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1.
从供应链视角,考虑政府补贴,构建港口与船舶减排决策博弈模型,探讨港航企业集中决策、分散决策情形下的减排决策问题。结果表明：（1）在供应链结构决策上,集中决策下的港航供应链定价低于分散决策下的定价,而总体利润和排放量则高于分散决策下的。（2）在减排技术决策上,当补贴在适当范围内时,港航供应链采用低硫油技术,此时港航企业可以实现利润最大化,同时政府也可实现排放控制,港航企业与政府双赢;而当补贴较低时,港航供应链采用低硫油技术,但此时使用低硫油的总排放量大于使用岸电的总排放量;而当补贴较高时,港航供应链采用岸电技术,但此时使用岸电的总排放量大于使用低硫油的总排放量。 相似文献
2.
近年来,港口环境污染的问题日益严重,作为港口供应链上的核心企业,港口企业和船公司在推动绿色港口的构建上发挥着重要作用。本文考虑到全球碳税政策的背景,同时兼顾客户群体的绿色偏好,分别探讨分析集中、分散两种决策情形下港口企业和船公司的碳减排决策,其中分散决策下主要考虑以下情况：港口企业为主导Stackelberg博弈、港口企业和船公司的Nash博弈、船公司为主导的Stackelberg博弈。探究四种博弈情况下港航企业在碳减排方面的抉择。最后得出在集中决策情形下港航企业以及客户群体可以达到最优目标。其次分析不同参数对于关键变量的影响,结果表明政府对港区征收碳税以及客户群体绿色意识的提高都会促进港口方和船方的减排力度。上述得出的相关性结论能够帮助政府制定合适的碳税条例以及为港口方、船舶方的决策提供了参考意义。 相似文献
3.
《软科学》2018,(1):130-135
以农民和食品企业组成的二级绿色食品供应链为研究对象,考虑绿色食品质量和绿色食品声誉对供应链收益的影响,运用微分博弈的方法从动态上分析了三种不同博弈情形下,农民和食品企业的最优策略和利润。同时,考虑政府补贴和绿色食品认证对绿色食品供应链的影响,比较了有无补贴和绿色食品认证下绿色食品质量和供应链主体利润。结果表明:当农民和食品企业的收益分配系数满足一定条件时,绿色食品质量、农民和企业的利润、供应链总利润从Nash博弈到Stackelberg博弈再到主体合作下的博弈,均实现了帕累托改进。政府补贴和绿色食品认证对提高绿色食品质量和供应链利润起到积极作用,并通过算例仿真验证了以上结论。 相似文献
4.
《软科学》2019,(2):112-117
考虑消费者的损失厌恶心理和零售商的公平关切心理,在四种不同竞争结构下,分析损失厌恶、公平关切对制造商、零售商定价和供应链绩效的影响。结果表明,随着损失厌恶的增强,企业和供应链绩效下降,在纳什均衡博弈、制造商主导Stackelberg博弈和零售商主导Stackelberg博弈下,批发价格和零售价格均下降,在供应链集中下,批发价格不变,零售价格下降;随着公平关切的增强,供应链绩效提高,在纳什均衡博弈、制造商主导Stackelberg博弈和零售商主导Stackelberg博弈下,批发价格下降,零售价格分别增大、不变和增大,制造商与零售商绩效分别下降和提高,在供应链集中下,企业定价不受影响;供应链绩效在供应链集中下最大,在制造商主导Stackelberg博弈下最小。 相似文献
5.
在考虑政府补贴的情况下,基于Stackelberg博弈理论和Nash均衡理论,构建包含政府、企业、研发机构在内的四种博弈模型,对不同模型下的价格、产品创新度和利润情况进行比较分析。研究发现,企业主导市场的情况下,产品销售价格、创新度和利润都不占优势,创新效率最低;政府主导模型中非均等化补贴可以使价格、产品创新度和利润等指标均达到最优化。 相似文献
6.
本文针对单个制造商和零售商组成的闭环供应链系统,基于博弈论的基本方法,分别构建了集中式、制造商领导的Stackelberg博弈、零售商领导的Stackelberg博弈、制造商和零售商存在Nash均衡博弈等模式下的闭环供应链决策模型,进而对比分析消费者搭便车行为对不同权力结构闭环供应链的决策及利润等影响问题。研究表明,集中式决策闭环供应链的总利润和分散式决策中各权力主体的利润受到搭便车系数的影响;各权力结构下网络直销渠道的销售价格和市场需求均随搭便车系数的增加而增加等。 相似文献
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针对随机需求环境下供需双方订货批量问题,分别建立Stackelberg博弈模型和合作博弈模型,并求出最优解.当制造商提供价格折扣时,分别对两模型进行优化:在Stackelberg博弈模型中,给出制造商可采取的指数价格折扣;在合作博弈模型中,计算出价格折扣范围,并证明价格折扣实质是关于整体利润增加量的分配过程.最后通过算例对模型进行求解分析.结果表明,在pareto改进条件下,合作博弈模型的供应链整体利润较大,供应链成员有寻求合作博弈的动力. 相似文献
9.
考虑到人们生活物质水平的提高,产品生命周期被大大地缩短了,导致了许多环境和资源上的问题.在这些问题的基础上,构建了一个由制造商、零售商和消费者组成的闭环供应链.针对制造商所生产的新产品和再制造产品2种具有差异性,分别考虑无政府补贴和政府补贴制造商的情况下,综合运用最优化理论和博弈理论求解和比较分散决策和集中决策下供应链系统成员的最优定价策略和收益状况,最终得出2种产品的最优模型和最优定价策略,然后再通过算例分析验证相关的性质.研究表明:在集中决策模式下,当政府对制造商进行补贴的情况下,再制造产品的需求量增大,新产品的需求量减少,供应链的整体利润增大;在分散决策模式下,当产品差异化程度较小时,有政府补贴情况下新产品和再制造产品的需求量减少,制造商、零售商和供应链整体的利润得到提升;当产品差异化过大时,制造商的利润小于无政府补贴情况下的利润,有政府补贴的情况下整体供应链和零售商的利润要大于政府不补贴的情况. 相似文献
10.
研究由一个努力减排的制造商和一个努力促销的零售商组成的双渠道供应链的减排与促销决策问题。首先建立分散决策和集中决策下供应链成员的Stackelberg博弈模型,表明集中决策会激励制造商努力减排、零售商努力促销及提高供应链整体利润,为此提出合作减排、合作促销和成本互担3种合作模式,分别构建博弈模型来分析均衡解。研究表明:3种合作方式分别在不同的条件下能提高供应链及各成员的利润,但是合作减排方式不能激励零售商努力促销、合作促销方式不能激励制造商努力减排,而成本互担方式能同时激励制造商努力减排水平和零售商努力促销。最后通过数值仿真验证模型的有效性,并对比分析3种合作方式下消费者对直销渠道的偏好对供应链成员利润的影响。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
16.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
17.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献