,主要结论为:(1)R&D经费支出、研发人员全时当量与企业规模之间表现为显著的倒U型关系;(2)新产品销售收入与企业规模之间呈现显著的倒U型关系,而以专利度量的创新产出与企业规模之间的关系并不明显;(3)市场结构对技术创新投入的影响并不明显,而市场结构与技术创新产出之间表现为显著的倒U型关系;(4)不论是对技术创新投入还是产出,国有企业比重都表现出显著的正效应。 相似文献
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Although innovation is essential to build a competitive advantage and survive in the long run, some firms choose to exit, through mergers and acquisitions (M&As), or radically change their business portfolio and identity. This paper examines how innovative capabilities influence the decision of a firm to exit, among business closure, M&A, and radical restructuring. Using an analysis of a large and rich panel of Dutch manufacturing firms, we find that product and process innovation are equally important to lower the probability to close down activities, and this effect is stronger when product and process innovations are pursed in combination. We also find that process innovation reduces the probability of exit by radical restructuring, while product innovation, when not supported by process innovation, especially increases the probability of exit by M&As. Our findings suggest that exit strategies are intimately bound to the nature and synergies of innovative efforts. 相似文献
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专利技术许可已经成为开放式创新时代企业获取创新利益的重要方式,而何时进行专利许可是企业面临的重要决策问题。本文根据专利的法律化过程将专利许可时间分为专利申请-公开之间、公开-授权之间以及授权后,重点考察不同创新规模条件下企业的专利许可时间决策差异。通过将专利公开效应与授权效应纳入到企业专利许可时间决策模型,从理论上推导出企业创新规模与专利许可时间决策的关系,即：（1）企业创新规模增加会导致专利申请-公开之间许可的概率增加;（2）企业创新规模增加会导致专利公开-授权之间许可的概率先增加后降低,即企业创新规模对专利公开-授权之间许可概率的影响呈倒U型;（3）企业创新规模增加会导致专利授权后许可的概率降低。然后,本文利用2001-2015年中国企业在国家知识产权局申请且第一次备案许可的11865条发明专利进行实证研究,结果验证了以上所有理论命题。本研究从理论上揭示了不同创新规模企业的专利许可时间决策机制,对我国企业技术转移策略选择以及技术转移政策设计具有重要实践启示。 相似文献
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针对战略柔性对产品创新能力作用机理不明的问题,本文将其细分为战略可调性和组织可调性,以浙江省541家企业为研究对象,试图发现战略可调性在内外组织情境(环境动态性、组织可调性)的调节下对产品创新能力的作用机制。结果表明:战略可调性正向促进产品创新能力;环境动态性对这二者关系起到负向调节作用;组织可调性则起到正向调节作用。本文贡献在于:第一,拓展了自组织理论和适合度景观理论在产品创新领域的应用,丰富了架构能力对企业产品创新作用的研究;第二,整合内外部权变理论,识别了战略可调性和产品创新能力关系的内外部边界条件,发现产品创新所需的战略层能力基础具有情境性。 相似文献
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基于已有研究,构建了“投入-过程-产出”的风险研究框架,总结出6类企业协同创新风险,即创新要素投入风险、道德风险、资源共享风险、组织协同风险、市场风险和利益分配风险。引入协同效应为中介变量、动态能力为调节变量,运用SEM模型和层次回归分析研究企业协同创新风险和创新绩效的关系。结果表明：①6类风险均对创新绩效具有显著负向影响,且不同风险对创新绩效的影响程度有所差别;②协同效应在创新要素投入风险、道德风险、资源共享风险、组织协同风险、利益分配风险与创新绩效之间具有显著中介作用,在市场风险与创新绩效之间不存在中介作用;③动态能力显著调节创新要素投入风险、道德风险、资源共享风险、组织协同风险、市场风险与创新绩效的关系,对利益分配风险与创新绩效的关系不存在调节作用。 相似文献
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基于知识来源的视角,以中国ICT产业为例,检验了企业所有权对内外部知识网络选择和创新绩效的影响,以及内外部知识网络对企业所有权与创新绩效之间关系的调节作用。研究结果表明,内资企业和外资企业在内外部知识网络选择上存在差异,内资企业总部和独立企业比外资企业的子公司更善于开展本土创新合作,内资企业总部比外资企业的子公司具有更高的内部研发投入;而外资企业的子公司比独立企业更善于开展国际创新合作和技术采购;内资企业和外资企业在利用公司内部网络上没有显著差异。内资企业的创新绩效优于外资企业的子公司,而且不同所有权类型的企业选择不同的内外部知识网络对创新绩效的影响存在差异。 相似文献
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品牌溢出效应已成为当前新产品扩散的重要影响因素。首先,本文针对品牌溢出效应下新产品扩散问题,从品牌累积效应和品牌比例效应两个角度,对经典Bass模型进行了拓展,构建了品牌溢出效应下新产品扩散模型。然后,通过性质分析发现,品牌累积效应越强,后续产品销量的峰值时间则到来越早,峰值销量和总销量则越大;而品牌比例效应的销量影响则依据关联创新效应和独立创新效应的大小而不同。最后,以电影为例,选取北美2016年1月至2017年6月上映的17个电影品牌的47部续集电影进行实证分析,结果显示构建模型在拟合绩效和预测绩效均有较好表现。 相似文献
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Innovation activities, use of appropriation instruments and absorptive capacity: Evidence from Spanish firms 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
This article empirically investigates the relationship between innovation activities of firms, their use of appropriation instruments and their absorptive capacity. We study a wide range of manufacturing and service industries, not just high-tech, and a wide range of innovation activities, not just R&D. We use multilevel logit models for complex samples to disentangle industry from firm-specific effects. We find that within an industry, firms that invest in appropriation instruments to reduce outgoing spillovers tend to conduct more R&D and downstream activities than firms that do not. Acquisition of technology is not related to the use of appropriation instruments. The effects of incoming spillovers (measured through absorptive capacity) on innovation activities of firms are industry specific and stronger for firms that invest in appropriation instruments. For this type of firm, both the capability to scan the external environment for technology and the capability to integrate new technology are related to the innovation activities. For firms that do not invest in appropriation instruments, only scanning capabilities are related. 相似文献
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On the relationship between environmental management, environmental innovation and patenting: Evidence from German manufacturing firms 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper analyses empirically the relationship between environmental innovations, environmental management and patenting. In particular it tests a number of propositions on how environmental management systems and the interaction with environmentally more or less concerned stakeholders are associated with the probability of firms to pursue innovation in general (measured as patenting behaviour) and specifically environmental innovation (measured based on firm self-assessment and through patent data). In applying a negative binomial as well as binary discrete choice models the relationship is studied using data on German manufacturing firms. As a novel and important insight, the study finds that environmental innovation can be meaningfully identified using patent data and that environmental innovation defined this way is less ubiquitous than self-reported environmental innovation. It also reveals that the implementation level of environmental management systems has a positive effect exclusively on environmental process innovation, whereas it is negatively associated with the level of a firms’ general patenting activities. For environmental product innovation and patented environmental innovations a positive relationship with environmentally concerned and a negative link with environmentally neutral stakeholders is found. 相似文献
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外部技术扩散模式下的高新技术企业成长研究 《科学学研究》2021,39(9):1662-1670
针对外部技术扩散模式对企业成长的影响问题,本文基于327家高新技术企业的调查问卷数据,将产品创新效果和技术吸收能力分别作为中介变量和调节变量,探索了外部技术扩散模式、产品创新效果与企业成长之间的关系。结果显示,与交流扩散相比,转让扩散不但更能显著促进企业快速成长,而且更能显著提高产品创新速度;与转让扩散相比,交流扩散更能显著促进产品创新程度的提高;产品创新程度在交流扩散与企业成长之间具有中介作用;产品创新速度在转让扩散与企业成长之间具有中介作用;企业技术吸收能力越强,产品创新速度的中介作用越强。研究结论为管理者在促进企业成长时有效地采用和配置不同的外部技术扩散模式提供了决策参考。 相似文献
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产品创新是现代企业保持竞争优势、获得经济利润的有效策略。本文选取四家多次发起同类众筹项目并且后期实现产品创新的企业作为研究对象,运用扎根理论对案例资料数据进行编码分析来研究众筹中如何激发产品创新。研究发现,主体互动通过发起者学习、支持者学习和信息交互实现;与产品创新紧密相关的价值共创形式主要包括共同策划、共同设计、共同测试和共同推广;案例企业均实现了产品创新,即功能创新、形式创新或服务创新;此外,本文构建了理论模型：主体互动促进价值共创过程从而实现产品创新。 相似文献
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在制造业企业创新驱动时代背景下,本文基于组织行为理论,探索了制造业企业期望绩效反馈效果对企业技术创新效果的影响,并在此基础上结合公司发展理论和产品市场理论探讨了公司发展方式与产品市场竞争的情境效应以及二者的联合情境效应。以制造业A股2001-2014年的面板数据对理论假设进行检验,结果显示：企业期望绩效反馈效果对企业技术创新效果产生正向影响;相比于外延型的发展方式而言,企业选择内涵型的发展方式更有利于推动企业的技术创新活动;而产品市场竞争在一定程度上也能够增强这种正向影响;最后,公司内涵型发展方式与产品市场竞争的联合情境效应对企业技术创新效果同样具有正向的调节作用。 相似文献
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Research and Technology Organizations (RTOs) and universities are important elements of countries’ innovation systems. As they are both halfway between science and industry, they are often considered to be the same thing. However, recent studies have stressed the differences between the two. In this paper, we analyze the innovative characteristics (impacts and types of innovation and internal R&D investments) of firms that collaborate with RTOs versus universities. Our study is based on statistical analysis of Community Innovation Survey micro-data (CIS 2012). Our results suggest that firms that see RTOs as more important sources of knowledge than universities have a higher probability of developing service innovation, invest less in internal R&D but are less likely to introduce new, groundbreaking innovations into the market. These results have significant policy and management implications, especially regarding the different but complementary contributions offered respectively by RTOs and universities. 相似文献
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陈力田 《科学学与科学技术管理》2012,33(6):60-70
针对战略管理领域长久以来关于动态能力是否能带来可持续竞争优势的争论,以浙江省567家企业为研究对象,探讨了战略协调柔性对企业产品创新的影响和环境动态性的调节作用,进而试图打开动态能力影响可持续竞争优势的黑箱。结果表明:内、外部战略协调柔性都对产品创新能力有积极影响;环境动态性负向调节外部战略协调柔性和产品创新能力之间的关系,却对内部战略协调柔性和产品创新能力之间的关系无调节作用。 相似文献