共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
基于生态系统的东海渔业管理研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于生态系统的渔业管理是目前全球渔业管理的新理念,其要求从海洋生态系统整体出发制定渔业管理决策,并运用多学科知识,加强各部门合作,实现资源开发与生态保护相协调.目前东海渔业管理面临着内外双重压力.对内,渔业资源因过度捕捞和海洋污染不断衰退;对外,中日、中韩渔业协定生效后,近海捕捞作业压力因大量渔船回归而进一步加大.因而,探索基于生态系统的管理对于解决东海渔业问题应该是一种有益尝试.实现基于生态系统的东海渔业管理首先在立法上应修订现有渔业法规,增加有关生态系统管理的规定.其次在实践中应采取多部门协作、促进利益相关者参与管理、建立海洋保护区和生态监控区、加强与日韩合作等措施,切实推进基于生态系统的渔业管理在东海实施. 相似文献
2.
东海海岸带综合管理的多用户协议支持工具的设计与实现 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海岸带地区因其高生产力和便捷的交通条件使之成为人类活动的中心区域,但该地区日益加剧的人类活动对生态环境的影响已经威胁到人类的生存和发展,如何制定统筹有效的管理措施已经成为海岸带可持续发展的课题之一.本文以东海渔业管理为例,基于C#语言和ADO.NET技术等构建了东海海岸带协议支持工具CoastDT.CoastDT通过数据管理、多用户评价、生态系统健康评价及多用户协议决策等功能,对东海渔业资源养护管理方案进行甄别与优选,引导各利益主体通过交互协议以参与东海渔业综合管理与决策.与传统决策支持系统(DSS)不同,CoastDT将为用户提供讨论、对话及协议的交互平台,为东海渔业资源的开发利用和建设管理提供了辅助技术支持,为东海海岸带的侧重于渔业的综合管理提供决策支持.CoastDT也对协议决策应用于海岸带综合管理做出了有益的尝试. 相似文献
3.
目前,国内跨行政区的海域内渔业资源管理机制问题凸显,渔业资源管理成效落后于资源保护的现实需求,这与地方政府对渔业的重视程度及决策时的利益取舍有关。文章以地方政府需要权衡全局而作出决策为立足点,以沿岸流经三个县级行政区域的三门湾为研究区域,以海域内鳗苗渔业资源管理为研究对象,从博弈论角度分析了地方政府之间决策以及地方政府和渔民之间博弈的内在经济学关系。运用成本—收益分析法,引入机会成本等参数,构建了博弈模型,计算并分析了政府强监管均衡概率和渔民违法均衡概率及其影响因素,提出相应建议。结果显示,外部性、资源收益及机会成本等是影响地方政府决策的重要因素,在短期利益的追逐下,地方政府会倾向选择弱监管措施。分析认为,短视性和外部性是制约地方政府采取渔业资源保护措施的主要因素,也是目前渔民违法违规均衡概率偏高的原因。提出解决问题的关键在于,将地方政府管理渔业资源的外部性内部化,提高地方政府的渔业资源收益。创新资源管理模式和渔业资源利用方式,完善政府业绩考核机制等。 相似文献
4.
通过1998年至2000年间舟山群岛地区鱼类栖息地环境、渔业劳动力和管理措施、渔获物产量和产值等生态、社会和经济综合参数的海岸剖面分析模型(CTAM)的构建,实现该地区渔业资源变化以及渔获物、现金和劳动力流通的可视化,初步评价近海、外海大小型渔业的经济-社会-生态综合效益,为东海海洋渔业的可持续发展提供有价值的信息和建议.分析结果表明:①渔业资源的保护和增长可通过鱼类栖息地的保护和渔具类型与规模的控制实现;②舟山地区可加强海洋捕捞业的竞争力,拓展国内外市场;③科学发展舟山群岛渔业需要严格控制近海渔业,做好近海小型渔业转产转业工作,并适当发展外海渔业,同时做好近外海渔业资源的保护工作. 相似文献
5.
多准则渔业管理政策优选研究——以东海为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究在已建立的东海EwE模型基础上,采用EwE中的"渔业政策优选"模块,根据东海渔业资源开发利用现状,模拟系统在经济、社会和生态三重准则下对多种渔业管理政策的响应,并结合层次分析法(AHP)从政策方案中选出"最理想的"东海渔业政策架构.模拟的时间尺度为41年,备选方案包括3个单准则方案、1个多准则方案和31个"复合准则方案".结果表明:单准则方案和多准则方案将导致各种渔具捕捞努力量发生较大变化.35个方案间的比较分析结果为基于生态系统的东海渔业管理(EBFM)和海洋捕捞作业结构调整提供了一些有益的思路:①单一准则的渔业管理策略和具有相同优先级的多准则渔业管理策略不能实现EBFM总体目标;②就东海目前的渔业经济和社会状况而言,不宜过分地抬高生态系统准则在渔业管理中的地位,经济和社会准则仍然重要:③东海海洋捕捞作业结构调整的总体思路应该是减少拖网和虾拖网作业、控制围网和流刺网作业、大力发展外海渔业. 相似文献
6.
7.
《学会》2021,(8)
福建省是我国海洋渔业大省,海水养殖产量位居全国第一,海洋捕捞产量位居全国第三,海洋渔业为保障优质动物蛋白供给、提高全民营养健康水平、促进渔业产业兴旺和渔民生活富裕等做出突出贡献,同时,在实现碳中和/减排二氧化碳、净化水质/缓解水域富营养化等生态服务功能方面也发挥着重要作用。该文在广泛调研福建省海洋渔业资源禀赋、发展现状、制度建设等方面的基础上,深入剖析福建省海水养殖、伏季休渔、限额捕捞、增殖渔业等面临的问题和挑战,综合分析了国内外渔业高效管理和实践的成功案例,从发展环境友好型的海水养殖业和发展资源养护型的捕捞业两个方面,提出了适宜福建省海洋渔业绿色发展的实施路径、保障措施和政策建议,以期为福建省海洋渔业绿色发展提供技术支撑。 相似文献
8.
对美国海洋渔业管理制度进行梳理和研究,总结出其成功经验,以期为我国海洋渔业管理制度的创新完善提供域外参考。通过对美国海洋渔业一手文献的分析,研究其有效遏制渔业资源衰退的管理方法,并综合运用学科交叉与比较研究方法,剖析其制度运行的内在机理,即在尊重海洋生态系统前提下、科学评估海洋鱼种资源数据基础上,制定渔场重建计划,采取有限准入权、份额捕捞、过程监管及社会配套等综合管理措施对海洋渔业资源进行系统性管理。最后,针对我国海洋渔业管理制度的完善,提出应在科学评估鱼种资源最大可持续生产量基础之上创新海洋渔业管理制度,将产出控制与投入控制有机结合,探索实施符合我国国情的渔业管理计划及配额捕捞模式,从而实现海洋渔业资源可持续利用的目标诉求。 相似文献
9.
德国将生物圈保护区融入国家可持续发展战略，在全国范围内建成了一个模范的生物圈保护区体系，成为维护国家生态系统稳定、探索资源可持续利用、创新社会发展模式、繁荣地方经济及开展人-地关系综合研究的重要平台。德国的经验体现在：具有深厚的自然保护地建设历史积累；官方及民间深刻理解认识到“人与生物圈计划”（MAB）的理念及生物圈保护区价值，并重视相关传播普及工作；国家及地方从政治法律、科学研究和国际合作方面支持有力；充分体现生物圈保护区的示范价值；在生物圈保护区的申报和阶段性评估中有所创新。基于德国的经验，建议中国有关部门：提升MAB及其生物圈保护区的公众认知度；强化国家支持力度，推动生物圈保护区“中国模式”的打造；推动生物圈保护区被纳入新时期自然保护地法制化体系进程；制定申报和阶段性评估的国家标准；加强国际交流与合作，共同打造不同国家间差异化的生物圈保护区发展模式，以有助于开创MAB发展新局面，促进人类命运共同体建设。 相似文献
10.
江苏省沿海滩涂资源开发模式及其适宜性评价 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
江苏广阔的沿海滩涂由海陆交互作用而成,总体仍在增长,南部开发条件优于北部。依据滩涂自然属性,考虑社会、经济、资源组合、技术等因素,本着可持续发展的原则,因地制宜对滩涂开发模式进行研究,同时对各模式在开发中的优劣势及易出现问题进行了识别,对区域适宜滩涂开发模式进行了探讨。滩涂农业综合开发是江苏滩涂的传统开发模式,经验丰富,但适垦滩涂所余不多,目前宜对已有农业区进行广度和深度开发;滩涂渔业综合开发已成为目前江苏海洋经济的支撑,是今后重点发展模式;滩涂自然保护区-旅游开发和滩涂港口-工业区开发是江苏海洋经济的突破口,正在大力发展中;江苏北部沿海滩涂有着优越的条件发展盐业-海洋化工,侧重发展海洋化工,使这一传统开发焕发新的生机。农业、渔业和盐业开发成带,分据江苏沿海滩涂的中、南、北部,保护区-旅游和港口-开发区开发则呈斑状,依据资源状况,穿插于开发带中。黄海辐射沙脊群是重要的滩涂资源,滩涂养殖、港口和旅游开发前景广阔。 相似文献
11.
A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
14.
Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
16.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
17.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
18.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献