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政府补贴背景下制造商和零售商博弈研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于非合作博弈模型与合作博弈模型研究制造商和零售商之间的关系以及政府补贴对企业带来的影响。结果表明,产品价格随着政府补贴的增加而增加,且非合作博弈情形下产品价格比合作博弈情形下产品价格增加更快;企业销售额随着政府补贴的增加而增加,而且,合作情形下销售额的增速更大,所以,补贴政策有助于刺激需求;企业利润随政府补贴的增加而增加,且合作情形下利润增长更快,补贴政策对企业也是有利的;合作情形下的企业利润高于非合作情形下的企业利润,且政府补贴越大,合作比不合作多带来的利润越大,企业更加愿意合作。 相似文献
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考虑到人们生活物质水平的提高,产品生命周期被大大地缩短了,导致了许多环境和资源上的问题.在这些问题的基础上,构建了一个由制造商、零售商和消费者组成的闭环供应链.针对制造商所生产的新产品和再制造产品2种具有差异性,分别考虑无政府补贴和政府补贴制造商的情况下,综合运用最优化理论和博弈理论求解和比较分散决策和集中决策下供应链系统成员的最优定价策略和收益状况,最终得出2种产品的最优模型和最优定价策略,然后再通过算例分析验证相关的性质.研究表明:在集中决策模式下,当政府对制造商进行补贴的情况下,再制造产品的需求量增大,新产品的需求量减少,供应链的整体利润增大;在分散决策模式下,当产品差异化程度较小时,有政府补贴情况下新产品和再制造产品的需求量减少,制造商、零售商和供应链整体的利润得到提升;当产品差异化过大时,制造商的利润小于无政府补贴情况下的利润,有政府补贴的情况下整体供应链和零售商的利润要大于政府不补贴的情况. 相似文献
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从供应链视角,利用博弈方法构建政府补贴政策下港口和船舶采用岸电减排的博弈模型,分析三种权力结构（船舶主导的Stackelberg博弈、港口主导的Stackelberg博弈、港口与船舶处于同等地位的Nash博弈）下的港口与船舶减排决策行为。结果表明,港口与船舶处于同等地位情形下的政府补贴最小,当岸电接电时间较短时一方处于主导地位（船舶主导和港口主导）的港航供应链整体利润最大,而当岸电接电时间较长时,港口与船舶处于平等地位的港航供应链整体利润最大;三种权力结构下的排放量和社会福利不变。 相似文献
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针对企业创新过程中存在的合作与非合作研发并行的情形,构建一个三阶段博弈模型,分析政府补贴方式对并行研发模式下均衡的影响。通过对比分析政府仅对合作研发补贴和仅对非合作研发补贴时研发投入、产量、利润、补贴率和社会福利,发现政府对非合作研发补贴情形下的产量、利润和社会福利更高,而相应的补贴率则更低,表明政府对非合作研发补贴的绩效更高。 相似文献
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基于产业组织理论,构建不同知识吸收能力和溢出水平下的博弈理论模型,给出在不对称市场结构下,领导企业和后发企业两类企业进行创新活动选择模式的最优策略,并采用面板固定效应模型讨论政府创新支持政策对企业创新模式选择造成的影响效应。研究发现：随着创新产品补贴的增长,领导企业倾向选择渐进式创新,创新投入补贴水平的变动对领导企业创新模式选择无影响;两种补贴方式均会促使后发企业选择颠覆式创新,而且创新产品补贴比创新投入补贴更有效。 相似文献
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通过构建政府补贴背景下企业的技术选择模型,分析政府对企业的补贴与对消费者的补贴如何影响市场上现存企业和新进入者的技术选择决策。研究证明,政府补贴可以（1）增加新技术产品的需求量从而提高新技术市占率;（2）在消费者对新技术产品的偏好与成熟技术产品无显著差异时,使新技术产品需求量实现从无到有的突破;（3）通过价格传导机制使企业和消费者同时获益;（4）提高企业开发新技术时的风险承受能力及使用新技术的利润水平;（5）在不同情况下提升或降低社会总效用。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献