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【目的/意义】在企业中,科技创新团队知识共享对推动企业技术发展具有重大作用。【方法/过程】运用超网
络分析方法对某计算机技术有限公司的项目型科技创新团队进行分析,以科技创新团队的人员为节点,以科技创
新团队为超边,以科技创新团队合作申请专利的次数作为超边的权重,构建基于加权超图的企业科技创新团队合
作申请专利超网络,对所建的超网络模型有关拓扑结构指标进行计算和分析,然后构建基于节点扩散和超边扩散
的企业科技创新团队合作申请专利超网络中的知识共享机制,并对知识共享能力进行测度。【结果/结论】最后分析
了影响企业科技创新团队合作申请专利超网络知识共享的因素,给出了对策模型。研究结论可以为企业科技创新
团队知识共享的建设、实践及提高提供借鉴。 相似文献
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【目的/意义】研究从用户节点和网络全局两个视角出发,基于用户相似度与信任度对虚拟学术社区中学者
进行推荐,提高学者推荐的质量。【方法/过程】首先,利用 LDA 主题模型挖掘学者发表的博文主题,计算博文相似
度;通过学者共同好友比例计算好友相似度;然后将博文相似度和好友相似度融合计算用户相似度;最后,融合用
户相似度和信任度进行学者推荐。【结果/结论】提出虚拟学术社区中基于用户相似度与信任度的学者推荐方法,综
合利用用户节点和网络全局信息,为虚拟学术社区用户进行学者推荐。【创新/局限】从用户节点和网络全局两个角
度进行学者信息融合,有效提高了虚拟学术社区中学者推荐的质量。局限在于本文主要考虑的是学者在网络全局
中的信任度,用户节点间的交互信任关系还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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科研团队内部粘滞知识的形成机理与转移模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从科研任务、团队成员、团队环境及团队氛围四个方面分析了科研团队内部粘滞知识的形成,建立了知识转移模型,模型描述了团队内部的知识转移随成员间交流次数的变化情况,并利用MATLAB对矩阵模型进行了仿真。仿真结果表明:团队成员的稳定性是实现团队内部高效知识转移的前提;成员间的知识交流需要达到一定的次数才能实现高效的知识转移;将专家引进团队有利于团队内部知识转移;扁平化的组织结构有利于团队内部知识转移。 相似文献
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针对创新从投入到产出的多阶段性及各阶段价值转化时滞效应的差异性,本文提出了利用时间序列网络相似度与价值转化系统时滞效应关系来计算滞后期的方法。将创新价值链转化分为知识开发、成果转化和产业化三个阶段,在证明了价值转化系统的滞后效应与时间序列向量间的关系的基础上,构建各子系统的时间序列网络,进而采用余弦相似定理计算网络相似度,并求解最优映射关系以确定滞后效应及滞后期,利用中国1998—2016年省域创新价值转化数据,对创新价值链时滞效应进行验证。研究表明：价值转化系统的滞后效应与投入产出向量的时间序列网络结构有关,时间序列网络相似度能够反映价值转化参数向量的映射关系,其最大相似度反映了滞后效应,且对应的时间反映了滞后期;知识开发、成果转化和产业化阶段的平均滞后期分别为3~4年、2~3年和3~4年,专利驱动、论文驱动的价值转化期分别约为8.66年、9.66年;其中 11个省份为双路径驱动、9个省份论文驱动创新速度较快、2个省份专利驱动速度较快;同时知识开发阶段与产业化阶段的滞后期存在互补,知识开发较长的地区产业化速度较快。 相似文献
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已有研究将社会资本作为获取外部知识的渠道,隐含假设是社会资本具有知识流入效应。由于知识分享的相互性,社会资本实质上还具有知识流出效应。已有研究主要强调知识流入效应,是因为私有协同创新中的知识分享存在有意识的控制机制和组织边界,从而有效地抑制了知识流出。在共有协同创新网络中,创新团队间边界模糊且知识分享不受限制,导致知识流出效应显著增强。本文以共有协同创新网络为背景,探讨创新团队社会资本对新产品流行度的差异化影响以及如何控制该影响。通过收集开源平台SourceForge上1595个项目和8186个志愿者信息,结果发现创新团队度中心性对新产品流行度具有倒U型作用;桥中心性和接近中心性可提升新产品流行度。团队知识利用则有利于延缓社会资本的负面效应,强化其正面效应。 相似文献
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本体技术作为一种能在语义和知识层次上描述概念体系的有效工具,给词语间相似度计算带来了新的机会。词语相似度的研究,是知识表示以及信息检索领域中的一个重要内容。本文利用本体来组织概念,计算概念之间的语义相似度,将语义相似度分成概念相似度和描述相似度,把概念相似度和描述相似度进行合并,生成最终的语义相似度。依据《中国分类主题词表》建立的计算机领域本体,验证了语义相似度计算方法的有效性。 相似文献
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从社会资本视角来看,创新网络中知识扩散的实质是一种社会交换,网络中的知识扩散受社会关系网络中个体位势的影响。研究从微观视角切入,探讨科研网络中的知识主体对其知识扩散的动态影响机制。选取度中心度、Bonacich Power中心度、效率结构洞、中介中心度四种SNA算法,从知识的多样性、传递路径的非确定性和平行复制三个属性对比各SNA算法所暗含的知识扩散特征,对科研网络中知识扩散机制提出假设,选取国内知识管理领域发表于1998-2011年的CSSCI数据,利用Cox比例风险模型构建生存分析模型,研究各SNA算法对该领域知识扩散演化机制的解释程度。研究发现占据"结构洞"位置和度数中心度高的权威个体在知识管理领域知识扩散中发挥最为重要的作用;该领域主要通过团队成员间的平行复制和不同团队间的知识多样化融合来实现知识的扩散与创新。 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献