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技术创新是协调环境规制与工业行业的产业绩效这对矛盾体的有效途径,学术界对环境规制与工业技术创新之间关系的观点存在分歧,需要在理论和经验上进一步证实。本文建立了环境规制与工业技术创新关系的理论模型,并采用2003-2012年间我国35个工业行业的面板数据,考虑异质性行业的环境治理动机差异,实证检验了环境规制对工业技术创新的影响。研究表明:环境规制对工业技术创新的影响趋势呈现"U"型曲线特征,即弱环境规制不利于工业技术创新,而当环境规制强度达到"U"型曲线拐点以后,环境规制会促进工业行业的技术创新。污染密集行业比清洁行业的"U"型拐点出现更晚,污染密集行业的技术创新对环境规制的反应更慢,目前两类行业的环境规制强度都处在曲线拐点的左侧。因此,我国应提高环境规制强度达到一个合理的区间,同时对于不同类型的工业行业采取差异化的环境规制政策,从而有效推动我国工业技术创新能力的提升。 相似文献
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环境规制对企业绿色技术创新的影响特征与异质性——基于中国上市公司绿色专利数据 《科学学研究》2021,39(5):909-919
摘 要 基于2004-2015年中国沪深股市上市公司绿色专利数据,建立环境规制综合衡量指标,运用系统GMM估计方法,研究环境规制对企业绿色技术创新的影响特征与作用机理,分析绿色专利类型、企业所有制性质与行业类型的异质性。环境规制对企业绿色创新有先抑制后促进的“U”型影响特征;绿色技术创新活动中,环境规制会促进价值更高的绿色发明专利创新;非国有企业对于环境规制容忍度较低,“U”型拐点到来较早,且倾向于价值更高的绿色发明专利创新;环境规制对清洁行业与污染行业绿色技术创新的“U”型影响特征存在差异,清洁行业多体现“U”型曲线右半段,拐点较早,污染行业则完整体现了“U”型曲线全过程,拐点较迟。因此,采取灵活性差异化的环境规制政策对促进绿色创新与绿色发展具有积极作用。 相似文献
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通过分析企业采纳绿色技术的动机,以排污权交易为例,研究环境规制政策强度与企业绿色技术采纳程度之间关系。通过构建理论模型并求优化解,发现在排污量与企业产量成比例变动、技术进步会减少单位产出的排污量的情况下,当传统技术和绿色减排技术的边际减排成本(MAC)曲线存在交点时,企业绿色技术采纳程度与环境规制政策强度呈现"倒U型"关系。这由边际污染损害函数的斜率和绿色技术的采纳程度也呈现"倒U型"关系所决定。若考虑企业的异质性和政府政策的调整因素,会呈现更为复杂的"倒W型"非单调关系,甚至是锯齿形关系。 相似文献
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基于技术效率的视角对FDI溢出效应、环境规制与双环节R&D创新的关系进行了实证研究.研究发现:FDI与中国工业R&D转换效率呈显著“U型”曲线关系,而与R&D转化效率呈显著“倒U型”曲线关系,从而支持了FDI的“双刃剑论”;FDI对工业双环节R&D创新活动的溢出效应受碳排放强度、R&D强度的影响,且表现出较大的差异;环境规制对双环节R&D创新活动有显著的正效应,“波特假说”成立,预示着我国环境规制政策与工业技术创新实现了“双赢”.据此提出,应注重FDI利用的阶段化差异,有效选择与合理引导FDI进入,加强政府环境规制,如采用环境税、排放权交易、绿色消费等环境规制手段的政策建议. 相似文献
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采用超越对数型随机前沿模型,在考虑企业规模、所有制结构等因素的情况下,实证分析了2004-2010年间环境规制强度对中国工业行业R&D创新效率的影响及其行业差异。研究结果显示,我国工业行业R&D创新效率存在显著的行业异质性;虽然,环境规制强度在一定程度上促进了工业行业R&D创新效率提升,但环境规制强度与R&D创新效率呈现倒"U"型关系,即环境规制强度对工业行业R&D创新效率提升有"度"的限制,当环境规制强度超过一定水平时,反而不利于工业行业R&D创新效率提升;环境规制强度对工业行业R&D创新效率的影响存在显著的行业差异性,在技术密集度较高,环境污染程度较小和R&D强度较高的行业中,环境规制对R&D创新效率促进作用会更加显著。 相似文献
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本文采用超越对数型随机前沿模型,就环境规制等因素对清洁生产型产业2004—2010年技术创新效率的影响进行了经验分析。研究结果显示,环境规制对清洁生产型产业技术创新效率有着显著的促进作用,但这种影响存在明显的行业异质性;二者之间呈现倒"U型"关系,说明环境规制对清洁生产型产业技术创新效率提升有"度"的限制。与整个工业相比,环境规制对清洁生产型产业技术创新效率的驱动效应更大。倒U型曲线具有更高的拐点,表明在不损害技术创新能力的前提下,政府对清洁生产型产业实施严厉的环境规制政策具有更广阔的空间。 相似文献
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本文以2010~2015年沪深A股制造业上市公司面板数据为样本,就环境规制对企业研发创新活动的影响以及规制俘获行为对于环境规制与企业研发创新关系的调节效应进行考察。研究结果表明：环境规制对企业研发创新活动具有显著地促进作用;规制俘获负向调节环境规制对于研发创新的促进效应;企业异质性方面,规制俘获对于重污染行业以及产品市场竞争优势较弱企业环境规制与研发创新关系的负向调节效应相对更大;地区异质性方面,规制俘获对于位于规制俘获活跃地区以及环境规制压力较小地区企业的环境规制与研发创新关系具有更大的负向调节效应。 相似文献
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在经济新常态下,经济发展与环境保护之间的关系,成为政府和学界关注的热点话题。本文利用省级层面的环境规制数据和微观层面的中国工业企业数据,实证检验了中国地区环境规制强度对企业全要素生产率的影响及其机制。研究发现,地区环境规制强度与企业全要素生产率之间存在倒U型关系,即随着环境规制强度的提高,企业全要素生产率会逐渐提高,但环境规制强度提高到一定程度后,企业的全要素生产率会下降。研究进一步发现,适宜的环境规制强度能激发企业的"创新补偿效应",从而不断弥补创新的"遵循成本",提高企业的全要素生产率。本文使用了不同的环境规制强度指标,进行了稳健性检验,并用环保人数作为环境规制强度的工具变量来克服可能存在的内生性问题。研究结果表明,实施严格且适宜的环境规制可以实现环境保护和生产率提高的"双赢"结果。 相似文献
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基于中国工业污染现状,采用2008—2016年工业35个细分行业的面板数据,建立面板数据模型,并根据污染程度,将35个行业划分为污染密集型和清洁生产型,分别研究环境规制强度对污染密集型行业和清洁生产型行业绩效的影响。同时,结合创新管理,探究产品创新与工艺创新在环境规制强度与行业绩效间的中介作用。结果表明,环境规制强度对污染密集型和清洁生产型的行业绩效均产生抑制作用;在污染密集型行业中,产品创新与工艺创新发挥着重要的中介作用,其中产品创新的中介作用大于工艺创新的;而在清洁生产型行业中,产品创新与工艺创新则发挥着完全中介作用。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献