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1.
《Research Policy》2022,51(5):104477
It is yet unclear whether patents and copyright are effective at protecting digital innovations. In this paper, we investigate this question using novel product-level data on mobile apps, in which we relate the use of both patents and copyright to (i) revenue performance and (ii) IP licensing. We theorize that these relationships depend on differences in product-level characteristics and that apps differentiated by their design are more likely and effectively to be protected by patents; apps combining elements of differentiated content are more likely and effectively protected by copyright. Our results support these predictions that product characteristics shape the appropriate contingent use of patent and copyright protection in digital products. These patterns are especially relevant to industries where digital products combine elements of differentiated design and differentiated digital content. 相似文献
2.
Using unique innovation survey data collected from a homogenous sample of firms in Pakistan, this paper presents an analysis of the firm level determinants of product innovation and its impact on firm performance. We employ a multi-stage structural model linking the decision of a firm to innovate, its innovation investment, product innovation, and firm performance using primary data from the textile and wearing apparel sector, which is the largest export sector of Pakistan. We find that product innovation leads to increased labor productivity as well as higher labor productivity growth. A 10 percent increase in innovative sales per worker is associated with a greater than 10 percent increase in labor productivity and labor productivity growth. On the determinants of innovation, we find that vertical knowledge flows from foreign clients and suppliers are important determinants of a firm's decision to innovate. Larger firms are more likely to engage in innovation, however, there is no significant evidence that they invest more in innovation. Exporting is positively associated with innovation performance and firms exporting to Europe and America are more likely to engage in innovation. There is mixed evidence on the impact of competition: foreign competition adversely affects a firm’s decision to innovate, whereas, local competition increases investment in innovation. Subsidies seem to have a crowding out effect since firms receiving national subsides invest less in innovation. Furthermore, firms that have higher investment in innovation, that are more productive, and that introduce organizational innovations have higher innovative sales per worker. 相似文献
3.
Eric Von Hippel 《Research Policy》1982,11(2):95-115
It has been empirically observed that, in some industries product users are the most frequent sources of product innovations while, in other industries, product manufacturers are. I hypothesize that such differences are caused by differences in the ability of these two “functional” categories of innovators to appropriate innovation benefit. I explore this hypothesis by examining the real-world effectiveness of mechanisms (such as patents and lead time) used for the appropriation of innovation benefit and the dependence of this effectiveness on the functional relationship between innovator and innovation. 相似文献
4.
中国创新模式及其演进的实证研究(Ⅱ) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文运用国家创新系统的有关理论及大样本统计验证的方法说明了中国技术创新模式主要是需求拉动型的,以“独立创新”模式为主,单独企业的创新以引进创新为主。 相似文献
5.
运用共享投入关联两阶段DEA测量创新效率,并采用Meta-frontier模型对比分析福建省7个国家高新区与国内9个先进高新区。研究发现,16个高新区普遍存在技术研发阶段投入冗余、产品开发与销售产出不足;福建省高新区技术研发效率低下,创新能力薄弱;国内9个先进高新区整体创新能力接近于创新有效的效率前沿,而福建省高新区创新能力离有效的效率前沿差距较大,除厦门高新区外其他6个均处于低技术研发效率-低产品开发与销售效率状态。福建省应积极探索建立以“知识创新社区”为核心的第三代科技园区。 相似文献
6.
工业企业创新是企业创新的核心部分。本文采用2014年全国企业创新调查数据,对鲁粤苏浙四省规模以上工业企业的创新情况进行了较为细致的对比研究。结果表明,山东省工业企业在创新产出方面与其他三省的差距远超出预期,尤其是更能代表专利技术含量的拥有发明专利数以及代表高端竞争能力的国际新产品销售收入等指标差距更甚,与传统印象里山东省作为制造业大省、创新资源大省的地位是不相符的。这一结果产生的原因,与山东省工业企业整体创新活跃度偏低、创新投入强度不高有密切关系,而究其深层次原因,应与山东省产业结构中传统产业所占比重偏高,小型企业创新意愿、创新资源和创新产出方面的不足等有关。此外,人才短缺和流失、创新成本过高、缺乏风险投资、技术和市场信息渠道不畅等因素也对山东省工业企业的创新造成了不利影响。针对上述问题,本文从五个方面提出了提高山东省工业企业创新能力的对策措施。 相似文献
7.
《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2002,13(2):249-277
This study investigated the influence of national cultural dimensions on new product innovation. Samples drawn from the US and Belgium were analyzed and contrasted. The Belgium sample exhibited higher Power Distance (POWDIS), higher Uncertainty Avoidance (UNCAVD), and higher Masculinity (MASC) in comparison to the US sample. Belgium executives also reported greater satisfaction with the level of new product innovations than the US executives. However, quantitative measures of innovation in the US were higher. A combination of high POWDIS and an emphasis on Organization System (ORGSYS) that supported innovation was found to have the greatest explanatory power for new product innovations. 相似文献
8.
9.
从创新数量、创新质量角度分析创新对外贸出口的作用机制与效应具有重要意义。本文认为创新数量的微观作用机制包括提高企业竞争优势、降低产品生产成本,宏观作用机制包括加强国际贸易基础设施建设、培养创新人才、培育创新文化等。创新质量的微观作用机制包括有利于企业形成蓝海战略、企业创新成果的良性反馈效应,宏观作用机制包括催生新兴产业、提升全球价值链、改善国家贸易环境等等。在此基础上,基于中国高技术产业统计年鉴数据,采用面板数据模型和面板门槛回归模型分析了创新数量、创新质量对外贸出口的影响效应。研究结果表明：创新数量对外贸出口呈现U型曲线。并且具有外贸出口门槛效应,即随着外贸出口门槛水平增高,创新数量贡献的弹性增大;创新数量存在“U型陷阱”与“低外贸出口”效应;创新质量水平较低,与外贸出口无关。 相似文献
10.
Determinants of industry-academy linkages and, their impact on firm performance: The case of Korea as a latecomer in knowledge industrialization 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Boo-Young Eom 《Research Policy》2010,39(5):625-12407
This paper utilizes the Korea Innovation Survey data to identify the determinants of industry-university and industry-government research institute (IUG) cooperation, and its impact on firm performance. First, we find that among the determinants of IUG cooperation, traditional firm characteristic variables of size and R&D intensity are not significant, while participation in national R&D project turns out be most significant and robust in both cooperation modes. This is in contrast to the results from the cases in European countries and reflects the significance of government policies in promoting IUG cooperation in latecomer economies. Second, with regard to the impact of IUG cooperation, we conspicuously find no significant impact on the innovation probability of firms when we control the possible endogeneity, such that already innovative firms would participate more at such cooperation modes. This implies that the IUG cooperation cannot guarantee the success of a firm in technological innovation. Rather, it may have an influence on the selection or direction of the research projects of a firm. When we limited the analysis to innovative firms, we do find a positive impact of the IUG cooperation on patents generated from new product innovation but find none in terms of volume of sales or labor productivity. These results seem to reflect the still transitional nature of the national innovation system (NIS) and knowledge industrialization in Korea. 相似文献
11.
《Research Policy》2023,52(9):104850
This paper revisits the patents debate and considers the role of intellectual property rights and their impact on society in the context of inventions designed to protect global common pool resources (CPRs) such as public health and the environment. A review of the theoretical and empirical literature suggests that there has never been a clear consensus among researchers on the benefits of the patent system and intellectual property rights. As Robinson notes, “The patent system introduces some of the greatest of the complexities in the capitalist rules of the game and leads to many anomalies.” We explore these anomalies by specifying a taxonomy of patents for different classes of inventions, including inventions to protect CPRs. This includes vaccines and inventions that reduce externalities, such as, CFC gases and greenhouse gas emissions. In these instances, the effectiveness of innovations depends critically on rapid global diffusion. Our theoretical analysis utilises Ostrom's CPR dilemma to analyse the complexities surrounding innovation and CPRs.We find that the effectiveness of innovations to protect CPRs depends on industrial characteristics and the wider regulatory environment. Empirical evidence is brought to bear on these conclusions via 2 case studies that each embodies a natural experiment; one on vaccines pre- and post-TRIPS and one on environmental technologies to reduce CFC gases and CO2 emissions with and without an agreed UN Protocol. The insights gained are explored in our policy section. Our analysis suggests the need for a more nuanced approach to patent policy that is embedded in the wider context of innovation systems and takes account of the anomalies raised by CPRs. For CPR protecting innovations subject to positive network externalities, we advocate that policy should prioritise diffusion over private incentives for R&D and use alternative policies to patents to stimulate investment in R&D. 相似文献
12.
通过综合考察知识产权政策内容建立知识产权政策量化标准,从政策力度、政策目标、政策措施三个方面对知识产权政策进行量化并建立经典的计量模型对中国知识产权政策的影响进行评估。结果发现,政策力度能显著促进新产品销售率,但会限制专利授权量;权利界定目标显著促进了技术创新绩效,但侵权惩戒目标却显著限制了技术创新绩效;最主要的行政措施对技术创新绩效的影响很小,而真正起作用的财税措施没有得到足够的重视。 相似文献
13.
Marco Cucculelli 《Research Policy》2012,41(5):808-821
This study contributes to the recent empirical literature on the innovation-firm performance relationship by investigating the effect of product introduction on firm growth in a sample of Italian firms from 2000 to 2006. We adopted a novel approach that exploits the interpretative content of the tenure of the last product introduced (i.e., the number of years since its first introduction) as an additional variable into the explanatory scheme of firm sales growth rate. This variable aims to capture peculiar characteristics of new goods, such as their novelty and complexity. The estimated results confirmed the relevance of this model specification and helps in understanding the reason why previous studies have failed to find a statistically robust relationship between product innovation and growth. Moreover, we found the following: first, the release of a new product enhances growth opportunity among multiproduct firms; second, product development promotes the growth of firms belonging to sectors with stronger commitment to research and development; and third, new product development enhances firm growth substantially in those sectors that absorb externally originated patents. 相似文献
14.
筛选中国26个省、自治区、直辖市高技术产业的2008—2016年面板数据进行回归分析,并将全国按照综合科技创新水平指数划分为三大梯队,探究工艺创新和产品创新驱动中国高技术产业升级的影响机制,检验产品创新的中介作用,比较三大梯队中介效应的差异。研究结果发现:在全国层面,产品创新在工艺创新促进产业升级过程中发挥完全中介作用,还需适当扩大投资规模;在第一梯队地区起部分中介作用,工艺创新对产业升级的促进作用有39%是通过产品创新实现的,仍需扩大投资规模和外商直接投资程度;第二梯队地区不存在上述中介作用,若要推动产业升级,需提高政府干预经济程度和高等教育程度;第三梯队地区与全国层面结果相似,产品创新在工艺创新促进产业升级过程中发挥完全中介作用,还需提高对外开放程度,减少外商直接投资额。 相似文献
15.
Radical, breakthrough innovations create not only great industrial possibilities, but also great social uncertainties. When a breakthrough medical technology is discovered, the question arises as to whether to accept the possible risks involved, or to defer implementing the innovation until more data is available, and, specifically, until others have taken up the innovation and demonstrated both its efficacy, its relative safety and market acceptance. Specifically, when a firm discovers a new candidate substance for a first in its class drug, how to evaluate the potential risks becomes a key predicament for management. This paper focuses on the role of a firm's social networks and national innovation system context in influencing the social epistemology around potential breakthrough innovations. Through an examination of the processes of drug development related to the same candidate substance in a Japanese firm and an American firm, we suggest that, in addition to organizational capabilities at the corporate level, social capital, specifically formed under a certain innovation system, plays a key role in leading to the successful introduction of breakthrough innovations. 相似文献
16.
Beyond formal R&D: Taking advantage of other sources of innovation in low- and medium-technology industries 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study deepens our knowledge of critical success factors in the innovation process of low- and medium-technology (LMT) industries. To accomplish this, it explores how the innovation process in LMT firms may depend on non-formal R&D activities and the use of external sources. The empirical analysis is based on a representative panel of Spanish manufacturing firms. The results strongly support the view that non-R&D activities such as design, the use of advanced machinery and training are crucial to understanding the innovation process of any firm. The study finds, however, that the impact of these activities is especially important in LMT industries, particularly for the achievement of product innovations. The empirical evidence also reveals the importance of external sources such as the use of consultants, the hiring of personnel, collaboration agreements and external R&D, with the greatest differences between LMT and high-technology (HT) firms being observed in process innovations. 相似文献
17.
选取学会数、学术交流活动和专利授权数三个相关变量,以1998-2012年的科协活动和专利授权统计数据为基础,应用向量自回归方法分析学会发展对创新的影响。结果表明,学会数和学术交流活动是影响专利授权数的显著因素;学会数和学术交流活动对专利授权数具有正向促进效应;学术交流活动对专利授权数的促进效应及其变动的贡献程度均大于学会数的贡献率。最后,提出大力发展学会事业,积极发挥学会在构建国家创新体系中的支柱作用;提高学术交流活动质量,增强学会的创新驱动效应;加强学会承担政府转移职能的能力,拓展新的创新驱动路径的对策建议。 相似文献
18.
《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2022,6(3):142-155
The advancement of water sustainability and reliance highly depends on the implementation of innovative ideas. However, despite being a vital resource, the water sector still faces many challenges in innovations compared to other industries. This study investigated three different aspects of innovation activities in the water sector in Kazakhstan, which represents a typical developing country. First, the potential water-related issues calling for more innovation activities were investigated. Second, the trend of innovation activities over 30 years was investigated with the help of patents. Third, the disruptions rendered by COVID-19 to innovation activities in the water sector were investigated through a questionnaire survey. The analysis results showed that the total volume of contaminated wastewater generated in Kazakhstan has generally increased with time. The number of water enterprises, patented water-related innovations, and total general patents showed a strong association, with correlation values ranging from 0.66 to 0.99. In all firms, regardless of the scale investigated in this study, the availability of local expertise, the culture of local organizations toward innovation, and the country’s business environment are all considered to have a significant impact on water innovation processes. 相似文献
19.
草根创新是我国经济增长的新动力。本文通过最大变异抽样,选取了中国10个农民草根创新案例,在扎根理论的基础上,采用质性研究严格归纳法,分析在资源限制条件下创新是怎样产生并且对社会产生影响的效用机制。研究结果表明草根农民“创客”在进行创新的过程中,追求三重底线,不仅能创造经济价值和社会效益,还带来了环境收益,草根农民也能成为创新的重要力量,促进社会的可持续发展。本研究对于政策制定以及创新模式的探索有着重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
20.
中国国内创新主体拥有有效专利数量大幅增加,但是其专利运用水平以及专利收益能力没有及时提升,使得专利维持年费负担为创新的可持续发展造成一定的影响。在研究专利维持年费制度基本原理的基础上,通过对国内创新主体就专利维持年费相关制度调查结果分析发现：中国有效专利数量大幅增加的同时,创新主体也承受着过重的专利维持年费压力;专利维持年费制度是一种类似于税收杠杆的、能够促进创新的货币政策工具;现有专利维持年费制度不利于促进创新主体的可持续创新活动,对其进行全面改革有利于创新驱动战略的实施和知识产权强国建设。最后提出完善中国专利维持年费制度的建议。 相似文献